AP EURO

Unit #5 – Nationalism of 19th Century

PPT #506Family and Science

(Lesson 8 from the book)

Essential Questions

15. In what way did society change during this post-industrial era?

16. What caused this shift in perspective and life?

Illegitimacy Explosion

• Arranged marriages replaced with romantic couplings

• Illegitimate births on the rise

• 1/3 of all births

• 1/3 of all marriages – the bride was pregnant

• Why?...

• Birth control available

• Prostitution common

Gender Roles and early feminism

What was new role of women?

What caused this change?

• Industrialization had created separate spheres

• Rigid division of labor

• Women faced huge discrimination in work place

• Good jobs off limits

• Married women subordinated to their husbands

• Women lacked legal rights

• Discrimination in Education

• Still not allowed in University

The Home

• Women ruled the home• Husbands earned the “family wage” – living wage demanded

by labor unions• Then women decided how that money would be spent• European women spent whole day in preparation for family

– Full time managers of food, kids, and cleaning (dirt is now the enemy) – <<ANAGRET FUSS>>

– Working class women wanted to be like their higher counter parts

– Willing to feed husbands meat while she at just bread

– Goal: create a “HOME SWEET HOME” (1870s)

– Pride in well-kept home

– Married couples –affection and friendships

Child RearingWhy did parents less love kids• Previously – so many babies died• Moms avoided emotional ties• (too heartbreaking when they died, which

was a majority of the time)What changed?• Post-industrial

– Babies survived– Moms let themselves love their kids– Women became doting mothers– Fathers encouraged to be silly and fun– Fewer illegitimate – fewer abandoned to foundling– Had fewer kids by choice – loved each more

Child Rearing

• Smaller families

• 1860s – six kids / couple

• 1890s – four

• 1920s – two (or three)

• Goal: provide WELL for each kid

• Felt need to provide opportunities

• Contraceptives used for family planning

• Intense expectations for kids

– Diet, clothing, games, even sleeping highly regulated

Impact of Science on Industry

• Science had been very theoretical

• Post-industrial science was more practical– Led to improved living conditions

• Thermodynamics – study of heat and energy

• Led to LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

• (energy can not be created or destroyed, only converted)

• Dmitri Mendeleev – periodic table 1869

• Russian chemist – codified atomic numbers and weights

Charles Darwin – Natural Selection

Social Science• They studied massive amount of data• Conclusions based on data• To discover laws of human natureWhat does it appear they discovered?

Herbert Spencer – “survival of fittest”• The poor were unworthy of wealth

– Unlucky and weak– The wealthy were strong and “chosen”– SOCIAL DARWINISM

What group would support him?Why?

Realism in Literature

• Depicted life just as it was

• Fiction based on “every day” life

• Rejected romanticism

Great Migration

• (we’ll do this later…)