unit 8 fourteen steps hal manwaring lesson 1: contents word study 1 background 2 warm-up 3

Unit 8

Fourteen Steps

Unit 8

Fourteen Steps

Hal Manwaring Hal Manwaring

Lesson 1: ContentsLesson 1: Contents

Word Study1

Background2

Warm-up3

Word StudyWord Study

Pronunciation

Meaning & Use

Derivation

Differentiation

Expansion

Meaning & UseMeaning & Use

Split-level Townhouse


Split-level Room


Hobble 跛行 Tina was ~ing around on

crutches. Johnson was still ~d

slightly by an ankle injury.

DifferentiationDifferentiation

Hobble: <v./n.> walk in an awkward way with small steps, esp because one’s foot is injured

Cripple: <n./v.> a physical disability or a serious permanent injury

Crutch T 字形拐杖


Gusty winds 阵阵大风 I don't want to go out

in this ~ day. It is blowing a gale.

Slash The rain ~ed against

the window. Sweep

The storm swept the region. ( 席卷全区 )


Blowout: a flat tyre On the way back home, we had a

~.

Jack

Horn→


Bang

Thump

Honk

Clank

Jerk The bus ~ed to a stop.

Slick The road was ~

with ice.

Sweep A huge wave swept over

the deck.

Fumble She is ~ing the light

switch

急刹


Peninsula 半岛

Word ExpansionWord Expansion

landforms

basin

gulf

delta

iceberg

marshgorge plateau

plain

glacier

oasis

prairie

Word DerivationWord Derivation

V. paralyze jerk sweep

N.

A.

V. slacken penetrate

N.

A. gusty

paralysis

paralytic

jerk

jerky

sweep

sweeping

slackness/slack

slack

penetration

penetrating penetrative

gust

gust


V. afflict

N.

A. slick disillusioned

V. install slash thump

N.

V. honk tilt fumble

N.

slick

slick/slicker

disillusion

disillusionment affliction

afflictive

installation slash thump

honk tilt fumble


V. overflow

N. cripple jack

N. peninsula enormity indifference

A.

N. prophet sanity

A. frail

N. clank

A. frustrated awful

overflow

cripple jack

prophetic sane

peninsular enormous indifferent

frailty

frustration awfulness

<v.> clank

Word DifferentiationWord Differentiation

Installation vs. InstallmentWe agreed to pay for the car in __________.Do you have to pay extra for _________?The novel has been serialized for radio in

five ___________. The Americans still have several military

bases and __________ on the island.(=military base)

installation

installments

installations

installments


Hobble vs. CrippleSome of the runners could only manage to

________ over the finishing line.I hurt my foot while getting off the bus,

and had to __________ home.The driver ________ around on crutches for

a month after the accident.The accident _______ him for life.

hobble

hobblehobbled

crippled


Jerk vs. JackOnce the tourists arrive, the restaurants

______ up their prices.The car made a strange noise and then

_______ to a halt.The alarm went off and he woke up with a

______.You need a car ______ in order to change a

wheel.Do you know how to ______ up the car?

jack

jerked

jerkjack

jack


Slacken vs. SlashHe stooped to pick it up, without ______ his

pace.The pace of trading _______ during the

winter months.She tried to commit suicide by _______ her

wrist. Most people _________ off/up at the end of

a day’s work.The museum was broken into last night

and several paintings were ________.

slacken

slackened

slacken

slashed

slashing


Thump vs. Thumb She stood outside his room, her heart

__________.We _________ a lift to London.He ________ on the door but nobody came.If he does that again I’m going to give him

a _________.So it’s the ________ up for Brighton’s latest

night club.

thumping

thumped

thump

thumbed

thumbs


Fumble vs. TumbleShe _______ about in her handbag, looking

for her key.I lost my footing and ______ down the

stairs.He lost his balance and _______ over. They ________ around/about in the dark,

trying to find their way out of the cinema.

fumbled

tumbled

tumbledfumbled


Honk vs. HornThe driver sounded his ______ when the

child stepped in front of the car.He gave us a ______ on his horn as he

drove off.The driver blew/honked (infml.) her

________.He _______ his ______ as he went past.

horn

honk

hornhonked horn


Gusty vs. GhastlyThe forecast was for ______ winds and

rain.Today’s newspaper gives all the _______

details of the murder. It was all a _________ mistake. A sudden gust of wind blew his umbrella

inside out.Winds gusting to 50 mph brought down

power cables.

gusty

ghastly

ghastly

Synonyms & AntonymsSynonyms & Antonyms

inclined (a .) (syn) likely, apt, prone

(anto) disinclined

disillusioned (a.)

(syn) disenchanted

(anto) illusioned


frail (a.) (syn) weak, feeble; fragile, delicate

(anto) strong, robust, vigorous

indifference (n.)

(syn) unconcern, disinterest, apathy

(anto) interest, concern, empathy


afflict (v.)

(syn) torture, agitate

sanity (n.) (anto) insanity

selfish (a.) (anto) unselfish

Background InfoBackground Info

失明失聪 / 听觉障碍抑郁症Learning DisabilityCommunication disordersAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Can you name some common disabilities?

BlindnessDeafness (hearing impairment)

Depression学习障碍

沟通障碍症注意力缺陷

多动症

Background InfoBackground Info

Dwarfism 侏儒症Dyslexia 诵读困难Epilepsy 癫痫Motor disabilities 运动机能障碍Muscular Dystrophy (MD) 肌肉萎缩

症Autism 自闭症Down Syndrome 唐氏综合症

A Global PictureA Global Picture

1. What is the main idea of the text?

2. What are the writer’s “three lives”? What was the turning point of each life?

3. How many parts can Text I be divided into? What is each part about?

ThemeTheme

Life’s value lies not only in one’s struggle against adversity, but also in one’s readiness to help others.

Structural AnalysisStructural Analysis

Part 1 (para.1-2): The author’s first life Phase 1: a hard struggle Phase 2: “a pleasant dream”

Part 2 (para.3-5): The author’s second life—a life afflicted by the disease and with the yardstick of 14 steps

Structural AnalysisStructural Analysis

Part 3 (para.6-8): The beginning of the author’s third life—having a flat tire on a stormy night taught him a most unforgettable lesson in life

Part 4 (para9-10): (conclusion) The author’s reflection on the incident and his life philosophy, from which he discovered the true value of life.

Thank you.

To be continued

We can do no great things, only small things with great love.

Lesson Two: A Close ReadingLesson Two: A Close Reading

Comprehension1

Language Work2

3

Appreciation 4

Difficult Sentences

Part I (para. 1—2)Part I (para. 1—2)

“My” first life fell into two phases—a hard struggle to make a living because of Father’s early death, and then “a pleasant dream” about happy married life.

Comprehension CheckComprehension Check

1. When was the period of time the author considered happiest in his life?

2. When was his first life ended?

Language WorkLanguage Work

1. They say a cat has nine lives, and I am inclined to think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. (para. 1)

A cat has nine lives.: Cats can survive things that are severe enough to kill them.

be inclined to: to be likely or tend to Middle-class victims are more ~d to contact the

police.

ExpansionExpansion

Idioms about “cat” let the cat out of the bag: 泄露秘密like a cat on hot bricks (hot tin roof):as weak as a cat: 身体非常虚弱a cat in the pan: 叛徒to rain cats and dogs:to agree like cats and dogs:to see how the cat jumps: 见风使舵 , 随机应变to watch sb. as a cat watches a mouse:to put / set the cat among the pigeons:

象热锅上的蚂蚁

倾盆大雨完全合不来

死死盯着某人引起麻烦

ExpansionExpansion

Proverbs about “cat” A cat in gloves catches no mice. 四肢不勤 / 一事无成。Has the cat got your tongue? 为什么不吭声 ?That’s like putting the cat near the goldfish bowl. 引狼入

室The cat did it. The cat shuts its eyes when stealing cream. The scalded cat fears cold water. 挨过烫的猫连冷水都怕。When the cat’s away, the mice will play.

There’s more than one way to skin a cat. 有多种途径可以达到目的。

不是我干的 ( 推脱责任 )掩耳盗铃。

猫儿不在 , 老鼠乐坏。 ( 大王外出 , 小鬼跳梁 )

Sentence HighlightSentence Highlight

… and I am inclined to think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. (para. 1)

…and I tend to believe that the proverb tells the truth, because I’m living my third life now even if I am not a cat.


care for (para.1):

If you care for someone or something, you look after them and keep them in a good state or condition.

Expansion

If you care for someone, you feel a lot of affection for them.

If you care about something, you feel that it is important and are concerned about it.


2. As the children grew up, they married, leaving only one sister and myself to support and care for Mother, who became paralyzed in her last years and died while still in her 60s. (para. 1)

paralyze: to make unable to move or act Many of the greatest artists in history were ~d

from neck below. To fear in such circumstances is

understandable, provided that fear does not ~ us with inaction.


I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. (para.2)

San Jose (/ˌsænhoʊˈzeɪ/) (meaning St. Joseph in Spanish) or San José is the third-largest city in California and the tenth-largest in the United States.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English




I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. (para.2)

San Carlos is a city in California, USA on the San Francisco Peninsula, about halfway between San Francisco and San Jose.

Up: towards the north or a more important place e.g. On Tuesday she’ll be traveling up to Newcastle from Birmingham.


3. I became afflicted with a slowly progressive disease of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. (para. 2)

afflict v.

--The old man was ~ed with blindness / arthritis / gout, etc

progressive: adj.

--For example, ~ muscular relaxation has been shown to help promote sleep.

Sentence HighlightSentence Highlight

3. I became afflicted with a slowly progressive disease of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. (para. 2)

I suffered from the disease that affects my motor nerves, and is becoming more and more severe in slow pace.

Part II (para. 3—5)Part II (para. 3—5)

In “my” second life, “I” fought a hard battle against a disease progressively damaging “my” motor nerves, and “my” success was measured by the 14 steps at home.

Comprehension checkComprehension check

1. What was the author most afraid of after he was afflicted with a disease?

2. How did the author view the 14 steps?

3. Why does the writer called himself a bitterly disillusioned cripple? Do you agree?


1. I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps. (para. 3)

to a degree: to some / a certain extent, in a limited way, partly

Paraphrase

In a way, the daily exercise of climbing the 14 steps helped me retain my physical strength, which in turn made me keep my positive outlook on life and thus could continue living.


2. Our home was a split-level affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. (para. 4)

affair: [C] an object or a contrivance (esp. when you want to direct others’ attention to a particular feature)

--Martin’s bed was an iron affair with brass knobs. Paraphrase

Our home was a house with floors of different heights in different parts. There were 14 steps connecting the garage with the kitchen door.

IllustrationIllustration

a split-level house


3.Those steps were a gauge of life. (para.4)Gauge = gage: a device for measuring the amount

or size of sth a fuel/rain/temperature gauge The fact that the play has transferred to New York

is a ~ of its success. (=a way of judging)


They are my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. (para. 4)

yardstick: n. a standard for comparison

--The best ~ was to measure traffic against the 2008 figures.

--He continues to say that is the fundamental ~ of our nation's economic success.

--We don’t have a common ~ by which to compare the two cases.

Synonyms:

criterion; standard


4. I would be through—I could then admit defeat and lie down and die. (para. 4)

through: adj. completed, finished (especially applied to sth. that you will never do again) Training as a marriage counsellor would guarantee

her some employment once her schooling was through.

Sean is happy to announce that he is through with his duties in Hong Kong and is now in Beijing to stay.

Language Work Language Work

5. You might think that here walked a man of courage and strength. (para. 5)

Paraphrase:

You might think I am a courageous and strong-minded man.


6. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and… (para. 5)

disillusion: v. to free or deprive of illusion 醒悟；幻想破碎 He has got increasingly ~ed with Brown's stance on

Iraq. hold on to: to continue to believe in a belief, idea or

principle even if others try to influence you or circumstances cause you to doubt it He was imprisoned for 20 years yet held on to his

belief in his people.


6. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and… (para. 5)

Paraphrase:

Here walked a sad man with little hope for his future, and everything he owned at that time (his home, his job, his wife and his normal life) depended on his painful effort to climb these 14 steps.

Part III (para. 6—8)Part III (para. 6—8)

“I” had a flat tire on a stormy night, and a blind old man and his granddaughter gave “me” timely help.


1. What had happened on a dark night in August 1971?

2. Why did the author dismiss the thought at once that anyone would offer help at the moment?

3. How did the writer feel when the man and the little girl were working in the storm?


4. Was there any hint that indicates something unusual about the man?

5. Why did the old man refuse to accept the writer’s payment?

6. When did the author realize that the old man was blind?


1. …gusty wind and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. (para. 6)

gusty: adj. (of wind) very strong and irregular

--Weather forecasts predict more hot weather, ~ winds and lightning strikes.

slash: v. to whip viciously, lash -- a ~ing hailstorm 猛烈的冰雹 a ~ing rain 一阵倾盆大雨steer v. to control (the direction of) 掌舵，控制 ( 方向 )

--I’m an expert on ~ing.

--She has ~ed the company away from financial ruin.


1. …gusty wind and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. (para. 6)

Paraphrase:

The strong wind and dashing rain lashed on the car when I drove slowly down one of the roads where traffic was light.

2. I fought the car to stop on the rain-slick shoulder of the road and sat there as the enormity of the situation swept over me. (para. 6)

enormity n. great wickedness; immense size

--It’s difficult to grasp the sheer ~ of the tragedy. slick: adj. slippery

--the sidewalks ~ with ice

Paraphrase:

I managed to pull over the car on the slippery edge of the road, gripped by the seriousness and helplessness of the situation.



road with a wide shoulderroad shoulder

3. I started the engine and thumped slowly along, keeping well over on the shoulder until I came to the dirt road. (para. 6)

thump: If you ~ something somewhere or if it ~s there, it makes a loud, dull sound by hitting something else. She dashed out through the door, her

stockinged feet ~ing softly as she ran up the stairs.



4. I rolled down the window and called out that I had a flat tire and needed someone to change it form me because I had a crutch and couldn’t do it myself. (para. 7)

a flat tire: (Br E: flat tyre) a deflated pneumatic tire

Paraphrase of the underlined part:

…I shouted that my tire had no enough air and needed changing

Illustration:

a flat tire

Illustration Illustration

crutch (pl. ~es)


I sat there comfortable and dry,… (para.7)Verb + Adjective

sit; stand; lie (the state sb./sth. is in) The principle stands good even in relations

between organizations. The farmer lay quiet in the shadow of the

tree. The children sat bolt upright, waiting for

the teacher to dismiss the class.


Verb + Adjectivebe; seem; appear; look; sound; taste; feel; smell

(usu. as link verbs) The question appears sudden. A question suddenly appeared in the calculation. The floor feels rough. The butcher felt the edge of the knife carefully. The medicine tastes bitter. The girl tasted the medicine unwillingly.


Verb + Adjectivebecome; fall; get; go; turn (the change of the

subject from one state to another) It’s becoming much more expensive to travel

abroad. The room fell quiet all at once. He went red with embarrassment. Her hair has turned grey. Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.


…I rolled down the window all the way to watch (para.7)

All the way: from the beginning to the end Since she is as light as a feather, I had no problem

in carrying her all the way to the hospital. Prices vary all the way from $50 to $500. I’m with you all the way. He ran like greased lightning all the way from the

starting gate to the finishing line.


5. She was answered by the murmur of the man’s lower voice and the slow tilting of the car as it was jacked up. (para. 7)

tilt: v. to (cause to) slope or slant

--The dentist ~ed the mirror, inspecting my teeth.

Paraphrase:

The old man answered her in a low voice. And then the body of the car sloped slowly when it was lifted by a jack.


jack-handles

6. There followed a long interval of noises, jolts and low conversation from the back of the car, but finally it was done. (para. 7)

interval: [C] space or time in between

--The train leaves at an ~ of 30 minutes.

--It rained at intervals this week.


There was a long time between noise and shaking, low voice of talking…



7. He was an old man, stooped and frail-looking under his slicker. (para. 8)

Paraphrase:

He was an old man, whose back was bowed with age, and looked very weak in his raincoat.


slicker


bolts


8. This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now. (para. 8)

be set: be ready, be prepared We are set to leave early tomorrow morning.


…you are ready to move on now.

Part IV (para. 9—10)Part IV (para. 9—10)

To live a meaningful life, a disabled person should not only try hard to keep his/her own optimism but also take pains to help others in his/her limited way.


1. How did the writer react to the girl’s words?

2. What did the author learn from the auto-repair incident?

3. How did the writer re-

evaluate the 14 steps?

1. In the next few frozen seconds the shame and horror of that moment penetrated and I was sick with an intensity I had never felt before. (para. 9)

intensity: n. exceptionally great concentration, power or force

--to go mad at the ~ of one’s grief

Paraphrase:

In the following few seemingly never-ending seconds, I was overwhelmed by shame and horror I’d never experienced before. / In the next few seconds I was filled with such great shame and horror that I was speechless. I had never been so sick about what I had done before.


2. I realized that I was filled to overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others and thoughtlessness. (para. 9)

overflow with: to be very full of

--a heart ~ing with gratitude

--Kerry handed me a glass ~ing with wine, trying not to let it to spill on the carpet.

thoughtlessness: inconsideration, carelessnessParaphrase:

I used to be selfish and lacking in interest in helping others.



3. …this Scriptural admonition is more than just a passage in the Bible. (para. 10)

admonition: mild, kind, yet earnest reproof

(here an admonishing act)

Paraphrase:

This advice from the Bible is no just a chapter in the book.


5. Someday, perhaps, I will change a tire for a blind man in a car—someone as blind as I had been. (para. 10)

What is your understanding of the two “blind” s here?

HomeworkHomework

Presentation TopicDo you believe in power of belief? Please

illustrate your point with examples.

Thank you.

To be continued.

There is more happiness in giving than in receiving.

Lesson Three: ContentsLesson Three: Contents

Duty Report1

Vocabulary2

Translation3

Exercises 4

Proverbs concerning AnimalsProverbs concerning Animals

Dog Dog doesn’t eat dog. To help a lame dog over a stile

Rat A rat in a hole As wet as a drowned rat

Lion To beard the lion in his den. A lion in the way

虎毒不食子。雪中送炭。

瓮中之鳖。湿如落汤鸡。

太岁头上动土。拦路虎

Proverbs concerning AnimalsProverbs concerning Animals

Fish Never offer to teach fish to swim Fish begin to stink at the head.

Horse To put the cart before the horse. Never swap horse while crossing the stream.

Pig Pigs love that lie together. Teach a pig to play on a flute.

切莫班门弄斧。久住招人嫌。

本末倒置。

渡到河中别换马。臭味相投。

对牛弹琴。

Interesting NumbersInteresting Numbers

It’s a public relations office, a press office and a private office all in one.

And no, Bill, I wasn’t talking about sex --- you’ve got a one-track mind!

You can’t put all the blame on him. It takes two to make a marriage.

Are you sure he’s not two-timing you?Four-letter words are often edited out of

films before they are shown on television.The old man gave the thief a bunch of fives.

三位一体

单一思维

一个巴掌拍不响欺骗

Interesting NumbersInteresting Numbers

“I’m tired!” “That makes two of us!”John an Helen make a nice twosome, don’t

you think?There’s no point worrying about it --- we’ll

both be six feet under by then.He’s in his seventh heaven when he’s

watching football.The characters in his novels are always

three-dimensional.The doorbell rang and there was Chris, all

dressed up to the nines.

Me too.

天生一对

Be buried

快活似神仙

Lifelike

盛装

Bible and the Bible and the Scriptural Scriptural

AdmonitionsAdmonitions

The BibleThe Bible

The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts ： the Old Testament:

about God and the Laws of God the New Testament

about the doctrine of Jesus Christ

The word "Testament" means "agreement" 一 namely ， the agreement between God and Man ．

The Old TestamentThe Old Testament

The Old Testament consists of 39 books ， the oldest and most important of which are the first five books ， called Pentateuch.

The Pentateuch （五经） Genesis 《创世纪》 Exodus 《出埃及记》 Leviticus 《利未记》 Numbers 《民数记》 Deuteronomy 《申命记》

Parable from the BibleParable from the Bible

A parable is a simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson.

Jesus once said: You shall not kill. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not steal. You shall not bear false witness. Honor your father and mother. You shall love your neighbor as yourself.

Some Parables Told by Jesus ChristSome Parables Told by Jesus Christ

Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing but inwardly are ravenous wolves

Why do you see the speck that is in your brother’s eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye?

A sound tree cannot bear evil fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit.

It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God.

Words in Focus: invalidWords in Focus: invalid

1. An ________ is someone who needs to be cared for because they have an illness or disability. (n.)

2. An _______ argument or conclusion is wrong because it is based on a mistake, while a _______ one is based on sensible reasoning.

3. If a document is ________, it cannot be accepted, because it breaks the law or some official rule.

4. To ________ a conclusion means to prove that it is wrong.

5. The document proved the _________ of the marriage ceremony.

6. Shocked by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the _________ of the vote.

invalid

invalid valid

invalid

invalidate

invalidity

validity

Words in Focus: inclineWords in Focus: incline

1. I ________ to the view that she is right. (v.)2. I ______________ believe that he supports the plan.

(passive form)3. Young people seem more _______ to save money than

their parents. (adj.)4. Someone who is artistically _________ has a natural

talent for art. 5. The military government has shown little ___________

to restore democracy. (n.)6. People with artistic _____________ are encouraged to

illustrate their writing. (n. a natural tendency to behave in a particular way or have a particular interest)

inclineam inclined to

inclined

inclined

inclination

inclinations

Words in Focus: paralyzeWords in Focus: paralyze

1. If someone ___________ by an accident or an illness, they have no feeling in their body, or in part of their body, and are unable to move. (v.)

2. If an organization ____________ by something, it becomes unable to function properly.

3. _________ is the loss of the ability to move and feel in all or part of one’s body, or the state of being unable to function properly.

4. We were able to reverse _________ disease in laboratory animals. (adj. suffering from or related to paralysis)

is paralyzed

is paralyzed

Paralysis

paralytic

Words in Focus: disillusionWords in Focus: disillusion

1. If a person or something ___________ you, they make you realize that something is not as good as you thought.

2. __________ (or _____________ ) is the disappointment that you feel when you discover that something is not as good as you had expected or thought.

3. As she grew older, Laura grew increasingly ____________ with politics. (adj.)

4. An ________ is a false idea or belief.

5. Something ________ seems true or possible, but in fact is false or impossible.

disillusions

Disillusion disillusionment

disillusioned

illusion

illusory

Words in Focus Words in Focus

pull out pull in pull over pull up

1. When a vehicle or driver _____________ somewhere, the vehicle stops there.

2. When a vehicle or driver ____________, the vehicle slows down and stops.

3. When a vehicle or driver _____________, the vehicle moves closer to the side of the road and stops there.

4. When a vehicle or driver _____________, the vehicle moves out into the road or nearer the centre of the road.

pulls in

pulls up

pulls over

pulls out

TranslationTranslation

disillusionI hate/I’m sorry to ~ you, but traveling in Tibet is not

always wonderful --- I was sick every day for two weeks.

我实在不愿把实情告诉你，但是……He’s very ~ed at the government’s handling of the

economy.

对……感到非常失望 / 不再抱有幻想If the king had hoped for peace, he was to be sadly

~ed.


我实在不愿把实情告诉你，但并非人人都像你那样诚实。

我不久便对这个计划不再抱幻想了。

我实在不愿把实情告诉你，但是他帮助你的真正原因是为了得到你的钱。

I hate to disillusion you, but not everyone is as honest as you.

I soon became disillusioned with the plan.

I hate to illusion you, but his real reason for helping you was that he was after your money.


PenetrateThe dust had ~d to all corners of the room.She could penetrate what I was thinking.

她能懂得我在想什么。The sunshine could not penetrate where the

trees were thickest.

阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。He had a false beard on, but we soon ~d his

disguise.


雨水透过了她的衣服渗进皮肤。

战争波及到了全国国民生活的各个领域。

今年这家公司一直试图打入新的海外市场。

None of my advice seems to have ~d his thick skull.

The rain had penetrated right through her clothes to her skin.

The war penetrates every area of the nation’s life.

This year the company has been trying to penetrate new overseas markets.

他那木瓜脑袋似乎一点也听不进我的劝告。


be inclined toSome people are ~ to jump to hasty

conclusions. I’m half ~ to believe you. They’ll be more ~ to listen if you don’t shout.He writes only when he feels ~ to.


她愿意相信他。他喜欢偷懒。我倾向于同意

你的观点。最近物价很可

能上涨。我倾向于相信

与传说相反之事。

She was inclined to trust him.

He is inclined to be lazy.

I’m inclined to agree with you.

Prices are inclined to rise recently.

I’m inclined to believe the counter of what was said.


with the aid ofHe was breathing only with the ~ of a

ventilator/an oxygen mask.He gets about with the ~ of a walking stick.The refugees could survive with the ~ of the

Red Cross charity.The students from the poverty-stricken area

could continue their education with the ~ of the fund.


to a degreeMost pop music is influenced, to a ~ , by the

blues. I think that’s true to a ~, but the situation is

not quite so simple.The boss sometimes follows his instinct to a

dangerous ~.To what ~ can parents be held responsible for

a child’s behavior?


hold on toHold onto the rope and don’t let go. The drowning man struggled to ~ on to a piece of

plank. We should ~ on to the house and sell it later when

prices are higher. She took an early lead in the race and held onto it for

nine laps. The old lady had only her religion to ~ onto when all

her family had gone.


风太大了，我一路上不得不用手抓着帽子。It was so windy that I had to ~ on to

my hat all the way along the street.把票拿好，一会用得着。Hold on to your ticket --- you’ll need

it later.我能把这本书再留一周吗？Can I ~ on to this book for another

week?


be all setI’m all ~, so we can go now.Are you all ~ for the journey?She seems ~ on/upon marrying him. I was all ~ to leave the house when the

telephone rang.The starter of a race often says: “On your

marks --- get set --- go!”


lead up toA row of lights ~s visitors up to the front

door. His flattering words led up to a request for

money. The newspapers faithfully reported the events

that led up to the Minister’s dismissal.In the months ~ing up to the great ceremony,

many people took part in the preparations.


你觉得他接下来会说些什么？What do you suppose he’s ~ing up

to?哪条路能通向山顶？Which path will ~ us up to the top of

the hill?你所说的一切表明这个人就是个白痴。All you have said leads up to the fact

that the man is an idiot.


peer at / through / intoHe ~ed at me over the top of his glasses.Even after ~ing at the letter, I still could not

recognize the signature.Excuse me for ~ing at you, but you are so like my

cousin.There’s a hole in the wall where you can ~ through.The driver was ~ing into the distance trying to read

the road sign.


overflow withThe streets were ~ing with the crowds.The pan ~ed with boiling milk.The room is ~ing with books.Her heart ~ed with love/gratitude.They were ~ing with emotion at the birth of

their baby.


1. 你有义务照顾她 (care) You are under obligation to care for her. 2. 他晚年饱受疾病和贫困的折磨。 (afflict) He was afflicted with the illness and poverty in his

later years.3. 我工作一做完就来找你们 . (through) As soon as I get through with my work I'll join you.4. 患近视的人不戴眼镜时常常眯起眼睛看人。

(peer) Near-sighted people often peer at you when they

are not wearing their glasses.


5. 他的生意日渐清淡。 (slacken)

His business begins to slacken. 工作完成前别松劲。 Don't slacken your efforts till the work is done.

6. 他们每隔 4 小时记录一次温度。 (interval)

They recorded the temperature at intervals of 4 hours.

Rain fell at intervals throughout the night.

雨断断续续地下了一整夜。

Textbook ExercisesTextbook Exercises

Grammar Exercises (pp. 110—111)

Integrated Skills (II) (pp. 111—112)

What does the word “but” mean?What does the word “but” mean?

I never go past my old school but I think of the old schoolmaster.

I could not choose but go.Nothing but disaster would come from

such a plan.There was never a new theory but

someone objected to it.He is not such a fool but he knows this.

他尽管笨，这个还是知道的。No one is so old but that he may learn.

我不得不去。

一……总会 / 就

What does the word “but” mean?What does the word “but” mean?

I don’t doubt but you are surprised.I don’t question but you are correct.Things will get into a mess but you will go

there.He was all but killed.I have written all my letters but one.He is anything but a scholar.It is nothing but a joke.There is no student but like Professor

Wang.

=that

只有……才能 /除非……否则他几乎被打死。

只差一封绝非，一点也不

不过是

=there is no student that does not like…

DifferentiationDifferentiation

torture vs afflict

weak vs frail

enter vs penetrate

jump, leap vs leap

torture vs afflict torture vs afflict

Torture implies the unbearable pain or suffering, either physically or mentally.

-- Shocking and detailed accounts have emerged of how the detainee was tortured to death the prison guards.

Afflict applies to the causing of any pain or suffering or of acute annoyance, embarrassment, or any distress. (anto: comfort)

--The old man was afflicted with arthritis. （患关节炎） -- Severe drought has afflicted the countryside. （受害）

weak vs frail weak vs frail

Both adjectives can mean “not strong enough to endure strain, pressure, or strenuous effort”.

Weak, the broader one, basically implies a lack or inferiority of physical, mental, or moral strength

--a weak muscle / mind / character/ foundation/ excuse

Frail suggests an inherent or constitutional delicacy or weakness, so as to be easily broken or shattered

--a frail body / conscience

--It seemed impossible that these frail boats could survive in such a storm.

enter vs penetrate enter vs penetrate Enter is the more general of the two. It may imply

either going in or forcing a way in.

--I saw him enter the room and unlock the drawer.

Penetrate carries a strong implication of an impelling force or compelling power that achieves entrance.

--This fungus has the ability to penetrate deep into the center of large trees. --The headlamps penetrated the fog.

--Nothing we say penetrates his thick skull!

无论我们说什麽他都不懂。

jump, leap vs hobble jump, leap vs hobble

Jump, the most general one, refer to the movement of springing or bounding upward from or as if from the ground.

--The burglar jumped out of the window when he heard the footsteps.

If you leap, you jump high in the air or jump a long distance.

--The salmon leaped out of water and landed on the shore.

DictationDictation

With the invention of the radio, / newspaper publishers wondered / how broadcasting would affect them. / Many feared / that the radio as a quick and easy means of keeping people informed / would displace the newspaper industry altogether. /

Others hoped / that the brief newscast heard on the air / would stimulate listeners' interest in the story / so they'd buy the paper to get more information. / This second idea turned out to be closer to the truth. / Radio and print actually supported each other. / However, this is not always the case. / Take television and motion pictures for example. / With the popularization of TV, / the motion pictures suffered greatly. / Movie attendance dropped / when people chose to stay at home and be entertained.

HomeworkHomework

Presentation TopicDo you believe in power of belief? Please

illustrate your point with examples.

Thank you.

Great opportunities to help others seldom come, but small ones surround us every day.

unit 8 fourteen steps hal manwaring lesson 1: contents word study 1 background 2 warm-up 3

Documents

crippled slide

jerk jack slide

meaning use peninsula

jack horn slide

splitlevel townhouse

penetrative gust slide

light switch slide

slashed slashing slide