Unit 3-B (B):Unit 3-B (B):Older Brain Older Brain StructuresStructures

Mr. McCormickMr. McCormickA.P. PsychologyA.P. Psychology

Do-NowDo-Now(Discussion)(Discussion)

What type of What type of information information can be gained can be gained through the following through the following neurological neurological measurement toolsmeasurement tools?? E.E.G. (Electroencephalogram)E.E.G. (Electroencephalogram)

C.T. (Computed Tomography) ScanC.T. (Computed Tomography) Scan

P.E.T. (Positron Emission Tomography) P.E.T. (Positron Emission Tomography) ScanScan

M.R.I. (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)M.R.I. (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

f.M.R.I. (Functional M.R.I.)f.M.R.I. (Functional M.R.I.)

The BrainThe Brain

Brain-to-Body Weight Ratios Brain-to-Body Weight Ratios of of Living Organisms:Living Organisms: Dinosaurs:Dinosaurs:

1/10,000th1/10,000th Elephants:Elephants:

1/600th1/600th Mice:Mice:

1/40th1/40th Marmosets:Marmosets:

1/25th1/25th

The BrainThe Brain

Other than Other than sizesize,,

what else determines what else determines a species’ a species’

intelligenceintelligence??

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The BrainstemThe Brainstem

The The complexitiescomplexities of of brain structures brain structures serve as indicators of a species’ serve as indicators of a species’ intellectual capacitiesintellectual capacities

Brainstem:Brainstem: Oldest part and central core of the brainOldest part and central core of the brain Beginning where the spinal cord swells as it Beginning where the spinal cord swells as it

enters the skullenters the skull Function:Function:

Automatic survival functionsAutomatic survival functions

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The BrainstemThe Brainstem

Medulla:Medulla: Base of the brainstemBase of the brainstem Functions:Functions:

Controls heartbeatControls heartbeat Controls breathingControls breathing

Pons:Pons: Located above the medullaLocated above the medulla Function:Function:

Coordinates movementCoordinates movement

Reticular Formation:Reticular Formation: A nerve network in the brainstem A nerve network in the brainstem Function:Function:

Controlling arousalControlling arousal

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The BrainstemThe Brainstem

What types of automatic What types of automatic survival survival functions functions are controlled by the are controlled by the brainstembrainstem??

How do the How do the medullamedulla and and reticular reticular formationformation interact interact with the with the autonomic autonomic nervous systemnervous system??

How do the How do the ponspons interact interact with the with the somatic nervous systemsomatic nervous system??

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The Brainstem and The Brainstem and

ThalamusThalamus

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The Thalamus & The Thalamus &

CerebellumCerebellum Thalamus:Thalamus: Brain’s sensory switchboardBrain’s sensory switchboard Located on top of the brainstemLocated on top of the brainstem Functions:Functions:

Directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the Directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortexcortex

Transmits replies to the cerebellum and medullaTransmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Cerebellum:Cerebellum: ““Little Brain”Little Brain” Located at rear of brainstemLocated at rear of brainstem Functions:Functions:

Processing sensory inputProcessing sensory input Coordinating movement output and balanceCoordinating movement output and balance

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The Thalamus & The Thalamus &

CerebellumCerebellumWith which types ofWith which types of neurons neurons

does the does the thalamusthalamus interactinteract??

With which types of With which types of neurons neurons does the does the cerebellumcerebellum interactinteract??

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The CerebellumThe Cerebellum

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The Limbic SystemThe Limbic System

Limbic System:Limbic System: Doughnut-shaped neural systemDoughnut-shaped neural system Located below the cerebral hemispheresLocated below the cerebral hemispheres Includes:Includes:

HippocampusHippocampus AmygdalaAmygdala HypothalamusHypothalamus

Functions:Functions: Linked to Emotions/DrivesLinked to Emotions/Drives

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The Limbic SystemThe Limbic System

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The Limbic SystemThe Limbic System

Hippocampus:Hippocampus: Function:Function:

Processes MemoryProcesses Memory

Amygdala:Amygdala: Two lima bean-sized neural clustersTwo lima bean-sized neural clusters Function:Function:

Linked to EmotionLinked to Emotion

Hypothalamus:Hypothalamus: Located below the thalamusLocated below the thalamus Functions:Functions:

Maintenance activities: eating, drinking, body temperatureMaintenance activities: eating, drinking, body temperature Helps govern endocrine system (via pituitary gland)Helps govern endocrine system (via pituitary gland) Linked to emotion and rewardLinked to emotion and reward

Older Brain Structures:Older Brain Structures:The Limbic SystemThe Limbic System

Imagine that you encounter an Imagine that you encounter an angry catangry cat. Its back is . Its back is archedarched, , fur is fur is fluffedfluffed, and pupils are , and pupils are dilateddilated. .

Which Which divisiondivision of the of the autonomic autonomic nervous systemnervous system is activated by is activated by this stimulation of itsthis stimulation of its amygdalaamygdala (neural center of emotion)(neural center of emotion)??

Brain Structures and their Brain Structures and their FunctionsFunctions

ReviewReview

DescribeDescribe the the functionsfunctions of the following parts of the following parts of the of the brainbrain:: BrainstemBrainstem MedullaMedulla PonsPons Reticular FormationReticular Formation ThalamusThalamus CerebellumCerebellum Limbic System:Limbic System:

HippocampusHippocampus AmygdalaAmygdala HypothalamusHypothalamus

HomeworkHomework

Unit 3 Key People:Unit 3 Key People:

Research Study Response #1:Research Study Response #1: “One “One Brain or Two?” (Pgs. 1-11)Brain or Two?” (Pgs. 1-11)

Unit 3-B Quiz:Unit 3-B Quiz: “The Brain”“The Brain”

Unit 3 Project: Unit 3 Project: “3-D Brain Model”“3-D Brain Model”