Unit 5

Beginnings• The “Rus” • Viking traders• Kiev – first Russian

civilzation• Invasion and

Conquest by the Mongols

• Russian Princes = Mongol tax collectors

Viking Trade Routes

Ancient Kiev – the first “Russian” civilization

The Mongol Empire

Princes of Muscovy• Tax collectors to Mongols• Powerful city-state

Ivan III (The Great)• Overthrew Mongol control• Tsar (Czar) = Ceasar• “Third Rome”• Byzantine influences

Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)• Expanded the Russian Empire

Peter the Great• Westernization and

modernization Ivan IVIvan IV

Russian Revolution 1917• WWI• Lenin and Communists

(Bolsheviks)• Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics (USSR aka Soviet Union)

• Civil War – Reds versus Whites

Josef Stalin• Collectivization• Human-induced famine• Exterminated Kulaks

WWII• German Invasion of Russia• Russia bore brunt of war

The Cold War• Xenophobia• Satellite countries

Josef StalinJosef Stalin

The Human Cost of WWII in Europe

Each flag = 100,000 dead soldiersEach skull = 100,000 civilian deadEach Star of David = 100, 000 Jewish dead

Soviet Satellite Nations

PolandRomaniaBulgariaEast GermanyCzechoslovakiaHungary Other European Communist Nations

YugoslaviaAlbania

• The Fall of the Soviet Union 1991

• The Russian Federation• Democracy or

dictatorship?• Former Soviet satellite

states – what now?

Vladimir Putin

Chechnya• Muslim• Two Russian invasions• Terrorism• Beslan

Georgia Armenia versus

Azerbaijan