Unit 7—Chapters 12 – 13 The Cold War

CSS 11.8, 11.9, 11.11

Part OneThe Cold War in America 11.8.5, 11.9.3, 11.9.4

EQ 1: How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?

The Second Red Scare

• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 1949• feared foreign agents were

working to subvert America • helped build career of Richard

M. Nixon of CA

• Alger Hiss (State Dept.) tried twice for espionage and imprisoned for perjury

• claimed he was innocent until he died in 1996

The Second Red Scare

• Truman created a Loyalty Review Board in 1947

• loyalty oath and background check on people in anti-democratic groups that advocated violence• communist groups and unions• 3 million employees investigated—3,000

resigned/fired• in 1950, Congress gave Truman the

authority to detain “suspicious people”• Truman vetoed it• McCarran Internal Security Act, 1950

• Smith Act, 1940• illegal to advocate, teach, or support

violence in overthrowing the government• this meant communism and the Supreme

Court back it up

The Second Red Scare

• Blacklisting• HUAC investigated

communism in Hollywood unions

• “Hollywood Ten” refused to testify and were banned from working

• over 300 directors/actors denied employment

• some turned in names of potential communists

• Ronald Reagan, Walt Disney, Elia Kazan (1999)

Charlie Chaplin Harry BelafonteLloyd Bridges Arthur MillerZero Mostel Orson Welles

Hollywood Ten

• Alvah Bessie • Herbert J. Biberman • Lester Cole • Edward Dmytryk • Ring Lardner, Jr. • John Howard Lawson • Albert Maltz • Samuel Ornitz • Adrian Scott • Dalton Trumbo

Big Brother is watching

The Second Red Scare

• Joseph McCarthy• Wisconsin senator held up a

“list” of 250 employees of State Dept. who were communists

• it was a blank piece of paper• claimed that Truman was

doing little or nothing to stop it

• became one of the most powerful men in Washington

• set off 2nd red scare, until 1954 when McCarthy became unpopular

The Second Red Scare

• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg• Americans feared espionage

led to rapid Soviet development of A-Bomb

• US developed A-Bomb in 1945 • Soviets get A-Bomb in 1949• US developed H-Bomb in 1952 • Soviets get H-Bomb in 1953

• executed Rosenbergs for espionage/treason

The Second Red Scare

• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1947• conducts secret

operations outside the US• assassination

attempts

• intelligence gathering (espionage)

• Dot Game

The Arms Race

• H-Bomb, 1952• the hydrogen bomb was

the first thermonuclear explosion• took place in the Marshall

Islands• 450 times Nagasaki• vaporized an entire island,

leaving behind a crater more than a mile wide

The Arms Race

• Mutual Assured Destruction (M.A.D.)• deterrence was knowing

that if we tried to kill them we would also die

• “First strike capability” meant the ability to destroy the enemy before they could strike back

• “Second strike capability” meant the ability to strike back before being destroyed

“The Peacekeeper”

• Nuke Websites

The Arms Race

• Sputnik, 1957• first man-made

satellite• circled the globe

every 96 minutes for 92 days

• created “missile gap” because Soviets were ahead in arms race and space race

The Arms Race

• National Defense Education Act• US emphasizes math

and science to close the “space gap”• October Sky

The Arms Race

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 1958• the arms race became

the space race• initial American failures

made Americans fear we were falling behind the USSR

• JFK promised in 1961 to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s

• Turtle Video

EQ 1:

• How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?