Unit IIUnit II1607-17631607-1763

Part 1Part 1

1607 Jamestown: the first 1607 Jamestown: the first permanent English colony permanent English colony

in the New Worldin the New World The London Co. (later will be called the The London Co. (later will be called the

Virginia Co.) sent 144 men on three ships to Virginia Co.) sent 144 men on three ships to VirginiaVirginia

The Godspeed, Susan Constant, The Godspeed, Susan Constant, and theand the DiscoveryDiscovery

These men were young and in good physical These men were young and in good physical shape and were indentured servantsshape and were indentured servants

Only 104 survived the tripOnly 104 survived the trip

Jamestown, Va.Jamestown, Va.

The London Co. had hoped that these The London Co. had hoped that these men would be able to mine gold, men would be able to mine gold, silver, and other precious metalssilver, and other precious metals

They wanted the same kind of wealth They wanted the same kind of wealth that Spain had foundthat Spain had found

When the ship landed, it was too late When the ship landed, it was too late in the season to plant. These were in the season to plant. These were not landless farmers anyway.not landless farmers anyway.

JamestownJamestown They did not know how to hunt, fish and They did not know how to hunt, fish and

were not sure what plants were safe to eat.were not sure what plants were safe to eat. They settled in a malaria swamp in the They settled in a malaria swamp in the

Chesapeake Bay AreaChesapeake Bay Area

By 1608 only 38 survived (cannibalism)By 1608 only 38 survived (cannibalism) Religion was not a factor in this settlement.Religion was not a factor in this settlement. All men had agreed to attend the Anglican All men had agreed to attend the Anglican

ChurchChurch

Captain John SmithCaptain John Smith

Arrived and organized the men into Arrived and organized the men into work parties for farming and mining.work parties for farming and mining.

He taught them to hunt, fish and He taught them to hunt, fish and deal with the nativesdeal with the natives

Less that a dozen died the next winter Less that a dozen died the next winter but Smith went back to England to but Smith went back to England to be treated for powder burnsbe treated for powder burns

In the Meantime…In the Meantime…

The London Co. investors wanted to The London Co. investors wanted to see some profit.see some profit.

600 more people were sent to 600 more people were sent to Jamestown in 1609 along with a ship Jamestown in 1609 along with a ship full of supplies (which sunk on the full of supplies (which sunk on the way)way)

More died of starvation and malariaMore died of starvation and malaria

The London Co.The London Co.

Believed that the settlers were Believed that the settlers were slackers so they sent Sir Thomas Dale slackers so they sent Sir Thomas Dale to superviseto supervise

Dale’s 3 rules:Dale’s 3 rules: No slackingNo slacking No dealing with the IndiansNo dealing with the Indians No swearingNo swearing Violations were punishable by deathViolations were punishable by death

JamestownJamestown

Even Dale could not save JamestownEven Dale could not save Jamestown John Rolfe saved it by introducing a John Rolfe saved it by introducing a

mild form of West Indian tobacco to mild form of West Indian tobacco to the land in 1611the land in 1611

Tobacco caught on but by the time it Tobacco caught on but by the time it was a money-maker, the London Co. was a money-maker, the London Co. was SOL because the original was SOL because the original indentured period had passedindentured period had passed

JamestownJamestown So…The London Co. renamed itself the So…The London Co. renamed itself the

Virginia Co. and hoped to still make a Virginia Co. and hoped to still make a profit by attracting more settlers to profit by attracting more settlers to colonizecolonize

They offered a Headright system Similar They offered a Headright system Similar to the Dutch Patroon System…(55 to 100 to the Dutch Patroon System…(55 to 100 acres of land for nothing. One could get acres of land for nothing. One could get a deed for the land if they established a deed for the land if they established boundaries, planted crops and built a boundaries, planted crops and built a habitation.habitation.

16191619

The Virginia Co sent 100 women to Va. The Virginia Co sent 100 women to Va. who could be purchased for 120 pounds who could be purchased for 120 pounds of tobacco!of tobacco!

Also, in 1619, a Dutch ship brought 19 Also, in 1619, a Dutch ship brought 19 African slaves to Va for sale. No one African slaves to Va for sale. No one wanted them! They preferred wanted them! They preferred Indentured servants…the Dutch ship had Indentured servants…the Dutch ship had loaded up with other supplies so the loaded up with other supplies so the Africans simply wandered away!Africans simply wandered away!

The Virginia House of The Virginia House of BurgessesBurgesses

1619 The first elected legislative 1619 The first elected legislative body in the colonies.body in the colonies.

The Virgiinia Co. had promised new The Virgiinia Co. had promised new settlers some self-government and settlers some self-government and the Va. House of Burgesses was it.the Va. House of Burgesses was it.

Indentured ServitudeIndentured Servitude

Was the preferred form of unfree labor Was the preferred form of unfree labor in the first 3 quarters of the 17in the first 3 quarters of the 17thth Century.Century.

Slavery will begin to replace indentured Slavery will begin to replace indentured servitude after Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)servitude after Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

Tobacco exhausted the land but was the Tobacco exhausted the land but was the main export crop in the 18main export crop in the 18thth C. C.

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion 1622 The Virginia Co. went broke1622 The Virginia Co. went broke 1624 Virginia became a Royal colony1624 Virginia became a Royal colony

1642 Governor Berkley (a royal 1642 Governor Berkley (a royal governor representing the crown) was governor representing the crown) was sent to rule Va.)sent to rule Va.)

Berkley and his friends (called the Green Berkley and his friends (called the Green Spring Group) cut deals with the Indians Spring Group) cut deals with the Indians at the expense of the frontiersmenat the expense of the frontiersmen

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Va. Grew rapidlyVa. Grew rapidly By 1660 40,000 were thereBy 1660 40,000 were there

Rapid growth was a problem because Rapid growth was a problem because more land was needed and the Native more land was needed and the Native Americans were constantly on the Americans were constantly on the attackattack

1673 Nathaniel Bacon arrived1673 Nathaniel Bacon arrived

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion Bacon was country gentry and was miffed Bacon was country gentry and was miffed

when not invited to join the Green Spring when not invited to join the Green Spring GroupGroup

His farm was hit by Indian attacks and he His farm was hit by Indian attacks and he insisted that Berkley do something about itinsisted that Berkley do something about it

Berkley refusedBerkley refused Bacon formed his own army (neighbors and Bacon formed his own army (neighbors and

indentured workers)indentured workers)

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Berkley called Bacon “a rebel” and Berkley called Bacon “a rebel” and Bacon’s army attacked Jamestown…Bacon’s army attacked Jamestown…burned it to the groundburned it to the ground

Berkley went into hiding and then…Berkley went into hiding and then…

Bacon dropped dead of dysentry (not Bacon dropped dead of dysentry (not pretty)pretty)

Why was this important?Why was this important?

Results of Bacon’s Results of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

Since Bacon’s army was made up of Since Bacon’s army was made up of Indentured Servants, many believed Indentured Servants, many believed that African slaves would be less that African slaves would be less dangerous and easier to control.dangerous and easier to control.

So…slavery began to replace So…slavery began to replace indentured servitudeindentured servitude

The Importance of Bacon’s The Importance of Bacon’s RebellionRebellion

Bacon’s Rebellion reflected conflict Bacon’s Rebellion reflected conflict on 3 levels:on 3 levels:

The colonists v the Native AmericansThe colonists v the Native Americans The colonists v British authorityThe colonists v British authority The rural population and the urbanitesThe rural population and the urbanites

JamestownJamestown

The Virginia Co. also offered limited The Virginia Co. also offered limited Self-Government leading to :Self-Government leading to :

The Virginia House of Burgesses The Virginia House of Burgesses (1619): the first legislative body in (1619): the first legislative body in the coloniesthe colonies