Unit 4 Chapter 11Fundamentals of Genetics

Section 11.1 Mendel’s Legacy

1. Genetics: study of how traits & characteristics are transferred from parent to _________

2. Gregor Mendel: “Father of Genetics”3. Combined

a) Plant breedingb) Statisticsc) Careful recordkeeping

I) Gregor Mendel

1. Mendel experiment a. garden peas with 7 characteristics to see which

trait would be passed to offspring

2. Traits: specific inherited characteristicsa) Example: Characteristic:

Trait:

II) Mendel’s Experiment

II) Mendel’s Experiments3. Mendel started growing peas that were pure

for each traita. Pure:

b. Mendel self-pollinated the peas until:

c. P1 generation:

4. Mendel controlled the reproduction of the plants (___________)

5. Pollination: pollen from reproductive parts of one flower is mixed w/ another flower

II. Mendel’s Experiment

6. Self-pollination: mixing with the same plant/flower

7. Cross-pollination: mixing anther a different plant/flower

II. Mendel’s Experiment

II. Mendel’s Experiments8. Cross Pollinated:

a) Ex: Characteristic: Plant Heightb) Trait: Short x Tallc) Mendel recorded the results & called the offspring

the F1 generation

P1 generation:

Pure Green x Pure Yellow = __ generation

Example

II. Mendel’s Experiments9) Mendel then crossed two F1 generation seeds

P1 generation:

Pure Green x Pure Yellow = __ generation

F1 generation x F1 generation = ____ generation

Example

1. there was a “factor” in pea controlling the traits2. results varied btwn 2 traits he felt that the

“factor” came in __________

III) Mendel’s Results and Conclusions

P1 generation: Pure Green, Pure Yellow

Pure Green x Pure Yellow = F1 generation

F1 generation: 2 Green

F1 gen. x F1 gen. = F2 generation

Green x Green = 3 Green + 1 YellowF2 generation: 3 Green + 1 Yellow

Example

3. Mendel saw that one P1 trait would not show in the F1, and reappear in F2

a. Dominant:

b. Recessive:

III. Recessive and Dominant Traits

IV. Mendel’s Laws1. Law of Segregation: a pair of factors is

segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes

IV. Mendel’s Laws2. Law of Independent Assortment: factors for

different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently

1. Molecular Genetics: study of structure and function of chromosomes and genes

2. Genes are in pairs or alleles3. Alleles are represented by letters

a. Dominant: b. Recessive:

V. Chromosomes and Genes

Think:Do Ligers really exist?