Unit 9

Architecture

Part I Warming upSection A. ViennaVocabularycoffer: a large strong chest for holing money, jewels, or other valuable objects 保险箱 ornate: having a great deal of decoration; not simple adj. 装饰的 , 华丽的 , ( 文体 ) 绚丽的opulent: having or showing great wealth 富裕guilder: 荷兰盾

fresco: painting in water color on a surface usu. of a wall, made of wet plaster n. 在灰泥的墙壁上作的水彩画 , 壁画

chandelier:a usu. large branched decorative holder for candles or electric lights, usu. hanging from the ceiling; 枝形吊灯 as “crystal chandelier

catacomb: an underground burial place made up of many passages and rooms 地下墓穴jumble: larger than others of the same kind

VersaillesVersailles: A city of north-central France west-southwest of Paris. It is best known for its magnificent palace, built by Louis XIV in the mid-17th century, where the treaty ending World War I was signed in 1919. Population: 91,494.

Habsburg: A royal German family that supplied rulers to a number of European states from the late Middle Ages until the 20th century. The Hapsburgs reached the height of their power under Charles V of Spain. When Charles abdicated (1558), the empire was divided between the Spanish and Austrian lines. The Spanish branch ceased to rule after 1700 and the Austrian branch after 1918.n.(=Hapsburg) 哈普斯堡皇室

Schonbrunn Palace This palace of nearly 1,500 rooms was completed in the early 18th century as a smaller model of Versailles. In earlier times it served as summer residence to various Habsburg rulers Due to this historical importance, its beautiful location and its gardens this palace is one of the very top sights in Vienna. Furthermore the entire complex was added to the UNESCO's world cultural heritage list.

RococoA style of art, especially architecture and decorative art, that originated in France in the early 18th century and is marked by elaborate ornamentation, as with a profusion of scrolls, foliage, and animal forms. adj. 洛可可式的 , 过分修饰的

St. Stephen’s Cathedral Gothic cathedral in the city center was the site of Mozart's funeral in 1791. Its lace-stone spire has become Vienna's signature. Its construction began in the 12th century during the reign of Ottokar II of Bohemia. The cathedral, devastated during World War II, was so essential to the Austrian identity that all Bundeslander (Regional States) contributed to its reconstruction. Austria's most prominent national symbol, this magnificent cathedral is known for its intricately tiled roof and its nearly 500-foot-tall South Tower, which provides amazing views of the entire city.

Imperial Burial Vaults: A burial chamber for the royal family, especially when underground. The intestines （肠） of the dead bodies of Habsurgs are kept in the copper urns.( 铜壶 ).

Copper urn

HofburgThe city's stately imperial palace once served as the residence of the powerful Hapsburg emperors and today is home to several museums

Baroque: relating to, or characteristic of a style in art and architecture developed in Europe from the early 17th to mid-18th century, emphasizing dramatic, often strained effect and typified by bold, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate partsn. 巴洛克时期艺术和建筑风格的 , 巴洛克式adj. 巴洛克式的 , 结构复杂的 , 形式怪样的

Gothic: Of or relating to an architectural style prevalent in western Europe from the 12th through the 15th century and characterized by pointed arches, rib vaulting, and a developing emphasis on verticality and the impression of height. n. 哥特式 adj. 哥特式的 , 野蛮的

ornate caskets

A coffin

Renaissance: The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe. The period of this revival, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.

Instructions: You are going to hear a description abut the most outstanding monuments in Vienna—a royal city. Listen and supply the missing words. Try to get the ideas before you start to write down the missing words.

Key to Ex.Europe; enrich; empire; palaces; buildings; opera house; museums and libraries; government buildings; themselves; Viennacost; 1 million; 260; gold; precious35-foot; frescoes; crystal; mirrors;skyline; 450; 343; 12th

copper urns; ornate caskets; visited.

Pedestrian malls; ruins; underground museum. The Museum of Fine Arts2,600’ jumble ; times; styles; 13th ; 1700s

Palais du Louvre Vocabularyart gallery: 美术馆transparency: A transparent object, especially a photographic slide that is viewed by light shining through it from behind or by projection. The quality or state of being transparent. 透明

complement: To serve as somethingg that completes, makes up a whole, or brings to perfection to: Roses in a silver bowl complement the handsome cherry table. continuity: The state or quality of being continuous. An uninterrupted succession or flow; a coherent whole

Palais du Louvre:  A castle was built around 1190 and in 1370 this castle was converted into a Palace on the orders of King Charles V. This was demolished in 1527 and a Renaissance design was planned for Francis I, completed during the reign of Henry II. Further developments continued until in 1667. In 1678 the royal residence moved to Versaille and the Palais du Louvre became an art gallery. The Lourve became the "Museum Napoleon" in 1803 and further work was completed along Rue Rivoli. During the reign of Napoleon III, the Tuileries and the Louvre palaces were linked and further courtyards completed

Glass Pyramid: The Louvre Pyramid

In the 1980s, Chinese-American architect I.M Pei designed the celebrated pryamid in the main courtyard. This leads into a new central circulation space for the main wings of the galleries and as a visual centre point for the vast sprawling exterior.

B1. Instructions:You are going to hear an introduction of Palais du Louvre and Louvre Pyramid. Complete the following facts

Key to Ex. B1. The Palais du Louvre:Location: heart of Paris.Beginning year of construction: 1527Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793

The Louvre Pyramid:Designer: Ieoh Ming PeiUse: the main entrance to the Palais du LouvreHeight: 21mWidth: 33mMaterials: steel tubes; cables; glass sheetYear of completion: 1988

B2.Instructions: You are going to hear an architect commenting on the Louvre Pyramid. Fill in the blanks according to what you hear on the tape.

Key to Ex.1)      transparency; light2)      shapes; beauty3)      contradictory; in dialogue; complement;4) mistake; similar

Part II Eco-conscious construction

A. A speech by former U.S. president Bill Clinton on how to deal with global warming

 Vocabulary: outage: A quantity or portion of something lacking after delivery or storage. A temporary suspension of operation, especially of electric power. besiege: To cause to feel distressed or worried: She was besieged by problems. erratic: Lacking consistency, regularity, or uniformity: 不稳定的 ; 无规律的an erratic heartbeat. Deviating from the customary course in conduct or opinion; eccentric: erratic behavior.古怪的 ; 乖僻的

devastating: destroyinginsulation: protection from heat loss or electricity contractor: a person or company providing material or services at an agreed priceretrofit: to alter or change对 ... 作翻新改进swelter: to affect with oppressive heatthriving: prosperous

Tennessee:A state of the southeast United States. It was admitted as the 16th state in 1796Nashville is the capital and Memphis the largest city. Population: 4,896,641

Tennessee:

Key to Ex.Short term measure:Releasing $100 million to the 11 hottest statesProviding new crisis assistance to low-income families:a. repairing and replacing air-conditioners and fansb. installing insulationc. giving advice on the best way to keep homes cool

Long term measures:Multipart initiatives for Federal Government:Retrofitting federal buildings and other facilities with the best energy-saving technologyReplacing conventional light bulbs and fixtures with more efficient fluorescentsBringing existing buildings up to EPA’s “Energy Star” standard of energy efficiencyAdopting “sustainable design” guidelines to reduce energy

Part III. Tomorrow’s house

Pre-listening discussion:What is home automation? In your opinion, what are some of the things that could be examples of home automation?What are some of the main interests in creating automated houses?Can home automation offer benefits and lifestyle improvements for elderly and disabled people? Imagine now.

Vocabulary:

gee-whiz: astonishing; an exclamation of surprise, astonishment etc.spa: a usu. Fashionable place with a spring of mineral water where people come for cures various diseases

coax: to ask gently and repeatedly for soothing thermostat: an apparatus that can be set to keep a room, machine, etc. at an even temperature by disconnecting and reconnecting a supply of heat when necessary

intriguing: very interesting, esp. because of some strange quality; fascinatingabound: to exist in large numbers or great quantityfloodlight: a large electric light that produces a very powerful and bright beam of light, used for lighting the outside of buildings, football grounds, etc. at night 泛光灯

skylight: a glass-covered opening in a roofdrapery: curtaininfrared: 红外线的

Key to Ex. BSafety:Security systems that detect ______________________________________________________________

Security systems that limit home access _____________________ and tell you ______________________ are open.

fires, gas and water leaks, intruders, unwelcome guests, etc.

to specific times of the daywhich doors and windows

Energy-efficiency:Lights that _______________ when you leave a room_______ that help open skylights, turn on ceiling fans and close the draperies when the house reaches a certain temperature.

turn themselves off

Sensors

Convenience:Appliances that tell you when something is wrong with them.Security system, spa, lights, CD player, garage door, thermostat, stereo, etc. that can be controlled while in the house or remotely from a touch-tone phone or computer and modem.Lifestyle improvements form elderly and disabled people: voice command, infrared remote control, etc.

Part IV Housing problems

A conversation between husband and wife

Vocabulary:

demolish: to destroy (esp. a large structure); pull or tear downpetition: (a piece or pieces of paper containing ) a request or demand made to a government or other body, usu. signed by many peopleSalt Lane:

OUTLINEI. The problem being discussedThe demolition of some old buildings to make room for the erection of office blocks

II. Facts and ideas presented by the wife

A. pulling down old houses and selling the land to a property company to build office blocksdoing nothing about itB. housing; new homes; office blocksC. complaining; the matter is receiving attentionD. promised to signE. people won’t put up with this sort of thing

III. Facts and ideas presented by the husband.

A. in pretty badB. in business; a good priceC. they are doing;D. moving offices to one of the new office