Unit 4Greece

Greek Time Line

•2800 BCE—Minoan civilization begins

•2000 BCE—Mycenaeans move into Balkan Peninsula

•1250 BCE—Trojan War

•750 BCE—Homer write Iliad & The Odyssey

•490 BCE—Persian Wars begin

•462 BCE—Golden Age of Athens

•434 BCE—Peloponnesian War

•140 BCE—Rome controls Greece

Chapter 9: Beginnings• Complete Vocabulary

1. Minoan civilization rose around 2800 BCE on Crete, an island in the Mediterranean Sea.

2. The Minoans were also known as Cretans. They grew the following foods: Wheat, barley, grapes, and olives

3. Since there were many forests on the island of Crete, the Minoans learned to work with wood and became good carpenters.

4. The Minoans also became expert metal workers, and used these skills along with their carpentry skills to become very good ship builders.

5. The Minoans were very fond of sports, especially bull leaping.

6. The Minoan religion was polytheistic because they worshipped many gods.

7. About 1400 BCE, control of the Mediterranean was passed to the Mycenaeans, who came to Greece from Southern Russia.

8. After many years in power, the Mycenaeans fought a lengthy war with Troy.

9. The Trojan War and its results are described in two long poems written by Homer.

10. The Iliad was a poem describing the Trojan War and the heroes Achilles & Hector.

11. The Odyssey was the story of Odysseus and his journey back to Ithaca after the war.

12. The Mycenaeans were conquered by the Dorians, and that marked the beginning of the Dark Ages in Greece (300 years).

Chapter 10:The City-States

• Complete vocabulary

Sparta & Athens

1. The geographic and political center of Greek life was the polis, or the city-state.

2. The two greatest Greek city-states were Athens & Sparta.

3. Sparta’s main goal was to become militarily strong, and much of their time was spent in training for war.

4. Sparta valued their women more than other city-states because they were the givers of life.

5. The Spartans were unwilling to accept change, because they felt it weakened their way of life.

6. Athens was less militaristic and more artistic than the Spartans.

7. Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens became the center of Greek culture.

8. During this period, Athens built the Parthenon, a temple to their goddess Athena.

9. In 507 BCE, Cleisthenes put into effect the world’s first generally democratic constitution.

10. Between 490-479 BCE, Greek city-states fought several wars with the Persian Empire.

11. For the purpose of the Persian Wars, Sparta and Athens worked together to defeat the Persian invasion.

12. When the Persian Wars were over, Athens was recognized as the most powerful city-state, and this made Sparta jealous.

13. In 490 BCE, Athens formed the Delian League as an alliance to defend Greece from any more Persian invasions.

14. The one Greek city-state who did not belong to the League was Sparta.

15. Sparta formed their own military alliance called the Peloponnesian League.

16. From 431 BCE-404 BCE, Sparta and Athens fought a civil war called the Peloponnesian War.

17. Sparta won that war, and as a result, Greek city-states lost their unity and were no longer able to fight off invaders.

18. Greece was conquered by Philip II of Macedonia in 338 BCE.

Chapter 11Cultural Contributions

• Complete Key Terms

Greek Culture

1. During the “Golden Age,” Greeks made many contributions in thinking, athletics, and the arts.

2. The Greek invented the Olympic Games which were held every four years in honor of the god Zeus.

3. The theater and the concept of the play was adopted out of a festival to honor the Greek God Dionysus, the god of fertility, joyous life and hospitality.

4. Socrates in search of the truth developed a form of philosophy known as the Socratic method.

5. Plato, a pupil of Socrates, founded a philosophy school and published the first book on political science.

6. Aristotle, a teacher of Alexander the Great and pupil of Socrates. He developed a third step in the scientific method—testing the hypothesis.

7. Greek scientists contributed a lot to modern thinking about the world. They learned that the world can be governed by natural laws that humans can discover & understand.

Greek and Roman Goddesses and Gods

Greek name Roman Name Title

Zeus Jupiter King of Gods

Apollo Phoebus Apollo God of Light

Hermes Mercury Messenger of the Gods

Poseidon Neptune God of the Sea

Ares Mars God of War

Hephasstus Vulcan God of Fire

Dionysus Bacchus God of Wine

Pan Pan God of Woods and Pastures

Eros Cupid God of Love

Hades Pluto God of Underworld

Athena Minerva Goddess of Wisdom

Artimus Diana Goddess of the Hunt

Aphrodite Venus Goddess of Love/Beauty

Hera Uno Queen of the Gods

Demeter Ceres Goddess of Grain/Crops

Chapter 12The Hellenistic Period

• Complete Key Terms

Alexander the Great

1. Philip II of Macedonia believed it was his destiny to unify the Greek city-states and spread Greek Culture.

2. Philip II conquered Greece in 338 BCE, but was later assassinated by the Spartans in 336 BCE.

3. His son Alexander assumed control of Greece.

4. In order to win over the people of Greece, Alexander launched an invasion into Persia.

5. He soon conquered the territories of Egypt, Persia, and into the Indus River Valley.

6. The Macedonian, Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures came together to from a new culture, the Hellenistic culture.

7. The peak of this culture was seen in the city of Alexandria, which was located in Egypt.

8. At the peak of his power, Alexander took ill and died in 323 BCE.

9. After Alexander’s death, economic conditions worsened throughout Greece.

10. In 146 BCE, most Greek city-states came under Roman control.