unit 8 daydream a little college english enter pre-reading activities expressions & patterns...

Unit 8 Daydream a Little

College English

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Pre-reading Activities

Expressions & Patterns Exercises

Text Analysis

Warm-up Questions

How to applying to our real life the typical expressions and patterns

All the exercisesfor the text

Main idea and Structure

I. Pre-reading Activities: Warm-up Questions

Acquaint yourself with some relevant information

1. Why do people take a hostile attitude towards daydreaming?

2. What happens if a person is not allowed to dream in his sleep?

3. What are the benefits of daydreaming according to researchers?

4. What is the procedure of creative daydreaming ?

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Key to question 1 ：

Because they think that daydreaming is a waste of time, an escape from real life and its duties.


He becomes tense and anxious. He becomes irritable. He has trouble concentrating and his mental health is temporarily damaged. In short, he cannot get the benefits of rest.

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-It’s a good means of relaxation and important to mental health;

-It contributes to intellectual growth;

-It improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get

along with others;

-It leads children to pay more attention to detail;

-It makes children feel happier and work together better.

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Key to question 4 ：-Choose a time when you can be alone and undisturbed;

-Close your eyes;

-Let your imagination soar freely;

-Picture yourself as vividly as possible the way you want to be;

-Picture your desired goals as if you had already attained them;

-Go over all the details of the picture;

-See them clearly and sharply;

-Impress them strongly on your memory. back

II. Words andWords and Expressions

hostile

interfere with

benefit

means

contribute to

get along/on with

maintain

go over

recommend

go about

goal

affect

substitute view as

achievement

be after

neglect

amount to

due to

turn into

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hostile ： unfriendly; showing a great amount of dislike

不友善的，怀敌意的

Eg. --Don’t be hostile to new ideas and changes.

--You can’t blame your son for being so hostile towards you

after the way you treated him.

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neglect: give too little care or attention to

忽略，忽视；疏忽，玩忽

Eg. –The manager criticized Bill for neglecting his duties.

--The house has been neglected and it is in a terrible

condition.

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achievement: the act or fact of achieving; the thing achieved

成就，成绩

Eg. –It’s only the achievement of these goals that will finally

bring lasting peace.

-A man’s achievements depend not only on his opportunities

but also on the way he uses his opportunities.

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benefit: advantage; help; things that produces good results

利益好处；优势

Eg. –Rebuilding the canal has brought many benefits to our

national economy.

-I am a great believer in the benefits of doing Taijiquan.

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means: a method or way

方式，方法

Eg. –The helicopter is a very good means of transportation,

since it is free to go almost anywhere.

-The quickest means of travel is by plane.

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substitute: a person or thing acting in place of another

替代品，替代物，替代人

Eg. -Guesswork is no substitute for investigation.

-There is no substitute for practical experience.

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maintain: continue to believe and claim (that a fact, opinion, etc. is true)

保持，维持，使继续

Eg. –Many Americans maintain that vitamin C helps to cure

their cold though there is no definite medical proof.

-The widening gap between the rich and the poor, some

people maintain, is responsible for their rising crime rate.

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recommend: advise or suggest; speak favorably of

推荐，介绍；建议，劝告

Eg. –Your blood pressure is a little too high. I would recommend

limiting the amount of fat and salt in your diet.

-Our English teacher recommended us to buy an

English-English dictionary.

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goal: what one wants to do or succeed in; propose; aim

目标，目的

Eg. –Their goal was to land a man on the moon and they

made it.

-There are many goals to achieve in one’s life and continued

efforts are the key to attaining them.

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affect: have an effect on

影响，对…产生作用

Eg. –Computers have profoundly affected the way we

communicate with one another.

-He is quite clear that his decision will affect a large number

of people.

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be after: be in pursuit of, seek, try to obtain

追赶，寻找

Eg. –I know what you are after: a comfortable and well-paid job,

but I must warn you that it will be a waste of your talent.

-Many young men are after Mary because she is clever as

well as pretty.

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go over: consider, examine; review

仔细检查，复习，润色

Eg. –Let’s go over everything and find out where the trouble is.

--I went over the figures five times, but always came to the

same total.

--Beth always takes careful notes so that she may go over

them after class.

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amount to: develop into

有所成就，有所作为

Eg. –If you go on like this, you will never amount to anything.

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view as: think of…as; regard …as

把……看作

Eg.-computers a re viewed as a great technological improvement

which saves people much time and energy.

-She viewed his behavior as an insult.

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interfere with: be an obstacle to, hinder, affect

妨碍，干扰

Eg. –I hope that this misunderstanding will not interfere with

our friendship.

--The noise from the street interferes with my studies.

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contribute to: help to bring to

有助于，为……出力

Eg. –Your timely help contributed greatly to our success.

--I am sure your suggestions will contribute to solving the

problem.

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get along/on with: form or have a relationship with

友好相处，和睦相处

Eg. –Do you get along well with your classmates?

--He is kind, friendly easy to get along with.

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due to: caused by

因为，由于，归因于

Eg. –The accident was due to his careless use of the gun.

--His absence was due to the heavy snow.

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turn into: cause sb. Or sth. to change into sb. Or sth. Different

变成，使变成

Eg. –He is trying to invent a device to turn the sun’s heat into

electricity.

--They have turned much barren land into fertile fields.

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go about: start working on, do

着手做，从事

Eg.-It’s an easy job if you go about it the right way.

-To learn English well is no easy matter. We must go about it

earnestly.

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Main Idea of Each Part

Part ⅠPart Ⅰ

Part ⅡPart Ⅱ

Part ⅢPart Ⅲ

Main Idea & Structure

Main IdeaMain Idea

StructureStructure

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Ⅲ. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Structure

What is the text mainly about?

Daydreaming has always had a bad reputation, but now scientific research has revealed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals.

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How is the text organized?

The passage is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author makes it clear that people’s former attitudes towards daydreaming are changing. The second part serves as a explanation part, relating that daydreaming may also be important to mental health. The third part comes to the suggestion. The author tells people how to use daydreaming in the right way.

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Part 1 (Paras. 1-4)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.

Part 2 (Para. 5-11)Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to mental health.

Part 3 (Paras. 12-14)Now picture yourself –as vividly as possible –the way you want to be.

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Part I (Paras. 1-

4)

Part I (Paras. 1-

4)

Part IIPart II

Part IIIPart III

Main idea?

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to mental health.

Devices for developing it?

Analogy ( 类比法 )back


Part II (Para. 5-

11)

Part II (Para. 5-

11)

Part IPart I

Part IIIPart III

Main idea?

Daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others.


illustration ( 例证法 )

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Part III (Para. 12-

14)

Part III (Para. 12-

14)

Part IPart I

Part IIPart II

Main idea?

Now picture yourself –as vividly as possible –the way you want to be. Remember to picture your desired goals as if you had already attained them.


Specific-general( 分总法 )

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Ⅳ. Exercises

ComprehensionComprehension 《大学英语3》 P. 171

VocabularyVocabulary 《大学英语 3 》 P. 173

《大学英语 3 》 P. 174

TranslationTranslation 《大学英语 3 》 P.177

CollocationCollocation

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SummarySummary 《大学英语 3 》 P. 177

Ⅳ. Exercises----Translation

Translate the following into English

1. 如果你每晚开夜车工作，身体必然会受影响。 (affect)

If you stay late working every night, your health will surely be affected.

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2. 即使你是班上最好的学生之一，要保住成绩也得常常

温习功课才行。 (maintain)

Even you are one of the best students in class, in order to maintain your grades you must review your lessons often.

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3. 人们常把美国看成是一个不同民族的大熔炉。

(melting pot) (view)

The united states is often viewed as a melting pot of different nationalities.

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4. 情况确实如此，有些人一生中很早就能获得成功，

而另一些人则要工作很长时间方能实现自己的目

标。 (attain)

It is true that some people achieve success very early in life, while others must work a long time before attaining their goals.

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5. 他坚持认为这次实验的失败主要由于准备不足

(inadequate) 。 (maintain, due to)

He maintained that the failure of the experiment was largely due to inadequate preparation.

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6. 如今研究人员提倡我们应该每天花些时间将自己想要

达到的目标投射到心灵的屏幕上。 (affect)

Researchers now recommend that we take time every day to protect our desired goals onto the screen in our minds.

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Ⅳ. Exercises----Comprehension

Choose the best answer for each of the following.

1. Researchers have learned that it is so benefit to

one’s health to .

a. daydream

b. dream in one’s sleep

c. dream no dream

d. both a and b

d

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2. According to some researchers, positive daydreaming may give people .

a. a chance to escape from real life

b. poor mental health

c. a better understanding of others

d. improved concentration and greater creativity

d

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3. The author believed that by imagining success we may .

a. improve our nervous system

b. learn to be happy with failure

c. be helped to attain our goals

d. overcome our health problems

c

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4. In the opinion of Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, the way we imagine ourselves is often the way .

a. we end up

b. we are defeated

c. we achieve success

d. we drift

a

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Ⅳ. Exercises-----Comprehension

5. Dr. Maxwell Maltz explains that constructive daydreaming helps to .

a. relieve a person of all tensions and problems

b. implant positive memory traces in the brain

c. turn an imagined experience into a real one

d. all of above

b

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a. You dream about becoming a table tennis champion and play table tennis every chance you get.

b. You plan to be swimming champion. In your daydreams you can almost feel and smell the water and hear the cheering crowd as you pull ahead of the other swimmers.

c. You daydream about becoming a concert pianist, so much so that you have little time for practice sessions.

d. You daydream before each competition in an effort to achieve a winning feeling.

6. Which of the following statements describes a poor use of daydreaming .c

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Ⅳ. Exercises-----Comprehension

7. Daydreaming alone .

a. can lead you to the attainment of your goals

b. will get you nowhere

c. will enable you to do well at school

d. will ensure you success in life

b

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a. A little once in a long while

b. A great deal once in a long while

c. A little each day

d. A great deal each day

8. Researchers think it advisable to daydream .c

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Ⅳ. Exercises----Vocabulary

Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.

1. No one trusts Felix, for he is never punctual ( 准时的 ) and often his duty.

2. Greater efforts are needed before we can our goal of economic reform( 改革 ) 。

affect project shape neglect interfere with attain hostile appropriately escape contribute to

neglects

attain

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3. I hope you ___ not ___ his work.

4. As it turned out, the speaker was shouted down by ___

crowd.

5. The events that occurred in his childhood _____ his

whole life.

6. He finally succeed in ______ the two graphs( 曲线图 )

onto the same screen with an overhead projector( 投影仪 ) 。

7. Young children may run around and make a lot of noise.

Actually, they are acting _____ for their age.

shaped

projecting

appropriately

hostile

interfere withwill

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8. For him reading novels was an _______ from his harsh realities of his time.9. There is doubt that these measures ______ the solution of the problem.10. Johnny has been warned time and again that reading in bed _______ his eyesight, but he just won’t listen.


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will affect

will contribute to

escape

Ⅳ. Exercises----Collocation

Use the verb in brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb and complete the sentence with it.

1. I’ve been assigned a lot of work. I must _________ it right

away or I’ll fall behind my schedule. (go)

2. Little did Susan _____________ getting a chance to pay a visit to the Great wall one day. (dream)

3. Lanny has made it a rule to __________ a couple of hours on Sundays for reviewing the lessons he learned during the week.

(set)

go about

set aside

dream of

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4. My nephew does everything so carelessly that I don’t see

how he can ever _______________ much. (amount)

5. Mrs. Bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise

outside should ______________ her son’s sleep. (interfere)

6. You _______________ the speed limit. Slow down a bit or

you’ll be fined. (go)

7. A medal was awarded to Otto’s uncle, for he _________ richly __________ the war effort. (contribute)

have gone beyond

Interfere with

amount to

to

had contributed

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8. It remains unknown how the cabinet ___________ the

American proposal. (react)

9. I wrote to ask him how he ____________ his colleagues.

(get)

was getting along with

reacted to

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Ⅳ. Summary----Cloze

Fill in the missing words or phrases.

You are sitting in a classroom on a warm day, listening to a history lecture. But the windows are ______(1)______, and outdoors the birds are _____(2)_____and the trees are budding. The urge to gaze out of the ___(3)______is irresistible, and you think of ___(4)_____ it would like to be out there, _s______(5)___ in the grass, relaxing, chatting with a friend _____(6)____the sunlight…Then the professor stops her discussion of the Roman Empire to __(7)_____,”Mr. Smith, just what is __s___(8)___interesting out of the window?” Suddenly, you are startled back to __r__(9)__. Only what is it, exactly, __t___(10)___ you have come back from.

open

signing

windowwhat

sitting

say

in

so

reality

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Ⅳ. Summary----Cloze

Fill in the missing words or phrases.

It was ___(11)_____exactly that there was a specific thing

out of the window that interested you. Rather, the mood of

the spring day set you off into __d____(12)_____.

Daydreaming and fantasy are not quite the __s__(13)___.

Fantasy is more self-directed . In a daydream, your

t___(14)___wander unconsciously in unexpected directions.

not

daydreaming

same

thoughts

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unit 8 daydream a little college english enter pre-reading activities expressions & patterns...

Documents

structure slide

expressions achievement

expressions benefit

expressions neglect

expressions hostile

typical expressions

relevant information

benefits of daydreaming