unit 5 - plants and animals are interdependent. living things and the environment organism – a...
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Unit 5 - Plants and Animals are Interdependent
Living Things and the EnvironmentOrganism – a living thing
All organisms need the following things to live, grow, and reproduce:◦Food◦Water◦Shelter◦Energy source
Habitat: The environment that provides these things. A PLACE in which an organism lives.
Living Things and the EnvironmentNiche - The ROLE of an organism
in its community or environment.◦The niche includes the type of food
the organism eats, how it obtains food, and which other organisms use the organism as food.
Biotic vs Abiotic FactorsBiotic factors - the living things in
an ecosystemAbiotic factors – the non-living
things in an ecosystem
Levels of Organization ReviewCells - The smallest living parts of an organism.
Tissues - large groups of cells all doing the same job.
Organs - groups of tissues that work together to do a job.
Organ system - A group of organs that work together to perform a major function in a plant or animal.
Organism - an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
And the levels continue!
Levels of Organization Cont’d Population – a group of organisms of
the same species living in an ecosystem
Community – the living part of an ecosystem; all the populations that live together in the same area
Ecosystem – all the interactions and relationships of organisms with one another and with their physical environment within a certain area. ◦ An ecosystem can be as small as a drop
of rain water or as large as the an ocean. ◦ It is several small communities
interacting with each other. Biome – a group of land ecosystems
with similar climates and organisms Biosphere - the sphere or area around
the planet Earth where life exists
Levels of Organization
Carrying Capacity and Limiting Factors
Carrying Capacity - the largest population (amount) of an organism that can live in one area.
Limiting Factors - An environmental factor that limits the growth of a population
ABIOTIC FACTORS - abiotic factors can act as LIMITING FACTORS that keep a population at a certain level• desert environment -- hot temperature and little water
are examples of limiting factors • different species living in the desert are LIMITED
mainly to those types of plants and animals that need very little water and can survive extreme temperatures
BIOTIC FACTORS - biotic factors interact with other living organisms and the physical environment and can also be LIMITING FACTORS
◦ disease (bacteria), predators, food resources
Brain Break1. Stand Up.2. Start by waving your right hand in front of you
left to right. Your palm should be facing away from you while keeping your hand with your fingers pointing up.
3. Now stop that hand and have your left hand in front of you waving it up and down.
4. Now practice moving them at the SAME TIME. Do not move your hands going diagonally.
5. Now switch to have your right hand up and down and your left hand left and right. Do this faster and switch often to make it more difficult.
6. Lastly, to increase the difficulty, have your arms crossed while doing this.
Energy Roles in EcosystemsEach of the organisms in an
ecosystem fills the energy role of a:◦Producer◦Consumer◦Decomposer
Producer/Autotroph (PLANTS)Energy enters most ecosystems as sunlight. Sunlight is captured by the leaves of plants and is stored as sugar for energy.
A producer is an organism that captures energy from light and makes food with that energy.
Examples: trees, plants, flowers
Consumer/Heterotroph Consumers - an organism that
consumes or eats other living things to get energy.◦Herbivore – eat plants only◦Omnivores – eat plants and animals◦Carnivores – eat animals only
Scavenger - carnivore that eats dead organisms
DecomposerDecomposers - break down waste
and dead organisms into more basic parts and returns the raw materials to the ecosystem.
Brain BreakThumb WarThumb War is easy: Simply lock fingers
together and then tap alternately with your thumbs to the chant: "One, two, three, four, I declare a thumb war".
Then you can get started with the war. The first person to pin the others thumb
down for three seconds so they can't move it is declared the winner.
Food Chains and Webs Video ClipFood chains and food webs show
the movement of energy through an ecosystem.
Food ChainFood Chain - is a series of events
in which one organism/species eats another and obtains energy.
Food WebFood web - consists of many
overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.
Energy PyramidEnergy pyramid - shows the amount of
energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web.◦Energy and matter are constantly being
cycled.The most energy is available at the
producer level (at the bottom) of the pyramid.
As you move up the pyramid, each level has less energy available than the level below.◦This means less animals are able to survive.
Energy pyramid
The Carbon and Oxygen Cycle
Water is essential for life. It makes up about 70% of our universe and our bodies.
2 of the other substances that are also necessary for survival are:◦ Carbon◦ Oxygen
They continue in a cycle. Remember the photosynthesis and respiration cycle?
The Carbon Cycle or The Circle of Life
What is the Carbon Cycle?The carbon cycle is a process in which carbon
atoms are cycled through plants, animals and the earth’s soil, water, and atmosphere.
As a simple example, plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and use it for photosynthesis.
Animals then eat the plants and use the carbon to build their own tissues.
These animals return carbon dioxide into the air when they breathe, and then, when they die, carbon returns to the soil during decomposition.
New plants or small microorganisms then use the carbon atoms, starting the cycle all over again.
Above from Brain Pop Carbon Cycle
You are what you eat!
What is Biomass?The total mass of living matter within
a given unit of environmental area.◦ Plant material, vegetation, or agricultural
waste used as a fuel or energy source.
Why is there more biomass in some parts of Idaho or the US than others?