unit 3c. behavior genetics: predicting individual differences evolutionary psychology:...
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR: GENETICS, EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
UNIT 3C
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UNIT OVERVIEW
Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences
Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature
Reflections on Nature and Nurture
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BEHAVIOR GENETICS: PREDICTING INDIVUAL DIFFERENCES
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INTRODUCTION
Behavior genetics Heredity versus the environment
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GENES: OUR CODES FOR LIFE
Chromosome DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Genes Active (expressed)/ inactive Genome
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TWIN AND ADOPTION STUIDES: IDENTICAL VERSUS FRATERNAL TWINS
Identical twins Fraternal twins
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TWIN AND ADOPTION STUIDES: IDENTICAL VERSUS FRATERNAL TWINS
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TWIN AND ADOPTION STUIDES: IDENTICAL VERSUS FRATERNAL TWINS
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TWIN AND ADOPTION STUIDES: IDENTICAL VERSUS FRATERNAL TWINS
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TWIN AND ADOPTION STUIDES: IDENTICAL VERSUS FRATERNAL TWINS
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TWIN AND ADOPTION STUIDES: IDENTICAL VERSUS FRATERNAL TWINS
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TWIN AND ADOPTION STUIDES: IDENTICAL VERSUS FRATERNAL TWINS
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TWIN AND ADOPTION STUIDES: SEPARATED TWINS
University of Minnesota studies on identical twins separated at birth
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TWIN AND ADOPTION STUIDES: BIOLOGICAL VERSUS ADOPTIVE RELATIVES
Genetic relatives Environmental
relatives
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HERITABILITY
Heritability “differences among people”
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HERITABILITY: NATURE AND NURTURE
Influence of adaptation Nature and nurture work together
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GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
Genes and experience interact
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EVOLUTIOANRY PSYCHOLOGY: UNDERSTANDING HUMAN NATURE
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NATURAL SELECTION AND ADAPTATION
Evolutionary psychology
Natural selection Mutation Adaptation Fitness
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EVOLUTIONARY SUCCESS HELPS EXPLAIN SIMILARITIES
Behaviors that contribute to survival are found throughout cultures
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EVOLUTIONARY SUCCESS HELPS EXPLAIN SIMILARITIES: OUTDATED TENDENCIES
Genetic traits which helped our ancestors survive may harm us today
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AN EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATION OF HUMAN SEXUALITY: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SEXUALITY Studies suggesting men have a
stronger tendency towards sex
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AN EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATION OF HUMAN SEXUALITY: NATURAL SELECTION AND MATING PREFERENCES
Differing preferences in partners
Male preferences Female preferences
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CRITIQUING THE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
Backward theorizing Impact of social influence
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REFLECTIONS ON NATURE AND NURTURE
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DEFINITION SLIDES
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BEHAVIOR GENETICS
The study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
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ENVIRONMENT
Every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
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CHROMOSOMES
Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
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GENES
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
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GENOME
The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
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IDENTICAL TWINS
Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
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FRATERNAL TWINS
Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment
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HERITABILITY
The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied
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INTERACTION
The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as the environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)
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MOLECULAR GENETICS
The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes
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EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
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NATURAL SELECTION
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
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MUTATION
The random error in gene replication that leads to a change