UNIT 4: VERBS

PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect: Action begun in the past and continues to the present I (have, had) chopped wood every Tuesday for

three years. Past Perfect: Action in the past that preceded another past action I (have, had) chopped wood every Tuesday

until I bought a chain saw.Future Perfect: Action in future time in relation to another time even further in the future By 2015, I (would have, will have) chopped

enough wood to heat six houses.

SUBJUNCTIVEDependent clauses expressing a condition that is untrue or contrary to fact.

If I (was, were) happy, I would laugh. If I (were, had been) happy, I would have

laughed. If Holmes (had, would have) arrived, he would

have seen the rocket. Do not use WOULD in a subjunctive/if clause!!!!

Present If I were sick If I arrive on time

Past If I had been sick If I had arrived on time

Future If I were here If he arrives on time

TRANSITIVE/INTRANSITIVE

I like (lying, laying) my head in a pile of sand when I am (lying, laying) on the beach. 

I (lay, laid) the book on the table and (lay, laid) down on the couch.

Intransitive: rise/sit Transitive: raise/set

  Lie –intransitive Lay – transitivePresent LIE LAYPast LAY LAIDPast Participle LAIN LAIDPresent Participle LYING LAYING