unit 6: causes of the civil war through reconstruction chapter 14: a violent choice – civil war,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 6: Causes of the Civil War Through Reconstruction
Chapter 14: A Violent Choice – Civil War, 1861-1865
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The Union & Confederacy, 1861
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Northern Advantages
Wealthy – better able to finance the war
Strong industrial base
Larger population
Superior Navy
Extensive railroad network
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Southern Advantages
Vast in size, making it difficult to conquer
Fought a defensive war on its home territory
Group of experienced & skilled military commanders
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North vs. South
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Immigrants
as a %of a
State’sPopulation
in1860
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Resources: North and South
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Railroad Lines, 1860
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Union Strategies
Anaconda PlanNaval blockade to shut
out supplies from Europe; eventually was effective
Campaign to take the Mississippi River, which would split the South in two
The taking of several strategic points, which would require huge armies to apply pressure on the Confederacy
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The Anaconda Plan
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The Diplomatic Front
Southerners thought that the British & French, driven by their desire for cotton, would intervene on the South’s behalfConfederates prohibited the export of
cotton in order to hasten British & French intervention
British were successful in finding alternative sources of cotton
British public opinion opposed slavery
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The Diplomatic Front
Northern leaders took a hard line warning Europeans not to interfere
Europeans remained neutral
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The Diplomatic Front
The Trent IncidentNov. 1861 Union leaders
stopped the British ship, Trent, & removed Confederate emissaries
British were outraged, viewing it as a violation of their rights on the seas
Lincoln peacefully resolved the situation
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Battle of Antietam: Bloodiest Day of the War
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
•First major battle fought on Union territory (Maryland)•Ended in a draw, but Confederates retreated•Gave Lincoln confidence to issue the E.P.
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The Emancipation Proclamation
•“Freed” the slaves in the South, but not in the border states•Strengthened the north’s moral cause•Helped rally anti-slavery support in Europe
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Emancipation in 1863
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The Union & Blacks/Slaves
The initial purpose of the war was to “save the Union”
The idea of ending slavery was difficult for Lincoln Racism in the North Border states were slave states Slavery was constitutional Re-election in 1864?
Summer 1862 Congress authorized A-As to fight in the armed forces
By issuing the E.P., slavery became the official cause of the war
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African Americans in Civil War Battles
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The 54th Massachusetts
First black regiment recruited in the North
Protested unequal pay
Lead the assault on Battery Wagner in Charleston Harbor but lost (July 1863)
Proved that blacks could fight
The 54th Massachusetts Infantry attacking Fort Wagner July, 1863
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Battle of Gettysburg (July 1863)
Lee attempted but failed to invade the North; victory by the south would have ended the war
Union soldiers won the 3-day battle, but casualties were high
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The Gettysburg Address
Lincoln’s address at the dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery, Nov. 19,
1863
•Lincoln & others assembled here to dedicate a plot of land that would become a soldier’s cemetery
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Instituting the Draft
Initially, the North relied on volunteers, but few volunteered by 1863
Congress passed the first Conscription Act in 1863
The rich hired substitutes to go in their place & paid $300
With the burden of the war falling on the urban poor, many protested the draft & became violent – New York City Draft Riots (July 1863)
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NYC Draft Riots July 13-16, 1863
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Election of 1864
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Sherman’s March to the SeaAfter capturing Atlanta,
General Sherman began a “scorched-earth” campaign with an objective of reaching SavannahDestroyed industry,
infrastructure, & civilian property
Plantations were burned, crops destroyed, & stores of food pillaged
Beginning of the end for the Confederacy
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End of the War
Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox on April 9, 1865
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Casualties of the War
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Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars
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Extensive Legislation Passed Without the South in Congress
Morrill Tariff Act – 1861
Homestead Act – 1862
Legal Tender Act – 1862
Morrill Land Grant College Act – 1862
Pacific Railway Act - 1863