UNIT 7CHAPTER 24 – WWII: THE ROAD TO

WARCHAPTER 25 – WWII: THE AMERICANS AT WAR

WORLD WAR II

America: Pathways to the Present

Section 1: The Rise of Dictators

Section 2: Europe Goes to War

Section 3: Japan Builds an Empire

Section 4: From Isolationism to War

Chapter 24: World War II: The Road to War (1931–1941)

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES

George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880)

#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)William McKinley; Republican (1896)Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)

CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes & consequences of World War II and the impact the war had on American society.

Objective 7.1: How did Fascist, Communists, and Totalitarian governments rise to power in the 1930’s?

CHAPTER 24 SECTION 1 THE RISE OF DICTATORS

Dictators in the Soviet Union, Italy, and Germany formed brutal totalitarian governments in the 1920s and 1930s. They were motivated by their political beliefs and desire for power

IDEOLOGIES FASCISM

totalitarian political rule where devotion to country is important and individual rights are suppressed

SOCIALISM A socialist economic system would consist of a system of production and

distribution organized to directly satisfy economic demands and human needs, so that goods and services would be produced directly for use instead of for private profit. Nationalism is usually used to achieve this goal.

COMMUNISM economic policy driven to create a classless society where workers control

means of production. Oftentimes, Socialism is just a transitional stage on the road to communism

CAPITALISM a free market economic system based on the private ownership of means of

production, with the goal of making a profit

DEMOCRACY form of government in which allows citizens to participate, either directly or

through elected representatives, in the proposal, development, and creation of laws

TOTALITARIAN FASCISM During the 1930s, totalitarian governments

gained power in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. These governments rise due to poverty and

unstable governments of the 1920’sThese governments exerted total control over a

nation, using terror to suppress individual rights and silence all opposition.

Adolf Hitler (Germany) and Benito Mussolini (Italy) ruled with a philosophy called FASCISM: emphasizes the importance of the nation and the authority of a leader.

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GOVERNMENT COMPARISON

COMMUNISM FACISM

No leader, directed directly by the people. (not used)

Abolished - all religion rejected

Calls for the fall of capitalism

No private ownership, everything is commonly owned

One leader has absolute authority and is symbol of the state.

The state only supports religions that are tied to that state

Private ownership is allowed but directed by state

STALIN’S ECONOMIC PLANS Stalin approved state takeover of farmland

(collectivization) resulted in a dramatic fall in agricultural production as

well as mass starvation.

Stalin poured money into industrialization (creating factories) rather than basic necessities such as housing and

clothing. They produced iron, steel, oil, coal Millions of rural labors were assigned to factories

Due to Stalin’s policies, the Soviet Union soon became a modern industrial power, although one with a low standard of living. WRITE

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PURGES & TERROR To eliminate opposition, Stalin

began a series of purges the removal of enemies and undesirable

individuals from positions of power.

The Great Purge occurred in 1934 Stalin’s purges extended to all levels of

society. 1 million were either executed & millions

more were sent to forced labor camps.

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Nearly all of those purged by Stalin were innocent. However, these purges

successfully eliminated all threats to Stalin’s power.

Stalin Biography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=e_2of8pmHYU

FASCISM IN ITALY Benito Mussolini gained power in Italy both by advocating

the popular idea of a return of a Roman Empire He used a fascist army, called the black shirts to terrorize and

control opposition After threatening overthrow, king appointed him prime

minister

Mussolini, calling himself Il Duce, suspended elections, outlawed other political parties, and established a dictatorship in 1922. Mussolini’s rule improved the ailing Italian economy.

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Soon the Italian army conquered the African nation of Ethiopia in May 1935.

HITLER’S RISE TO POWER The Nazi Party: Hitler joined (1919) and soon led the Nazi

Party in Germany (1921). Nazism, was a form of fascism shaped by Hitler’s fanatical ideas

about German nationalism and racial superiority.

Mein Kampf: While imprisoned for trying to take over the government in November 1923, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”). He proposed that Germany defy the Versailles Treaty by

rearming and reclaiming lost land. He also blamed minority groups, especially Jews, for Germany’s

weaknesses.

Hitler Becomes Chancellor: Hitler placed 2nd to Paul von Hindenburg in 1932 presidential

election, soon became chancellor He moved to suppress many German freedoms and gave himself

the title Der Führer, or “the leader” when Hindenburg dies in 1934

Used Nazi troops, brown shirts, to silence opposition

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GERMAN EXPANSION Unemployment disappeared, industry prospered, and

Depression in Germany ended in 1936 as Nazi govt. put every citizen to work on public works projects

Hitler believed Germans needed more territory, or lebensraum (living space) Saw expansion as a way to bolster national pride Main goal became conquest of eastern Europe

On March 7, 1936, German troops entered the Rhineland, a region that the Versailles Treaty explicitly banned them from occupying. However, neither Britain nor France took any action.

In 1936, Hitler and Mussolini signed an alliance. Germany, Italy, and later Japan, became known as the Axis Powers.

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APPEASEMENT In March 1938,

Germany took over Austria. Several months later,

Hitler demanded the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia.

Appeasement is giving into demands in order to keep the peace British Prime

Minister Neville Chamberlain agreed to allow Hitler to occupy the Sudetenland.

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Hitler Biography: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=iuikQXAYVAk

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How did leaders of Italy, Russia, and Germany gain power in the 1920’s and 30’s?Fear and intimidation (Black shirts, Brown shirts, purges)

The wanted to solve their countries problems through conquest (Ethiopia, Austria)

THE RISE OF DICTATORS—ASSESSMENTWhich of the following describes one way in which the policies of Hitler and Mussolini were similar?

(A) Both were allies of Britain and France. (B) Both believed in freedom of speech.(C) Both wanted to expand their nations’ territory. (D) Both thought the treaty of Versailles humiliated

Germany.

Which of these best describes appeasement? (A) Rebelling against a government(B) Industrializing a rural economy(C) Giving into a competitor’s demands in order to avoid

war(D) Rearming a nation in anticipation of expansion

THE RISE OF DICTATORS—ASSESSMENTWhich of the following describes one way in which the policies of Hitler and Mussolini were similar?

(A) Both were allies of Britain and France. (B) Both believed in freedom of speech.(C) Both wanted to expand their nations’ territory. (D) Both thought the treaty of Versailles humiliated

Germany.

Which of these best describes appeasement? (A) Rebelling against a government(B) Industrializing a rural economy(C) Giving into a competitor’s demands in order to

avoid war(D) Rearming a nation in anticipation of expansion