unit 3 - kerala · 2014-08-22 · 167 b£-¨-vo t‡-yp yœl 1 axœ ˛ 3, u˚z v rœkr yiqels...

$: Unit 3 - Kerala · 2014-08-22 · 167 B£-¨-Vo T‡-Yp Yœl 1 AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z v RœkR YiQeLs æh”m ˙TÙ’ TPeLs AZLÙLj ˙RÙuflm. v Lt\ G›j’dLs Y⁄m ßV ˘NÙtLs APe°V$
165

B£-¨-Vo T‡-Yp Yœl◊ 1

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

øü± Cq‹XLm CVeLÙRpXYÙ! YÙ≤≠⁄k’˘TnŸm U˚Z LÙQd LÙQj RÆhPÙ AZœ. U˚Z´pÆ˚[VÙP Æ⁄lT™pXÙ œZk˚RLs EiPÙ?AYoL[’ Et\ Æ˚[VÙh”j ˙RÙZ]Ù°V U˚Z˙VÍu\Ùm AX°u UVdL⁄j’.

U˚Zd LÙh£Lfim øü TVuLfim Tt±VL⁄j’⁄YÙœm YiQm CqYXœm ˘NVpTÙ”Lfim©u]lTh”s[].

AXœ 3

U˚Z

ClTÙPjßu YÙ´XÙL A±ÿLUÙœm...

˘NÙtLs : C•, U˚Z, RY˚[, ™u]p,Nu]p, DWm, ˘N•

E´˘W›j’Ls : C, D˘Un˘V›j’ : u, s, o, fEó ˘Un G›j’Ls : ], [, W, NJ≠j ’˚Qd œ±¬”Ls : ˘#

6, 7, 8, 9 GiL˚[d L˚XYÙQ≤u L]‹UÙLj RÙPoT”jßd L˚RVÙLlTÙPlTœß´p RWlTh”s[’. Jq˘YÙu\ÙL Cq˘YiL˚[ A±ÿLlT”jR˙Yi”m. 1 ÿRp 5 Y˚W´¤s[ GiL˚[ J⁄ œ›Æu Gi¶d˚LVÙL A±ÿLlT”jß˙]Ùm. A˙R˙TÙp 6 Gi¶d˚LŸs[ J⁄œ›Æu ˘TV˙W 6 Gu\ ÿ˚\´p Ce˙L A±ÿLm ˘NnV ˙YiPÙm.5 + 1 = 6 Gu\ ÿ˚\´p Ceœ A±ÿLm ˘NnV ˙YiPÙm. C˚Rl©u]o TÙodLXÙm.

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B£

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166

v LXk’˚WVÙP≠p Te˙LtTRu

ÍXm R]’ A‡TYj˚R ˘Y∞

´P CV¤m.

v œ›YÙLl TÙ”m ˙TÙ’ TÙP≠u

C≤˚U ·”°\’.

v J˙W TÙP˚X Tp˙Yfl ˘Uh”d

L∞p TÙP CV¤m.

v Lt\ G›j’L˙[Ù” C˚Qk’

Y⁄m ◊ßV G›j’L˚[ EfN¨l

©u A•lT˚P´p C]m LÙQ

XÙm.

v Lt\ G›j’L˚[ RœkR ÿ˚\

´p C˚Qj’l ◊ßV NÙtL˚[

E⁄YÙdL CV¤m.

v TPeL∞u A•lT˚P´p L˚R

´u ÿ•Æ˚] F°j’f ˘NÙpX

XÙm.

v ˘UÙØ Æ˚[VÙh”L∞p D”T”

Y’ CuTm R⁄m NVXÙœm.

v LXk’˚WVÙPp YÙ´XÙL R]’A‡TYj˚Rd ·fl°\ÙoLs.

v œ›YÙL‹m, R≤VÙL‹m TÙP˚XTÙ”°\ÙoLs.

v Tp˙Yfl UhP˚Uj’l TÙ”°\ÙoLs..

v Lt\ G›j’dL˙[Ù” C˚Qk’ Y⁄m◊ßV G›j’L˚[ C]m LÙi°\ÙoLs..

v Lt\ G›j’dL˚[l TVuT”jß ◊ßV˘NÙtL˚[ E⁄YÙdœ°\ÙoLs.

v L˚R ·fl°\ÙoLs.

v Æ”L˚R Æ˚[VÙh”L∞p D”T”°\Ùu. Æ˚PL˚[d Li”©•j’d·fl°\ÙoLs.

LXk’˚WVÙPp

TÙ”Rp

˘UhP˚UjRp

˘NÙtL˚[ YhP™”Rp (C•, ™u]p,˘N•, RY˚[, DWm)

◊ßV NÙtLs (Dh•, C˚X,)

L˚R

Æ”L˚R

TÙPY˚XfNhPm AXœ 3 U˚Z (R™r)

L⁄j’Ls ˘UÙØ Y∞¬h” Y•YeLs ÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

G›j’Ls / UÙØd·flLs

167

B£

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v RœkR YiQeLs æh”m ˙TÙ’

TPeLs AZLÙLj RÙuflm.

v Lt\ G›j’dLs Y⁄m ◊ßV

˘NÙtLs APe°V YÙd°VeL˚[

YÙ£dL CV¤m.

„r®˚X´Vp

TPm Y˚WRp

YÙ£l◊

L⁄j’Ls ˘NVpß\uLs ÿRu˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

v U˚Z ˘TnYRtœ ÿu BLÙVj

ßp TX UÙt\eLs HtT”°u\].

v U˚Z TnŸm TÙ’ —tflf„Z≠p

Tp˙Yfl UÙt\eLs HtT”°u\].

v U˚Zd LÙXjßtœm Y´p LÙXj

ßtœm TX YflTÙ”Ls Es[].

v —tfll◊\j˚R Etfl˙SÙd° U˚Zd

LÙXjßp HtT”m UÙt\eL˚[d

·\ CV¤m.

v U˚Zd LÙXjßp øo ®˚XLs

®Wm© YØ°u\].

LXk’˚WVÙPp

LXk’˚WVÙPp, EtfldLY≤jRp

TPeL˚[ EtfldLY≤jRp,LXk’˚WVÙPp.



v U˚Z ˘TnYRtœ ÿu BLÙVjßpHtT”m UÙt\eLs ˘RÙPoTÙ]LXk’˚WVÙP≠p Te˙Lt°\ÙoLs.

v U˚Z ˘TnŸm˙TÙ’ —tflf„Z≠pHtT”m UÙt\eL˚[d ·fl°\ÙoLs..(C•, ™u]p, LÙtfl)

v LXk’˚WVÙP≠p Te˙LtflL⁄j’dL˚[ Y∞´”°\ÙoLs.

v TPeLs, —tfll◊\j˚R Etfl˙SÙd°U˚ZLÙXjßp HtT”m UÙt\eL˚[d·fl°\ÙoLs. (˘N• ÿ˚[jRp,˘N•L∞u T—˚U, Ui)

v LXk’˚WVÙPp YÙ´XÙL U˚ZLÙXeL∞p øo ®˚XL∞p HtT”mUÙt\eL˚[d ·fl°\ÙoLs.

v TPm Y˚Wk’ YiQm æh”°\ÙoLs.

v Lt\ G›j’dL˚[l TVuT”jßE⁄YÙd°V YÙ£l◊ Tœß˚V NW[UÙLYÙ£d°\ÙoLs.

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L¶Rm

L⁄j’Ls ˘NVpß\uLs ÿRk˚Ud Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

v œ›Æp GjR˚] Ei” Gu

\±V Gi¶lTÙodL ˙Yi

”m.

v Bfl, H›, Gh”, JuT’ Gu

T˚R 6, 7, 8, 9 Gu\ Gi‘⁄

TVuT”jß G› RXÙm.

v GiL˚[ ˘T¨V’, £±V’

Gufl Y¨˚NlT”jR ÿ•Ÿm.

Æ˚[VÙh”, LXk’˚WVÙPpYÙ´XÙL‹m S˚Pÿ˚\f „Z≠pTe˙Ltfl œ±l©hP Gi¶d˚LŸs[ ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[ Gi¶ G”d°u\]o.

L˚R, Æ˚[VÙh” YÙ´XÙLS˚Pÿ˚\l ©WfN˚]L˚[lTt±d LXk’˚WVÙ•Ÿm 6 ÿRp 9Y˚W´XÙ] GiL˚[ G›R‹mYÙ£dL‹m ˘Nn°u\]o.

S˚Pÿ˚\f „Z≠p Te˘L”j’ 1ÿRp 9 Y˚W´XÙ] GiL˚[Jl©h”l TÙod°u\]o.

v œ›Æ≠⁄k’ œ±l©hP Gi¶d

˚L´¤s[ TÙ⁄hL˚[ Gi¶

G”d°u\]o. (1 ÿRp 9 Y˚W)

v 6 ÿRp 9 Y˚W´XÙ] Gi‘⁄d

L˚[ G›R‹m YÙ£dL‹m ˘Nn

°u\]o.

v 1 ÿRp 9 Y˚W´XÙ] GiL˚[

Jl©h”l TÙod°u\]o.

169


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J⁄ œ[jßp B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿm Y£j’ YkR]. A˚Y

CWi”m ˘S⁄e°V SiToLs. œ[j’ ø¨p ’s∞dœßj’

Æ˚[VÙ•l TÙ›˚Rd LØjR]. B]Ùp œ[jßp SÙfidœSÙs

øo œ˚\k’ ˘LÙi˙P YkR’. œ˚\YÙ] RiΩ¨p

Æ˚[VÙ”Y’ £WUUÙL C⁄kR’. œ[m Yt±Æ”˙UÙ G] A˚Y

TVkR]. Gl˙TÙ’ U˚Z Y⁄˘Uufl A˚Y BY˙XÙ”

LÙjß⁄kR]. Al˙TÙ’ J⁄SÙs...

YÙ≤p ULm ßWiP’. YÙ˚PdLÙtflm ≈£V’. ™u]p ™u≤

U˚\kR’. C•´u NlRm LÙ˚Rl ©[kR’. C⁄h” Geœm

TPokR’. U˚ZY⁄YRtLÙ] A˚PVÙ[eLs ˘RuThP].

œ[jßp ¡uLs ’s∞fNÙ•]. UÙuLs ’s∞ K•]. UWm N•Ls

B•]. U˚Z ˘TnVj ˘RÙPe°V’. B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿm

U˚Z´p S˚]kRT•˙V TÙ• U°rkR].

A˚PU˚Z ÆPÙUp ˘Tn’ ˘LÙi•⁄kR’. „¨Vu

˙ULeLfidœ C˚P˙V U˚\k’ LÙiP’. F˚[´”m LÙt±p

UWeLs R˚XÆ¨j’ B•]. œ∞WÙp B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿm

S”e°]. T\˚YLs C˚W RP CVXÙUp UWjß˙X˙V A˚Pk’

°PkR]. T—˚UVÙ] ˘N•Lfim ◊tLfim Y[Wj˘RÙPe°] J⁄

YØVÙL ...

œ[m ®˚\Vj ˘RÙPe°V’. œ[jßp RÙU˚Wd ˘LÙ• TPok’

Y[okR’. RÙU˚W C˚XLs RiΩ¨p ™RkR]. RÙU˚Wd

˘LÙ•L∞p ˘UÙh”Ls ˘UpXj R˚X Ád°]. £X ˘UÙh”Ls

UXok’ RÙU˚Wl ÈdLs £¨jR]. U˚Z J⁄ YØVÙL KnkR’.

RY˚[ U°rkR’. RY˚[Ÿm B˚UŸm RÙU˚WlÈ˚Yl T±j’

Æ˚[VÙ•]. Si”m AYoLfiPu ˙Nok’ ˘LÙiP’.

Æ˚[VÙh” RÙPokR’.

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

B£-¨-Vo T‡-YpYœl◊ 1

170

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""œ[jßp Æ˚[VÙ•V’ TÙ’m YÙ⁄eLs L˚Wdœf NpXXÙm''

B˚U A˚ZjR’. RY˚[Ÿm Si”m NmUßjR]..... œ[dL˚W´p

Y¨˚NVÙL UWeLs ®u±⁄kR]. £X UWeL∞p ÈdLs

Èj’dœ¤e°]. Sp≠ UWjßp HWÙ[m Sp≠dLÙnLs LÙnj’d

˘RÙe°]. £X ∏˙Z Æ›k’ £R±d°PkR]. ""˘Sp≠dLÙn

˘TÙfld° Æ˚[VÙPXÙm'' B˚U A˚ZjR’. A˚Y Íuflm

˘Sp≠dLÙnL˚[l ˘TÙfldLj ˘RÙPe°]. ""I˙VÙ Ae˙L

TÙ⁄eLs J⁄ £flYu T”j’d°Pd°\Ùu''. RY˚[ AX±V’.

Íuflm £flYu A⁄˙L ˘Nu\]; J⁄ UWjßtœl ©u]Ùp

J∞k’ LÙiP].

SiToLs Y⁄YRtœ ÿu˙T œ[dL˚Wdœ YkR L˚XYÙQu

UWjR•´p T”j’ E\e° ÆhPÙu. E\dLjßp TXÆRUÙ]

L]‹Ls LiPÙu. AY]’ SiToLs Y⁄YRÙL‹m

AYoLfiPu ˙Nok’ TÙ• Æ˚[VÙ”YRÙL‹m AYu L]‹

Li” ˘LÙi•⁄kRÙu. ˘Sp≠dLÙn UWjßu A•´p Æ›k’

°PkR ˘Sp≠dLÙnL˚[l ˘TÙfld°j R]’ SiToLfidœd

˘LÙ”lT’ TÙX‹m L]‹ YkR’. ßº˘Wufl AY]’ R˚X´p

J⁄ Sp≠dLÙn Æ›kR’. ""I˙VÙ! AmUÙ!'' Gufl AX±VYÙfl

L˚XYÙQu G›kRÙu. Sp≠dLÙnL˚[l TÙfld°d LÙi”

≈h•tœf Nu\Ùu

L˚R˙

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Pm

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L˚XYÙQu AX±V˚RdLiP B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿm ˚L

˘LÙh•f £¨jR]. AYu Ae°⁄k’ ˘NuflÆhPRÙp A˚Y

¡i”m Æ˚[VÙPj ˘RÙPe°]. Al˙TÙ’ LÙtfl TXUÙL

≈£V’. RÙ¿d! Gu\ NjRm Lh” A˚Y ß⁄m©]. J⁄ TÙdœ

UWjßp C⁄k’ Uh˚P Æ›k’ °PkR’. BaÙ...! AZLÙ] TÙdœ

Uh˚P! YÙ⁄eLs TÙodLXÙm'' RY˚[ A˚ZjR’.

""TÙdœ Uh˚P´p H± EhLÙk’ Yi• C›j’ Æ˚[VÙPXÙm''.

B˚U ˘NÙu]’. ""˙YiPÙm, C’ TPœ ˙TÙp Es[’. TPœ

˘Nn’ Æ˚[VÙPXÙm'' B˚U NÙu]’. A˚Y œ[jßp TPœ

Æ˚[VÙh” Æ˚[VÙ•] œ[m ®Wm© YØkR’. SiToLs

BTj˚R EQWÆp˚X. LÙdœ A˚Rd LY≤jR’. CkRl TdLm

YWÙæeL!'' A’ AX±V’. B]Ùp ø˙WÙhPm TP˚L A•j’f

˘Nu\’. TPœ LÆrkR’.

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171


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÷˚Z‹f NVpTÙ”Ls

œ[m L˚W Æ˚[VÙh”

YœlT˚\´p J⁄ YhPm Y˚WŸeLs œZk˚RLs

YhPjßtœ Y∞˙V ®tLh”m. "œ[m' Gufl ·flm˙TÙ’

YhPjßtœ Es˙[Ÿm "L˚W' Gufl ˘NÙp¤m˙TÙ’

YhPjßtœ ˘Y∞˙VŸm NÙPh”m. RY\Ù] ÿ˚\´p

NÙ•VYoLs Æ˚[VÙh•p C⁄k’ ˘Y∞˙Vt\lT”Yo.

Cflß´p J⁄Y˚W Uh”m Æ˚[VÙh•p Yt± Tt\RÙL

A±ÆdLXÙm ApXYÙ.

L˚R NÙpYÙVÙ?

˙SÙdLm :

] TÙPdL⁄jßtœd œZk˚RL∞u

LY]j˚Rj ß⁄l◊Rp

] FL YÙ£l◊

] Y¨Y•Ym G›’m ÿ˚\ A±Rp

u ""œ[jßp YÙ›m £X E´¨]eL˚[ EeLfidœ

A±ÿLm ˘Nn’ ˚Yd°˙\u'' Gufl ˘NÙp≠ ™u

]h˚P ˘NVpTÙh•u ÍXUÙLj RY˚[, B˚U

B°VYt˚\ A±ÿLm ˘NnRp

u œZk˚RLs B˚U, RY˚[ B°VYt±u

˘TVoL˚[d ·flm˙TÙ’ AYoL[’ ÿu≤˚X´p

T—mTX˚L´p G›’Rp

u " "B˚U Utflm RY˚[ ˘RÙPoTÙ] L˚RL˚[d

˙Lh•⁄d°»oL[Ù?'' Gufl Lh”d LXk’˚WVÙ”Rp.

u J⁄ £X⁄dœd L˚R ˘NÙpX YÙnlT∞jRp.

L˚R˙VÙhPm

˙SÙdLm :

] œZk˚RL∞u LY]j˚R J⁄ÿLlT”j’Rp

] TÙPlTœß˚Vl T•dœm BoYj˚Rj Ái”Rp

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""B˚U Utflm RY˚[ ˘RÙPoTÙ] J⁄ L˚R˚Vd ·\h

”UÙ?'' Gufl ˙Lh”d L˚R˚Vd ·fleLs. Al˙TÙ’ J⁄

SÙs Gu] SPkR’ ˘R¨ŸUÙ?'' Gufl ˙Lh”d LXk’

˚WVÙ”eLs.

TPYÙ£l◊

˙SÙdLm :

] TÙPlTœß´p Es[ TPj˚R

Etfl˙SÙdœRp.

] TPjßp Es[ E´¨]eLs ®Lrf£Ls,

˘NVpLs ˙TÙu\Yt˚\ A˚PVÙ[m

LÙQ YÙnlT∞jRp.

u TPjßp Es[ E´¨]eLs G˚Y?

u B˚U S˚]VÙUp C⁄dL Gu] ˘Nn°\’?

u UÙuLs Gu] ˘Nn°u\]?

u ˘LÙdœ Ge˙L ®t°\’?

u RiΩ¨p YÙ›m E´¨]eLs G˚Y?

˙TÙu\ ˙LsÆLs ˙Lh”d LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs.

TÙP˚X CWÙLj˙RÙ” TÙ”Rp

˙SÙdLm :

] C˚N˙VÙ” TÙ”Y˚Rd ˙Lh” CW£jRp.

] L⁄jR±k’ ˘Nn˚Ll TÙPXÙLl TÙ”Rp.

øeL˙[ J⁄ ˘UhP˚Uj’ K¨⁄ÿ˚\l TÙ• Jjß˚L

˘Nn’ ˘LÙsfieLs.

u ˘Uh•u A•lT˚P´p øeLs TÙPd œZk˚RLs

˙Nok’ TÙPh”m.

u œ›YÙLl TÙ•V ©u R≤VÙLl TÙ”YRtœ YÙnl

T∞dLXÙm.

u ˘Nn˚Ll TÙPXÙLl TÙ”YRtœm, TÙP¤dœ HtT

A˚N‹Ls SPj’YRtœm ERYXÙm.

EeLfidœ ©•jR Y¨ G’?

˙SÙdLm :

] R]dœ ©•jR Y¨˚Vd ·flRp.

BLÙ

BLÙ....!

I˙V

I˙V

.....!.

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Cl-T-P

jß

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""ClTÙP≠p E]dœl ©•jR Y¨ G’?'' Gufl ˙Lh”d

œZk˚RLs ·flm Y¨L˚[l T—mTX˚L´p G›’eLs.

""Hu ©•jR’?'' Gufl ˙Lh” E˚WVÙ”eLs.

˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] YÙ£l◊ EjßL˚[l TVuT”jß Aq

Y¨L˚[d œZk˚RLs YÙ£dL YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

AqY¨ TÙPË≠¤s[ TÙP≠p Geœs[’ Gufl LÙhP

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs (Geœ ˘RÙPe° Geœ ÿ•°\’ Gufl

—h•dLÙhPf NÙp¤eLs)

YhP™”˙YÙm YÙ£l˙TÙm

˙SÙdLm :

] œ±l©hP L⁄j˙RÙ” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV

˘NÙtL˚[ YhP™”Rp.

] YÙ£jRp.

u U˚Z˙VÙ” ˘RÙPo◊˚PV Gu˘]u] ˘NÙtLs

TÙP≠p Es[]? Gufl ˙Lh” œZk˚RLs ·flm

˘NÙtL˚[l T—mTX˚L´p G›’eLs.

u ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] YÙ£l◊ EjßL˚[l TVuT”jß

AYt˚\ YÙ£dL YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

u Af˘NÙtLs TÙP≠p Geœs[] Gufl

Li”©•j’ YhP™Pj Ái”eLs.

TPm TÙoj’ E˚WVÙ”eLs

˙SÙdLm :

] TPYÙ£l◊.

] LXk’˚WVÙPp.

] U˚Zdœ ÿu‡m ©u‡m HtT”m UÙt\eL˚[

A±Rp.

U˚Z Y⁄YRtœ ÿu‡m U˚Z TnŸm TÙ’m Sm˚Uf

—t± Gu˘]u] UÙt\eLs HtT”°u\]? Gufl ˙Lh”

LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs. ˘RÙPok’ TÙPËp TdLm 42˛Cp

Es[ TPj˚Rl TÙodLj Ái”eLs. œZk˚RLs

TPeL˚[ EtfldLY≤j’ U˚Z Y⁄YRtœ ÿu‡m U˚Z

˘TnŸm ˙TÙ’m HtT”m UÙt\eL˚[d ·\

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

TÙPl Tœß´¤s[ Æ]ÙdL˚[d ˙LfieLs. ∏rdLiP

YÙfl Th•V≠”eLs.

£X

G∞

V Æ

”L˚

RLs

öTp

≠⁄

dœ

m B

]Ùp

L•

dLÙ’

. A’

Gu

]?

ö ö ö

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


174

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TPm TÙoj’ G›’eLs

˙SÙdLm :

] YÙd°Vj˚R ÿ›˚UlT”j’Rp

1. EeLs F¨p Gl˘TÙ›’ U˚Z˘TnR’? Gufl

˙Lh”d œZk˚RLs TßX∞jR ©u, Al˙TÙ’

u EeLs ˘R⁄Æp ˘TnRRÙ?

u EeLs Fod˙LÙ•´p C⁄dœm U˚X´p ˘TnRRÙ?

u EeLs ≈h•p ˘TnRRÙ?

u EeLs Fod œ[jßp ˘TnRRÙ?

u Adœ[jßp ®tœm UWjßp ˘TnRRÙ?

u AmUWjßp C⁄dœm C˚X´p ˘TnRRÙ?

u Aeœs[ ˘N•´p ˘TnRRÙ?

u ˘N•´p C⁄dœm C˚X´p ˘TnRRÙ?

u ˘N•´p C⁄dœm ÈÆp ˘TnRRÙ?

u ˘N•´p C⁄dœm LÙ´p ˘TnRRÙ?

Gufl RÙPok’ Lh”,

u GeLs ˘R⁄Æp U˚Z ˘TnR’

u GeLs Fod œ[jßp U˚Z ˘TnR’

u œ[jßp ®tœm UWjßp U˚Z ˘TnR’

u

u

Gufl ÿ› YÙd°Vjßp TßX∞dLj Ái”eLs.

2. œZk˚RLs ·±V YÙd°VeL˚[j L⁄mTX˚L´p

G›ß YÙ£dL YÙnlT∞ŸeLs. (˘N• ˘RÙPoTÙL

Y⁄m YÙd°VeL˚[d LhPÙVm G›’eLs)

3. TÙPlTœß´¤s[ TPm TÙoj’ G›’eLs.˘NVpTÙh˚Pd œZk˚RLs RÙUÙLf ˘NnV

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

4. ∏rdLÙ‘m ˘NÙpXh˚PL˚[l TVuT”jß

YÙd°VeLs E⁄YÙdL YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

U˚X´p C˚X´p ˘N•´p

U˚Z ˘TnR’.

U˚Zdœ ÿu

øX YÙ]m

T\˚YLs T\d°u\]

YÙ≤p „¨Vu Es[’

ThPm Æ”m TVu

U˚Z TnŸm TÙ’

C• C•d°\’

™u]p ™u‡°\’

LÙtfl ≈—°\’

C˚X Eßo°\’

T\˚Y ·h•p Es[’

U˚Z ˘Tn°\’

C•fNjRm ˙LhP’iPÙ?

C•fNjRm Lh”l TVkR’

EiPÙ?

C• C•dœm ˙TÙ’ AmUÙ

Gu] ˘NÙpYÙoLs?

˙TÙu\ ˙LsÆLs ˙Lh”

AYWYo L⁄j˚Rd ·\

YÙnlT∞dL Yi”m.

175


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

˙YflTÙ” A±k’ G›’˙YÙm

˙SÙdLm :

] Lt\ J≠j ’˚Qdœ±¬”L˚[ ˙Yfl Eó

˘Un˘V›j’dL∞p ˙Noj’ ◊ßV Eó˘Un

G›j’Ls E⁄YÙdœRp

] ◊ßV ˘NÙtL˚[ E⁄YÙdœRp

""SÙu Y˚WY’ Gu]?'' Gufl ˙Lh”d ˘LÙi˙P J⁄

˘N•ú TPm Y˚WŸeLs. AR]⁄°p œZk˚RLs ·flm

˘N•˚V G›’eLs. A˚R YÙ£dLj Ái”eLs.

˘RÙPok’ ˘N•´p Es[ •˛I AØj’ p G›’eLs.

˘Np Gufl YÙ£d°\ÙoL[Ù?

"˘Np' EPu Ko G›j˚Rf ˙NojRÙp J⁄ ˘Ti

œZk˚Rú ˘TVo °˚Pdœm Gufl ˘NÙp≠ ˘NpÆGu˘\›’eLs.

u SÙm LÙ≠p A¶Y’ G’?

u RiΩo G”dLl TVuT”Y’ G’?

u Cf˘NÙp≠p ˘RÙPeœm ÈdL˚[d ·\ ÿ•ŸUÙ?

˙TÙu\ Æ]ÙdL˚[d ˙Lh”d LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs.

L⁄mTX˚L´p G›ßŸs[,

˘N• ˘Np

˘NpÆ ˘N⁄l◊

˘Nm◊ ˘NqYkß

˘NkRÙU˚W

Cf˘NÙtL˚[ YÙ£l◊ EjßL˚[l TVuT”jß YÙ£j’d

LÙh”eLs.

CflßVÙLl TÙPl◊jRLjß¤s[ ˘NVpTÙh˚Pd

œZk˚RLs RÙUÙLf ˘NnVf ˘NÙp¤eLs. ÿR≠p

˘NÙtL˚[d ·\ YÙnlT∞ŸeLs. ©u]o G›Rh”m.

œZk˚RLs G›ßV˚R YÙ£dL YÙnlT∞j’ NÙoh•p

G›’eLs. CqYÙfl Ù, ˘# Gu\ ’˚Q G›j’dLs

˙Noj’ G›R H’YÙ] ˘NÙp °˚Pdœm ˘TÙ›˘RpXÙm

CfNÙoh•p Noj’ G›’eLs. œZk˚RLs Gl˘TÙ›’m

TÙolTRtœ HtT Yœl©p ˘RÙeL Æ”eLs.

A±

ÿLU

Ùœm

J≠

j’

˚Q

dœ

±´

”

#

C’

Y˚

W Lt\

G›

j’

Ls

E⁄

YÙœ

m ◊

ßV

E´

o˘Un

˘V

›j’

Ls

T, U

, L, R

,Y

, X, N

˘T,

U,

L,

˘R,

Y,

X,

N

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


176

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ÿRp G›j˚R Aeœm Ceœm UÙt±]ÙpG›j’Ls CPm UÙ±]Ùp

˙SÙdLm ;

] ◊ßV ˘NÙtLs E⁄YÙdœRp

∏rdLÙ‘m G›jRh˚PL˚[j RVÙ¨dL ˙Yi”m.

R≤VÙL œ›YÙLf ˘NnYRtœ Ht\ Gi¶d˚L´p

G›jRh˚P C⁄dœUÙfl TÙoj’d ˘LÙsfieLs.

""SÙu ˘RÙPeLXÙm Gufl ·±V ©u]˙W Ah˚PL˚[jß⁄lT ˙Yi”m. Aß¤s[ G›j’L˚[l TVuT”jßCVu\[‹ NÙp E⁄YÙdL Yi”m. øeLs E⁄YÙdœm˘NÙp˚X G›ßd ˘LÙs[ ˙Yi”m. VÙo / GkRd œ›ÿR≠p AßLUÙ] ˘NÙp˚X E⁄YÙdœ°\˙RÙ AY⁄dœ/ AkRd œ›Æt˙L ˘Yt±'' Gufl œ±l◊Ls ˘LÙ”j’œZk˚RLs ˘NÙp¤⁄YÙdLj Ái”eLs.

˙TÙh• ÿ•kR©u œZk˚RLs E⁄YÙd°V ˘NÙp˚XAYoLs ·\d L⁄mTX˚L´p G›’eLs. YÙ£dLYÙnlT∞ŸeLs. CflßVÙLl TÙPl◊jRLjß¤s[ ˘NVpTÙh˚Pd œZk˚RLs RÙUÙLf ˘NnVh”m.

ÿRp G›j˚R UÙt±]Ùp˙SÙdLm :

] C]m LiP G›j’L˚[l TVuT”jßl ◊ßV

˘NÙtLs E⁄YÙdœRp

u TÙPlTœß´¤s[ Cf˘NVpTÙh˚Pd œZk˚RLs

RÙUÙLf ˘NnVj Ái”eLs.

u AYt˚\ Ußl©”eLs.

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Lh• LÙh• ˘Lh•

Uh˚P UÙh˚P˘Uh˚P

Th• TÙh• ˘Th•

Y• YÙ• ˘Y•

˛˛˛˛˛˛ ˛˛˛˛˛˛ ˛˛˛˛˛

˛˛˛˛˛˛ ˛˛˛˛˛˛ ˛˛˛˛˛

Uh• UÙh• ˘Uh•

∏rdLÙ‘m G›jRh˚Pj ˘RÙœl◊Ls RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

˘RÙœl◊ 1

G›jRh˚PLs E⁄YÙœm ˘NÙtLs

A•, B•,

C•, ©•,

L•, R•, U•

Cu]p,

™u]p,

©u]p,

Nu]p

C˚X, L˚X,

R˚X, Y˚X,

UÙ˚X, LÙ˚X

˘RÙœl◊ 2

˘RÙœl◊ 3

C • © L R

ABU

uN©™C

] p

UÙYRLC

LÙ ˚X

177


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

u ˙R˚YVÙ] ˘RÙPo ˘NVpTÙ”Ls ßhP™h”

SPjR Cm Ußl¿” ’˚Q◊¨ŸUpXYÙ?

L˚P£ G›j˚R UÙt±]Ùp,˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] CPjßp G›’eLs

˙SÙdLm :

] C]m LiP G›j’L˚[l TVuT”jß

◊ßV ˘NÙtLs E⁄YÙdœRp.

Cf˘NVpTÙ”L˚[ ≈h”lTÙPUÙLf ˘Nn’YWd œZk˚R

L˚[j Ái”eLs. AYt˚\ Ußl©h”j ˙R˚YVÙ]

˘RÙPo ˘NVpTÙ”Ls ˘LÙ”dL ˙Yi”m.

Æ”L˚Rdœ Æ˚P G›’eLs

˙SÙdLm :

] ˘UÙØ Æ˚[VÙh”L∞p D”T”Rp

] G∞V Æ”L˚RLfidœ Æ˚P ˘NÙp¤Rp/

G›’Rp

u ""SÙu ˙Lhœm Æ”L˚Rdœ Æ˚P ˘NÙpX ÿ•

ŸUÙ?'' Gufl NYÙp Æh” EeLs Yœl◊d œZk˚R

—XTUÙLd ·flYRt˙Lt\ G∞V Æ”L˚RL˚[d

˙LfieLs.

u ""C≤RÙu Ei˚UVÙ] ˙TÙh•. SÙu YÙ£dœm

Æ”L˚RLfidœ VÙo..... VÙo..... N¨VÙ] Tß˚X G›’

°»oLs TÙodLXÙm'' Gufl ˘NÙp≠l TÙPTœß´

¤s[ Æ”L˚RL˚[ YÙ£ŸeLs. œZk˚RLs

G›ßV Æ˚PL˚[ Ußl©”eLs.

1. B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿm Geœ Y£jR]?

2. B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿm Hu TVkR]?

3. A˚Y G˚R GßoTÙojR]?

4. U˚Z GqYÙfl YkR’?

Ußl¿”

œZk˚RLs G›ßŸs[˚R

œZk˚RL˙[ —VUßl¿”

˘NnV YÙnlT∞ŸeLs

A˚Rj RÙPok’ J⁄Y⁄d

˘LÙ⁄Yo UÙt± NL Ußl¿”

SPjRj Ái”eLs.

NÙoh 1

B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿmœ[jßp Y£jR].

œ[m Yt±Æ”˙UÙ G]lTVkR].

A˚Y U˚Z˚V GßoTÙojR].

˙ULm ßWiP’, LÙtfl ≈£V’, C• C•jR’, ™u]p™u≤V’, U˚Z ˘TnR’.

CqYX°pÍufl ®Lr‹Ls Es[].

Æ]ÙdL∞u A•lT˚P´pE⁄YÙœm NÙoh”L˙[

E⁄YÙœm L˚Rl◊jRLUÙœm.(Evolving Text)

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


178

LXk’˚WVÙPp

˙SÙdLm :

] Rm ˘NÙkR A‡TYj˚Rd ·flRp.

u U˚ZdLÙXjßp EeLs ≈h•tœs GqYÙfl C⁄dœm?

u ≈h•tœ Y∞˙V GlT• C⁄dœm?

u EeLs ˘R⁄ GlT• C⁄dœm?

˙TÙu\ Æ]ÙdL˚[d ˙Lh”d LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs

L˚R˙VÙhPm

˙SÙdLm

] œZk˚RL∞u LY]j˚R J⁄e°˚QdL.

""U˚Z ˘TnR ˙TÙ’ B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿm TÙh”lTÙ•

U°rkR] ApXYÙ! ©u Gu] SPkR’ ˘R¨ŸUÙ?'' Gufl

˙Lh” ®Lr‹ CWi•u L˚R˙VÙhPj˚Rf ˘NÙp¤eLs.

CqYÙfl ˘RÙPoU˚Z ˘TnR ˙TÙ’,

u B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿm Gu] ˘Nnß⁄dœm?

u œ[jßtœ HRÙY’ UÙt\m Ykß⁄dœUÙ?

u ˘RÙPo U˚Z´u —tfll◊\jßp Gu˘]u]

UÙt\eLs HtTh•⁄dœm?

˙TÙu\ ˙LsÆLs ˙Lh”d LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs. UÙQYo

Ls ·flm L⁄j’L˚[l T—mTX˚L/ NÙoh•p G›ß YhPÙWl

◊jRLm E⁄YÙdL ˙Yi”m.

u ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] YÙ£l◊ EjßL˚[l TVuT”jß

AYt˚\ YÙ£dL YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

YhPÙWl ◊jRL YÙ£l◊

˙SÙdLm :

] ˘NÙtL˚[Ÿm G›j’L˚[Ÿm A˚PVÙ

[m LÙQp.

u E⁄YÙd°V YhPÙWl ◊jRLj˚Rl Tp˙Yfl Ejß

L˚[l TVuT”jß YÙ£dL YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

®Lr‹ ˛ 2

œ[m ®˚\kR’

Yœl©p U˚Z

Æ˚[VÙh”L∞p D”T”Rp

u Yœl©p U˚Z ˘TnV

˚YdLXÙUÙ? Gufl Lh”

YX’ BsLÙh• ÆWXÙp

CP’ Es[e˚L´p

RhPf ˘NÙp¤eLs

u SÙu ˚L˚V EVoj’m

˙TÙ’ ˙YLUÙLj RhP

˙Yi”m. L˚Vj RÙrj

’m˙TÙ’ ˙YLj˚Rd

œ˚\dL Yi”m Gufl

˘NÙp≠j Rh”Y˚R

CVdœeLs.

u Es[e˚L´p Rh”m

˙YLj˚Rd ·h•Ÿm

œ˚\j’m U˚Zj’∞

Ls Æ›m ˙YLj˚Rd

·hP˙YÙ œ˚\dL˙YÙ

CV¤m.

179


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

u ˘NÙtL˚[Ÿm YÙd°VeL˚[Ÿm C]m LÙQ

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

TP YÙ£l◊

˙SÙdLm :

] TPj˚R Etfl˙SÙd°d L⁄j˚R ˘Y∞´

Pp.

TdLm 47Cp Es[ TPj˚Rd œZk˚RLs TÙodLj Ái”

Rp

u YÙ≤p LÙ‘m LÙh£ Gu]?

u B˚U Ge˙L ®t°\’?

u B˚U´u ˚L´p C⁄lT’ Gu]?

u B˚U RÙU˚Wl È˚Y GRtLÙLl T±jß⁄dœm?

u œ[jßp GjR˚]j RÙU˚Wl ÈdLs Es[]?

u RY˚[ Ge˙L C⁄d°\’?


TÙPlTœß´u L⁄j’ Utflm A˚PVÙ[m LÙQ Yi•V

˘NÙtLs TÙu\Yt±tœ ERYd·•V Y˚L´p Æ]ÙdLs

A˚Uj’l TP YÙ£l˚Tj ÁiP ˙Yi”m.

YhP™PXÙm

˙SÙdLm :

] ÿu TÙPeL∞p Lt\’m YhPÙWl ◊jRLj

ßu YÙ´XÙL A±kR’UÙ] ˘NÙtL˚[

A±Rp.

u "U˚Z' Gu\ ˘NÙp GjR˚] ÿ˚\ Yk’s[’.

YhP™h” Gi¶l TÙoj’d ·\ ÿ•ŸUÙ?

u TÙPlTœß´p Y⁄m E´¨]eL∞u ˘TVoL˚[

YhP™P ÿ•ŸUÙ?

˙TÙu\ LsÆL˚[d Lh”l TÙPlTœß´p Es[ NÙt

L˚[ C]m Li” YhP™P YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

TÙP YÙ£l◊

˙SÙdLm :

] B£¨Vo YÙ£dœm ˙TÙ’ ˘NÙtL˚[

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


180

A˚PVÙ[m LÙ‘Rp

u UÙQYoLs ÿu TÙPeL∞p A±kR ˘NÙtLfim

G›j’Lfim TÙPlTœß´p LÙQlTPXÙm.

Af˘NÙtLs Utflm G›j’L∞u J≠˚V /

YŸ•Yj˚R YÙ£dL‹m A˚PVÙ[m LÙQ‹m

ER‹m Y˚L´p B£¨Vo YÙ£dL ˙Yi”m.

u N¨VÙ] EfN¨l˙TÙ” œWp Ht\RÙr˙YÙ” YÙ£dL

˙Yi”m.

u K¨⁄ ÿ˚\ B£¨Vo YÙ£j’dLÙh•V©u £X

UÙQYoL˚[ YÙ£dLf ˘NÙpXÙm.

LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs

˙SÙdLm :

] L⁄j’ / A‡TYj˚R ˘Y∞´”m ß\˚]

Y[ojRp.

L˚RdL[m, YhPÙWl TÙPm, TPYÙ£l◊, B£¨Vü UÙß¨

YÙ£l◊ ˙TÙu\Yt±u YÙ´XÙL KW[Ætœl TÙPd

L⁄j˚Rl ◊¨kß⁄lTo.

u ˘RÙPok’ U˚Z Tn’ LÙi•⁄kRÙp Gu] ®L›m?

u U˚Z˙V ˘TnVÙÆhPÙp Gu] ®L›m?

u RiΩo CpXÙUp SmUÙp EóYÙZ ÿ•ŸUÙ?

Æ˚[VÙh”Ls TXÆRm

˙SÙdLm :

] LÙ°Rd LlTp ˘NnRp.

u B˚UŸm, RY˚[Ÿm Gu˘]u] Æ˚[VÙh”Ls

Æ˚[VÙ• C⁄dœm?

u U˚ZLÙXjßp Gu˘]u] Æ˚[VÙh”Ls

Æ˚[VÙ”°»oLs?

˙TÙu\ LsÆL˚[d Lh”d LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs. ""LlTp

Æh” Æ˚[VÙ”˙YÙm'' Gufl NÙp≠´⁄kRÙp,

""EeL∞p VÙo VÙ⁄dœd LlTp ˘NnVj ˘R¨Ÿm? SÙm

J⁄ LlTp Nn˙YÙUÙ?'' Gufl·±, GpXÙd œZk˚RLfid

œm LÙ°Rm LÙ”j’ øeLs NnY’ TÙp LlTp NnV

A±‹fljß GpXÙd œZk˚RLfim LlTp ˘NnV YÙnl

T∞ŸeLs.

181


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

G›’eLs

˙SÙdLm ;

] œ±l©hP ˘NÙtL˚[ A˚PVÙ[m Li”

G”j’ G›’Rp.

TÙPlTœß´p CPm ˘Ttfls[ U˚Z, œ[m, RY˚[B°V ˘NÙtL˚[d œZk˚RLs RÙUÙLd Li”©•j’

G›R YÙnlT∞ŸeLs. N¨VÙ] NÙtL˚[d Li”©•dLl

TÙPlTœß˚V ¡i”m ¡i”m YÙ£j’d LÙh”eLs.

◊s∞L˚[ C˚Ql˙TÙm;®\m LÙ”l˙TÙm

˙SÙdLm :

] ÷i R˚NlT´t£, YiQm æh”m T´t£,

TPm Y˚WŸm T´t£

◊s∞L˚[ C˚QdLh”m. Æ⁄lTUÙ] YiQm æhP

ER‹eLs. TPeLs AZœ˘T\ YiQm æh”m ˙TÙ’

LY≤dL ˙Yi•V˚Y Tt±d ·fleLs.

E˚WVÙ”eLs

˙SÙdLm :

] TPYÙ£l◊

] —tfll◊\j˚R Etfl ˙SÙdœm ß\u

] L⁄j˚R ˘Y∞´”m ß\u

U˚Z ˘Tn’ KnkR©u LÙ‘m LÙh£˙V Ceœ TPUÙLd

˘LÙ”dLlTh”s[’. TPm ˘RÙPoTÙ] L⁄j’Ls

˘Y∞Y⁄m Y˚L´p ∏rdLÙ‘m Æ]ÙdL˚[d

˙LfieLs.

u ÿßVYo Gu] ˘Nn’ ˘LÙi•⁄d°\Ùo?

u œ˚P˚V Hu UPd° ˚Yj’s[Ùo?

u NÙ˚X GqYÙfl Es[’?

u LÙLm Gu] ˘Nn°\’?

u BLÙVm GlT•d LÙh£V∞d°\’?

u T\˚YLs Gu] ˘Nn’ ˘LÙi•⁄d°u\]?

u A˚Y Ge˙L ˘Np°u\]?

u ÈeLÙÆp œZk˚RLs Gu] ˘Nn’ ˘LÙi•⁄d

°\ÙoLs?

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


182


Jq˘YÙ⁄ œZk˚Rdœm R]’ L⁄j˚Rd ·\‹m ©\o

·flY˚Rd ˙LhL‹m YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

G›’eLs

˙SÙdLm ;

] YÙd°Vm A˚Udœm ß\u

""Cf˘NVpTÙh˚P VÙo ÿR≠p ˘Nn°\ÙoLs Gufl

TÙol˙TÙUÙ?'' Gufl NYÙpÆh” Cf˘NVpTÙh˚Pl

˙TÙh•VÙL SPj’eLs.

NL Ußl©” ˘NnV YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

Cflß´p B£¨Vo Ußl©h”j RWj˚R ®oQVm ˘NnŸe

Ls.

˘NÙp¤eLs

˙SÙdLm :

] TPj˚Rl TÙoj’ YÙd°Vm E⁄YÙdœRp

TPj˚Rl TÙoj’ YÙd°VeLs E⁄YÙd°d ·\ / G›R

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

1. ÆPÙ’ ˘TnR U˚Z´p œ[m Gu] B]’?

2. œ[jßp UXokR È G’?

3. RY˚[Ÿm B˚UŸm Gu] ˘NnR’?

4. AYoLfiPu ˙Nok’ ˘LÙiP SiTu VÙo?

BVjRf NVpTÙ”

∏rY⁄m TÙP˚X BVjRf ˘NVpTÙPÙL S˚Pÿ˚\l

T”j’eLs.

""SÙu Ju˘\ufl ˘NÙp¤m˙TÙ’ J⁄ÿ˚\j RÙY‘m.

CWi˘Pufl ˘NÙp¤m˙TÙ’ CWi”ÿ˚\j RÙY‘m''

Gufl ·±,

""Íu˘\ufl ˘NÙu]Ù˙XÙ?''

UÙu K•V’

˘LÙdœ / T\˚Y T\kR’

RY˚[ RÙÆV’

NÙoh 2

œ[m ®˚\kR’.

RÙU˚W UXokR’.

B˚UŸm RY˚[ŸmÆ˚[VÙ•].

Si”m AYoLfiPu˙Nok’ LÙiP’.

183


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

®Lr‹ ˛ 3

L˚XYÙQ≤u L]‹ ˛ (L¶Rm)

""SÙu˘Lufl ˘NÙu]Ù˙XÙ?''

Gufl ˙Lh” œZk˚RLs ◊¨k’˘LÙiP ©u, ∏rY⁄m

TÙP˚X C˚N˙VÙ” TÙ”eLs.

ÿR≠p œZk˚RLs TÙP ˙Yi”m. øeLs ·flm

Gi¶d˚L˙LtT RÙÆ]Ùp ˙TÙ’m. ©u]o TÙ•d

˘LÙi˙P RÙYh”m.

6 Cu A±ÿLm.

6 Gi¶d˚LŸs[ œ›dLfidœ Bfl Gufl ˘TVo

„h”Y˙R Cf˘NVpTÙ”.

Æ⁄kß]oLfidœ EQ‹ T±UÙ\˙Yi”m. GjR˚]

Æ⁄kß]o GuT’ ÿu·h•j ˘R¨VÙ’. AYoLfidœj

˙R˚YVÙ] ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[d œZk˚RLs ˙NL¨dL

˙Yi”m. (TÙn, TÙjßWeLs, Rm[o...)

Gu˘]u] ˙NL¨dL ˙Yi”m?

C’˙TÙufl L¶Rl

TÙPpL˚[j ßWh• Yœl©p

TVuT”j’eLs

Ju˘\ufl ˘NÙp¤m ˙TÙ’

J⁄ÿ˚\ RÙY‘m! Jufl

CWi˘Pufl ˘NÙp¤m ˙TÙ’

CWi” ÿ˚\ RÙY‘m! Jufl... CWi”

Íu˘\ufl ˘NÙp¤m ˙TÙ’

Íufl ÿ˚\ RÙY‘m! Jufl... CWi”... Íufl

SÙu˘Lufl ˘NÙp¤m ˙TÙ’

SÙuœ ÿ˚\ RÙY‘m! Jufl... CWi”... Íufl... SÙuœ

Ik˘Rufl ˘NÙp¤m ˙TÙ’

Ik’ ÿ˚\ RÙY‘m! Jufl... CWi”... Íufl... SÙuœ... Ik’

B˘\ufl ˘NÙp¤m ˙TÙ’

Bfl ÿ˚\ RÙY‘m! Jufl... CWi”... Íufl... SÙuœ... Ik’... Bfl

H˘Zufl ˘NÙp¤m ˙TÙ’

H› ÿ˚\ RÙY‘m! Jufl... CWi”... Íufl... SÙuœ... Ik’... Bfl... H›

Gh˘Pufl NÙp¤m TÙ’

Gh” ÿ˚\ RÙY‘m! Jufl... CWi”... Íufl... SÙuœ... Ik’... Bfl... H›... Gh”

JuT˘Rufl ˘NÙp¤m ˙TÙ’

JuT’ ÿ˚\ RÙY‘m! Jufl... CWi”... Íufl... SÙuœ... Ik’... Bfl... H›.... JuT’

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


184

u C⁄lTRtœ ˙Yi•V £±V TÙn (LÙ°Rm)

u ˙R˚YVÙ] Rh”Ls (UßV EQÆtLÙL

œZk˚RLs ˘LÙi” Yk’s[ Rh”Ls)

u Rm[oLs (LÙ°R Rm[o), u LWi•Ls (Lm◊)

u TZeLs (TPm), u ©vLh”Ls (LÙ°Rm)

J⁄ œ› œZk˚RLs (6 ˙To) Æ⁄kß]WÙL Y⁄°u\]o.

SiToLs AY˚W YW˙Yt°u\]o.

C⁄d˚L J›eœ ˘NnŸm œ› Gi¶d˚Ld ˙LtT TÙn

˘LÙi” Y⁄Rp. Jq˘YÙ⁄Y⁄m AU⁄Rp.

AqYÙ\ÙL TÙjßWm, Rm[o, TZm, ©vLh ˙TÙu\˚Y

Æ⁄kß]⁄dœ Jq˘YÙu\ÙL G”j’ ˚YjRp.

Æ⁄kß]oLfidœ Ht\ Gi¶d˚LŸs[ ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[

G”d°u\ÙoLs GuT˚R Eflß ˘NnV ˙Yi”m. EQ‹

EiP©u Jq˘YÙ⁄ ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[Ÿm œ›dL[ÙdL

˙Yi”m. Jq˘YÙ⁄ œ›Ætœm Gu] ˘TVo ·\XÙm

GuT˚R BWÙV˙Yi”m.

6 Gu\ Gi¶d˚LŸs[ œ›Ætœ 6 Gufl ·\XÙm.

6 Gi¶d˚LŸs[ Tp˙Yfl ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[ œZk˚RLs

G”j’ YW YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

7 A±ÿLm

˙SÙdLm :

] H› Gi¶d˚LŸs[ ˘TÙ⁄hLfidœ 7

Gufl ˘TVo „h”Rp.

u ˙U˚P´≠⁄dœm H› T⁄dœ H› Èe˘LÙj’Ls

SpL Yi”m. S°Ø TÙjßWj˚R (©[Ùv•d Ll)

Èe˘LÙjRÙLl TÙÆdLXÙm.

u £Yl◊, UgNs, øXm B°V Íufl œ›dL[Ùd

œeLs.

u A˙R ®\ÿs[ YiQj RÙsL˚[ Adœ›d

Lfidœ ˘LÙ”eLs. ReLfidœd °˚PjR

YiQd LÙ°ReL˚[l TVuT”jßl ÈdLs

E⁄YÙdLh”m.

u ˙U˚P´p H› œZk˚RLs C⁄dLh”m. AYo

Lfidœ ÿu]Ùp H› Èe˘LÙj’L˚[ ˚YdL

˙Yi”m. ·”RXÙL˙YÙ œ˚\YÙL˙YÙ ˚Yd

LÙUp TÙoj’d LÙs[ Yi”m. U˚P´p Bfl

TÙ• U°Z

U˚Z˙V U˚Z˙V YÙ U˚Z˙V!

™u]p ™u≤P YÙ U˚Z˙V!


C•Ÿm C•jßP YÙ U˚Z˙V!


UWÿm S˚]kßP YÙ U˚Z˙V!


Ui˚Q S˚]jßP YÙ U˚Z˙V!


œ[j˚R ®˚\jßP YÙ U˚Z˙V!


UdLs YÙrkßP YÙ U˚Z˙V!

185


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

Èe˘LÙj’L[Ù Es[]? Gufl Lh” B˚\ ÆP

AßLUÙL Es[ Cdœ›˚Y 7 (H›) Gufl ·± 7I

A±ÿLlT”jR ˙Yi”m. 4, 5, 6, 7 Gufl ÿu]o

RVÙ¨jR ˘RÙœl©≠⁄k’ 7 u ˘RÙœl◊ ⁄YÙdL

YÙnlT∞dL Yi”m.

u Tp˙Yfl TÙ⁄hLs TVuT”jß (5, 6, 7) B°VYt

±u RÙœl◊Ls E⁄YÙdL YÙnlT∞dL Yi”m.

AR]•lT˚P´p,

u ·”Rp ˘TÙ⁄hLfis[ ˘RÙœl◊Ls G˚Y?

u œ˚\YÙ] ˘TÙ⁄hLfis[ ˘RÙœl◊Ls G˚Y?

Gufl ˙Lh”d LXk’˚WVÙP ˙Yi”m.

8 A±ÿLm

TPjß¤s[’ TÙp 8 LhPeLfis[ LhPj˚Rj R˚W´p

Y˚WŸeLs.

Jq˘YÙufl ≈Rm GpXÙd LhPeL∞¤m ™hPÙnLs

˚YdL ˙Yi”m. ARtœj ˙R˚YVÙ] ™hPÙnL˚[d

œZk˚RLs ˙NL¨dLh”m. (LpRÙu ™hPÙn)

u N¨VÙL 8 ˙NL¨d°\ÙoL[Ù?

u Jq˘YÙu±¤m Jq˘YÙufl ≈Rm ˚Yd°\Ùo

L[Ù?

ClTÙP˚Xf ˘Nn˚LlTÙPXÙLl TÙ• S•dL

u JuT’ œZk˚RLs

Y¨˚NVÙL AUok’

C⁄dLh”m.

u AYW’ LL˚[ UÙh

”Ls ˙TÙX R˚Xdœ

˙UXÙLd œÆj’ ˚Yd

Lh”m.

u J⁄ œZk˚R œPj ßp

RiΩo ˘LÙi” Yk’

ÿRp œZk˚R´u

R˚X´p FtflY’ TÙX

S•dLh”m.

u AUok’s[ œZk˚R

R]’ ˚LL˚[ UXo

L˚[l˙TÙX UXWf Nn

Vh”m.

u CqYÙfl ˘RÙPok’

JuT’ œZk˚Rdœm

Ft\h”m.

u B£¨V⁄m Ut\ œZk

˚RLfim YhPjßp

®ufl TÙP˚X CWÙLj

˙RÙ” TÙPh”m.

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


186

Æ˚[VÙh” ÍXm L¶Rm

T´pY’ BoYj˚Rj

Ái”Y˙RÙ” Lt\˚X G∞RÙdœm

ApXYÙ!

u AßLUÙLf ˙NL¨j’s[ÙoL[Ù?

u œ˚\YÙLd ˘LÙi”YkR˚R D”LhP ¡i”m

˙NL¨d°\ÙoL[Ù?

˘RÙPok’,

1 ÿRp 8 Y˚WŸs[ ˘RÙœl◊L∞¤s[ ˘TÙ⁄hL˚[l

©¨j˘R”j’ 8 u ˘RÙœl◊Ls E⁄YÙdL YÙnlT∞dL

˙Yi”m.

9 A±ÿLm

˙SÙdLm :

] JuT’ ˘TÙ⁄hL[Pe°V ˘RÙœl©tœ 9

(JuT’) Gufl ˘TVo „h”Rp.

YiQl ˘Tu£p ˘Th• GpXÙd œZk˚RL∞Pm

C⁄dœUpXYÙ.

JuT’ LhPeLs Y˚WYRt˙LtT J⁄ RÙ˚[ JuT’

LhPeLs °˚Pdœm YiQm UPd°d LÙ”dL Yi”m.

ReLfidœ °˚PjR RÙ∞¤s[ JuT’ LhPeL∞p JuT’

YiQl˘Tu£pL˚[ œZk˚RLs ˚YdLh”m.

Jq˘YÙ⁄ œZk˚RŸm ˚YjR ˘Tu£pL˚[f ˙NL¨jR

J⁄ CWlTo SÙPÙÆp —t± AYWYo RÙ∞p ˚YŸeLs.

Cj ˘RÙœl©tœ Gu] ˘TVo ˚YdLXÙm? Gufl ˙Lh”,

Cj˘RÙœl◊ 9 Gufl A±ÿLm ˘NnŸeLs.

u C’Y˚W E⁄YÙd°V 2 ÿRp 8 Y˚W ˘RÙœl◊

L∞u ˘TVoL˚[ ®˚]‹T”jßd ·\ YÙnl

T∞ŸeLs.

u 9 ◊jRLeLs APe°V RÙœl◊L[ÙdL YÙnlT∞

ŸeLs.

u 8 TÙ⁄hLs APe°V RÙœl˚T JuTRÙdœY’

GlT•?

u GkRj ˘RÙœlT∞jRÙ¤m ARu A”jR Gi¶d

˚LŸs[ ˘RÙœlTÙL UÙtflY˘RlT•?

LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs. ∏rdLÙ‘m ˘NVpTÙ”L˚[Ÿm

˘NnVXÙm.

u A”jR”j’s[ C⁄ GiLfid°˚P˙VŸs[

GjR˚] ˘RÙPo◊L˚[ ·\ÿ•Ÿm?

u EeLs ≈h•¤s[YoLs EQ‹ EiQ GjR˚]

Rh”Ls ˙Yi”m?

Jufl CWi” Íufl

SÙuœ Ik’

Bfl H› Gh”JuT’

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187


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

u EeLs ≈h•¤s[ Jq˘YÙ⁄Y⁄dœm œ˚P

EiPÙ? GjR˚] œ˚PLs Es[]?

u Gßp AßL[‹ NdLWeLs Es[]? LÙ¨XÙ? Bh

˙PÙÆXÙ?

u EeLs ≈h•p ˙LÙØ Y[od°»oL[Ù? GjR˚]

˙LÙØLs? AYt±tœ GjR˚] œg—Ls Es[]?

u vPÙm©h TVuT”jß œ±l©hP Gi¶d ·\

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

U¶˙VÙ˚N

J⁄ œZk˚R˚V U¶V•dLf ˘NÙp¤eLs.

GjR˚] ÿ˚\ A•d°\Ùs Gufl Ut\ œZk˚RLs

Gi¶f ˘NÙpX YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

Æ˚[VÙPXÙm

Bfid˘LÙ⁄ Gi ≈Rm 9 œZk˚RLfidœm GiQh˚P

˘LÙ”eLs ( 1˛ 9) Gi Y¨˚NlT• Y¨˚NVÙL ®tLh”m.

CR]•lT˚P´p,

u VÙ⁄dœ 9 °˚PjR’?

u VÙ⁄dœ 7 °˚PjR’.

u 8˛tœ ÿu]Ùp ®tT’ VÙo?

u 3˛tœm 4˛tœm C˚P´p ®tT’ VÙo?

˙TÙu\ Æ]ÙdL˚[d ˙Lh”d LXk’˚WVÙ”eLs.

L˚R˙VÙhPm

®Lr‹ Íu±tLÙ] L˚R˙VÙhPj˚Rd ·fleLs.

" "K! C’ Guflm œ[dL˚Wdœ Æ˚[VÙP Y⁄m

L˚XYÙQu B´t˙\! AVok’ E\e°ÆhPÙu ˙TÙp

˘R¨°\’!'' RY˚[ ˘NÙu]’.

u L˚XYÙQu E\eLd LÙWQm Gu]YÙL

C⁄dœm?

u øeLs E\eœm ˙TÙ’ L]‹ LiP’iPÙ?

u GlT•lThP L]‹?

Jq˘YÙ⁄Y⁄dœm AYWYo LiP L]‹L˚[f ˘NÙpX

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

£\lTÙLf ˘NÙu] UÙQY˚]l TÙWhP U\dL ˙YiPÙm.

" "L˚XYÙQu Ei˚U´p Gu] L]‹ LiPÙu

˘R¨ŸUÙ?'' Gufl ˙Lh”l TÙPlTœßdœs ÷˚ZŸeLs.

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


188

L˚XYÙQ≤u L]‹

TPm TÙoj’ Gi‘Rp

˙SÙdLm :

] 6, 7, 8, 9 B°V GiQp GiL˚[

Gi¶d ·flRp.

u ÿRp TPjßp L˚XYÙQ≤u L]Æp YkR

SiToLs GjR˚] ˙To?

u CWiPÙY’ TPjßp L˚XYÙQ≤u L]Æp YkR

SiToLs GjR˚] ˙To?

u Íu\ÙY’ TPjßp L˚XYÙQ≤u L]Æp YkR

SiToLs GjR˚] ˙To?

u SÙuLÙY’ TPjßp L˚XYÙQ≤u L]Æp YkR

SiToLs GjR˚] ˙To?

˙TÙu\ ˙LsÆLs ˙Lh”l TPeL˚[ Gi¶l TÙodL

YÙnl◊ ˘LÙ”eLs.

˙U¤m TPeL∞p Es[ ThPeLs, C˚XLs

BiœZk˚RLs, TiœZk˚RLs, LhPm TÙhP Nh˚P

˙TÙhPYoLs G]l TXYt˚\Ÿm Gi¶d ·\

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

˘NÙp¤eL! ˘NÙp¤eL!! GjR˚] ˙Yi”m?

˙SÙdLm :

] œ±l©hP Gi¶d˚L˚V Gi¶

G”jRp.

Yœl©p CWi” YhPm Y˚WŸeLs. EsYhPm

£±VRÙL‹m Y∞YhPm T¨VRÙL‹m C⁄dLh”m. Es

YhPjßp ®˚\V œu±ÿj’ / UgNÙ• Æ˚R / ◊∞V

Æ˚RL˚[ Ch” YŸeLs. Y∞YhPjßp œZk˚RLs

YhPUÙL ®tLh”m,

""˘NÙp¤eL! ˘NÙp¤eL!! GjR˚] ˙Yi”m?'' Gufl

˙LfieLs.

""øeL ˘NÙp¤eL GjR˚] ˙Yi”m?'' Gufl ˘NÙp≠d

˘LÙi˙P œZk˚RLs Kh”m.

" "Bfl Gufl ˘NÙp¤eLs!' ' œZk˚RLs K”Y˚R

®fljßÆh”f £±V YhPjß¤s[ Bfl ÿj’L˚[

Gi¶ G”dLh”m; EeL∞Pm LÙhPh”m.

Ee-Ls Yœl-©p AY-£-VmC⁄dL ˙Yi-•-V˚Y

u L¶-Rf ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls˘NnV TÙ’-UÙ] A[‹LtLs / Æ˚R-Ls,

u TPj ˘RÙœl-◊-Ls (TÙPdL⁄j-˙RÙ” ˘RÙPo -◊ -T-”jß SÙm Tjß-¨-d˚L-L-∞-≠-⁄k-’m ˘NnßjRÙsL∞≠⁄k-’m ˘Yh•˘V”j’ ˚Yj-R-˚Y)

u Gi-Qh-˚P-Ls, G›j-Rh-˚P-Ls (˙X™-˙]h˘Nn’ ˚Yl-T’ Sp-X’)

u œZk-˚R-Ls G›-ßV/Y˚WkR T˚Pl◊L˚[˘Y∞-´P Yœl◊ A±-Æl-◊l TX˚L

u NÙoh-”-Ls, TPe-Ls˙TÙu\Yt- \j RÙe-L-ÆP YN-ß-VÙL L´fl

u TPe-Ls ®˚\k-R-’mG›j-’l Tœ-ß-Ls œ˚\-YÙ-]-’-UÙ] ◊j-R-Le-Ls.

u £fl-Yo Tj-ß-¨-˚L-Ls(—h• ÆL-Pu, ˙LÙœp,˘Nn-ßj-RÙs-L -fi-PuY⁄m £flYo CRr-Ls

u vPÙml Ch,

u T˚N, Yi-Ql-˘Tu£pLs, Lj-R-¨d-˙LÙp

˙TÙu\ ˘TÙ⁄h-L-˚[ LpÆVÙi-•u BWm-Tj-ß-˙X˙VYœl-©p C⁄d--œm-T• TÙoj-’d ˘LÙs-Y’ Sp-X-’. ARt-LÙLl ◊j-R-Lj-˚R-Ÿm B£-¨-VoT‡-Y-˚XŸm ÿu-]˙WYÙ£j’l ˘TÙ⁄s-L-∞u Th-•V-˚Xj RVÙo ˘Nn’ ˘LÙs-fie-Ls.

189


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

u A˚]Y⁄m LÙh•V ©u, ¡i”m Æ˚[VÙh”

˘RÙPWh”m.

u H›, Gh”, JuT’ Gufl GiL˚[ UÙt± UÙt±d

·fleLs.

u GiQ CVXÙR œZk˚RLfidœ ER‹eLs.

TÙ• U°r˙YÙm

˙SÙdLm :

] Jufl ÿRp JuT’ Y˚W GiL∞u

Y¨Y•Ym A±Rp.

u øeLs Gu˘]u] Æ˚[VÙh”Ls Æ˚[VÙ”

≈oLs?

u VÙ⁄Pu Æ˚[VÙ”≈oLs?

u Æ˚[VÙ”m ˙TÙ’ TÙh”l TÙ”Y’ EiPÙ?


J⁄ £X⁄dœ Æ˚[VÙh”L˚[l Tt±f ˘NÙpX

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

˘Sp≠dLÙn LÙ”dLXÙm

˙SÙdLm :

] 6 ÿRp JuT’ Y˚W Gi˚QŸm AYt

±u G›j’ Y•Yj˚RŸm ˘TÙ⁄j’Rp.

u ÿRp TPjßp GjR˚] ˙To Es[]o?

u GjR˚] ˘Sp≠dLÙnLs Es[]? Gi¶l

TÙ⁄eLs.

Gufl ˘NÙp≠l TPeL˚[Ÿm ˘Sp≠dLÙnL˚[Ÿm

Gi‘YRtœj Ái”eLs.

AqYÙfl Jq˘YÙ⁄ TPj˚Rl Tt±Ÿm, Æ]ÙdLs ˙Lh”

Jq˘YÙ⁄ TPjß¤m Es[ œZk˚RL˚[Ÿm

˘Sp≠dLÙnL˚[Ÿm Gi¶l TÙodLj Ái”eLs.

˘NÙp¤eL! ˘NÙp¤eL!! GjR˚] ˙Yi”m?

˙SÙdLm :

] Jufl ÿRp JuT’ Y˚W G›j’⁄dL˚[

C]m LÙ‘Rp.

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


190

u NÙoh ˙TlT˚W ˘Yh• Jufl ÿRp JuT’

GiL˚[ G›jRÙp G›ßd ˘LÙsfieLs.

u Gi Ah˚PLs œZk˚RL∞u Gi¶d˚Ldœ

Ht\YÙfl C⁄dLh”m. Jq˘YÙ⁄Y⁄dœm Jufl

≈Rm °˚PdL ˙Yi”m.

u ˘T¨V YœlTÙL C⁄kRÙp, CWi” Íufl

œ›dL[ÙLl ©¨j’ Æ˚[VÙPf ˘NnVXÙm.

u ÿu Yœl◊L∞p NnR ""˘NÙp¤eL! NÙp¤eL!!''

˘NVpTÙh˚P SPj’eLs.

u œ±l©hP Gi˚Qf NÙp¤m TÙ’ œZk˚RLs

G›jRÙp G›ßV Ah˚P˚V ÿR≠p Li”

©•dLh”m. ©u ARtœj RœkR Gi˚Q Gi¶

G”dLh”m.

L]‹ L˚XkR’

u L˚XYÙQ≤u L]‹ L˚XVd LÙWQm Gu]?

u øeLs Gl˙TÙRÙY’ L]‹ Li” TVkR’ EiPÙ?


u L˚XYÙQ˚]f —t±¤m GjR˚] ˘Sp≠dLÙn

Æ›k’ °Pd°u\]?

u AY]’ R˚X¡’s[ ˘Sp≠dLÙ˚VŸm ˙Noj’

˘UÙjRm GjR˚]?

˙TÙu\ ˙LsÆLs ˙Lh”l TPj˚R Etfl ˙SÙdLj Ái

”eLs.

Y¨Y•Ym G›RXÙm

˙SÙdLm :

] Gi‘⁄ G›’Rp

u 6, 7, 8, 9 B°V GiL˚[d ˘LÙ”dLlTh”s[

LhPeL∞p G›’m ˘NVpTÙh˚P YœlT˚\´p

SPj’eLs.

u GiL˚[ G›’m ÿ˚\˚V (Geœ RÙPe° Geœ

ÿ•dL ˙Yi”m) GpXÙd œZk˚RLfim LÙ‘m

YiQm T—mTX˚L´p ˘T¨VRÙL G›’eLs.

u øeLs G›ßV Gi‘⁄ ˙Up G›R œZk˚R

Lfidœ YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

u ©u]o AYWYo ◊jRLjßp œZk˚RLs RÙUÙL

Gi‘⁄dL˚[ G›Rh”m.

Ußl¿h”d œ±l◊Ls

A. L⁄j’ Eh˘LÙi”

˘NÙtL˚[ YÙ£d°\Ùu.

B. £X ˘NÙtL˚[ YÙ£dL

CVXÆp˚X. ˙U¤m

˘R∞‹ ˙R˚YlT”°\’.

C. YÙ£dL CVXÆp˚X.

£X G›j’L˚[ Uh”m

A˚PVÙ[m LÙi°\Ùu.

CmUßl¿h”dœ±l◊L∞u

A•lT˚P´p Ußl©h”,

˙U¤m G›j’L˚[ AYu

C]m LÙiTRtœj R˚Y

VÙ] EP]• ERÆL˚[f

˘NnŸeLs.

œ±l©hP NÙtLs, G›j

’Ls RÙPok’ YWd·•V

ÆRjßX £X YÙd°V Ah

˚PLs, NÙp Ah˚PL˚[

E⁄YÙd°, ©uRe°V UÙQ

YoLfidLÙLl TVuT”j

’eLs.

RœkR ˙SWjßp EP]•

ERÆLs ˘NnŸm˙TÙ’

Uh”˙U ©uRe°V UÙQ

YoL [ ÿu‡dœd LÙi”

YW CV¤m ApXYÙ!

191


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

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Gi‘˙YÙm G›’˙YÙm

˙SÙdLm :

] TPeL˚[ Gi¶ GiL˚[d

Li”©•j’ G›’˙YÙm.

u Cf˘NVpTÙh˚P J⁄ ˙TÙh•VÙL SPj’eLs.

u ""VÙo ÿR≠p GpXÙl Th•L∞¤m G›’°»oLs?''

Gufl NYÙpÆh” œZk˚RLs Cf˘NVpTÙh˚Pf

˘NnVj Ái”eLs.

u œZk˚RLs RUdœs NLUßl¿” SPjR

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

J∞kß⁄lT’ VÙo?

˙SÙdLm :

] Æ”lThP GiL˚[d Li”©•j’

G›’Rp

u GjR˚] ÈdLs Es[]?

u ÈdL∞p G›ß´⁄dœm GiLs G˚Y?

u GjR˚] ÈdLs U˚\k’s[]?

u AYt±p Es[ GiLs G˚Y?

˙TÙu\ ˙LsÆLs ˙Lh” Æ”ThP GiL˚[d

Li”©•j’ G›R YÙnlT∞ŸeLs.

J∞kß⁄lT’ VÙo?

˙SÙdLm :

] TPm Y˚WŸm T´t£

] R˚NlT´t£

] GiL˚[ Y¨˚NVÙL C˚QjRp

u Jufl ÿRu JuT’ Y˚WŸs[ GiL˚[

Y¨˚NVÙL C˚QdLh”m.

u E⁄YÙœm ¡u Y•Yjßtœ YiQm æh•

U°Zh”m.

Gi¶ G›’˙YÙm

˙SÙdLm :

] TPj˚R Etfl˙SÙdœRp, GiL˚[

Gi¶ G›’Rp.

U˚Z Y⁄’

U˚Z Y⁄’

U˚Z Y⁄’

˘Sp¤d œj’eL

ÿdLÙlT• A¨£ ˙TÙh”

ÿfldœ —”eL

˙R•Y⁄m UÙl©s˚[dœ

G”j’ ˚YŸeL

—mUÙ Y⁄m UÙl©s˚[dœ

„” ˚YŸeL

TÙ• U°Z

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


192

Cf˘NVpTÙh˚P ≈h”f NVpTÙPÙLd œZk˚RLs NnV

YÙnlT∞ŸeLs. AYoLs G›ß YkR˚R Ußl©h”j RW

®oQVm ˘NnŸeLs.

L˚R˙VÙhPm

®Lr‹ SÙu°tLÙ] L˚R˙VÙhPj˚Rd ·fleLs.

u TÙdœ Uh˚P˚V ˚Yj’ A˚Y Gu] ˘Nnß

⁄dœm?

u TPœ RiΩ¨p ™Rkß⁄dœUÙ?

u VÙo TP˚L Kh•´⁄lTÙo?


œZk˚RLs ·flm L⁄j’L˚[l T—mTX˚L / NÙoh•p

G›ßf ˘NÙtL˚[Ÿm G›j’L˚[Ÿm A˚PVÙ[m LÙQ

ER‹eLs.

YÙ£l◊ EjßL˚[l TVuT”jß YÙ£dLf ˘NnŸeLs.

RiΩ⁄m RY˚[Ÿm

˙SÙdLm :

] TPdL˚RL˚[ Etfl˙SÙd°d L˚R˚Vd

·flY’.

Jq˘YÙ⁄ TPj˚RŸm ˚UVlT”jß Æ]ÙdLs ˙LhL

˙Yi”m.

u TPjßp VÙ˘WpXÙm Es[]o?

u AYoLs Gu] ˘Nn’ ˘LÙi•⁄d°\ÙoLs?

u TP°p ’”l◊l ˙TÙ”Y’ VÙo?

u B˚U Ge˙L AUokß⁄d°\’?

u ˘LÙdœ Gu] ˘Nn°\’?

˙TÙu\ ˙LsÆLs ˙Lh” LXk’˚WVÙPXÙm.

©u C˚R J⁄ L˚R Y•Æp ·flYRtœ YÙnlT∞dL

˙Yi”m.

L˚R R˚PlT”m˙TÙ’ ˙LsÆLs ˙Lh”m £X Æ[dLe

Ls ˘LÙ”j’m L˚R˚Vj ˘RÙPW YÙnlT∞dLXÙm.

®Lr‹ ˛ 4

RiΩ⁄m RY˚[Ÿm

YÙ£

dL ÿ

•-Ÿ

UÙ?

YZ

-YZ

LÙZ

˘LÙZ

YÙ˚

Zl-T-Z

mH

›-U

˚X

≈h

-•p

T›

jR T

Zm

H›

TZ

m G

]dœ

H›

TZ

m E

]dœ

YZ

-YZ

LÙZ

˘LÙZ

YÙ˚

Zl-T-Z

m

193


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

E˚WVÙ”eLs..... G›’eLs

˙SÙdLm :

] L˚R˚V ÿ›˚UVÙdL, LXk’˚WVÙP

BoYj˚Rj ÁiPp.

u TPœ Gu] B´⁄dœm?

u TP°p C⁄kRYoLs Rl©jß⁄lTÙoL[Ù?

u TPœ LÆk’ ˙TÙLd LÙWQm Gu]?

u œ[jßtœj ß⁄mT Gu] ßhPm

æh•´⁄lTÙoLs?

˙TÙu\ ˙LsÆLs ˙Lh”d LXk’˚WVÙPp.

A˚]j’d œZk˚RLfim LXk’˚WVÙP≠p Te˘L”jR

©u, ClTPd L˚R˚Vd œZk˚RLfidœ BoYm

EiPÙœm Y˚L´p, œWp Ht\ C\dLj˙RÙ” ·fleLs.

J⁄ œ[jßp B˚UŸm RY˚[Ÿm Si”m Y£j’

Yk’fNÙm! J⁄ SÙs A˚Y œ[dL˚W´p Æ˚[

VÙ•d ˘LÙi•⁄kR ˙TÙ’ Lt\•f—RÙm! TÙdœ

UWj’X C⁄k’ J⁄ Uh˚P ∏Z Æ›k’fNÙm! BaÙ!

AZLÙ] Uh˚PVÙ C⁄dœ˙R! œ[j’X TPœ Nn’

Æ˚[VÙPXÙUÙ! Gufl B˚U ˙LhPRÙm.

Gu\ ÿ˚\´p ÿ›d L˚R˚VŸm Æ¨‹T”jßd ·fl≈o

Ls ApXYÙ!

SÙ˙] YÙ£l˙Tu

˙SÙdLm :

] ÿuTÙPeL∞p Lt\ G›j’Ls APe°V

YÙd°VeL˚[f —VUÙL YÙ£jRp.

ÿuTÙPeL∞p Lt\ G›j’Ls, ClTÙPjßp A±ÿLm

˘NnR G›j’Ls B°VYt˚\l TVuT”jß YÙd°VeLs

E⁄YÙdLlTh”s[].

UÙQYoLs —VUÙL YÙ£jRÙp, AYu ˙UtLiP

G›j’L˚[ A˚PVÙ[m Li”s[Ùu G] Eflßl

T”jRXÙm.

G]˙Y B£¨˚V UÙQYoL˚[ Ußl©P ClTœß˚Vl

TVuT”jRXÙm.

CPm UÙ±l TÙf—!

'G]dœ Cufl Gu]˙UÙN¨´p˚X. SÙu G›’Y˘RpXÙm CPUÙ±l ˙TÙ°\’"" Gufl S•j’ œZk˚RLfidœ Suœ ˘R¨kR J⁄˘NÙp≠u G›j’dL˚[ CPUÙt± G›’eLs.

" "C’ Gu]˘Yufl ·\ÿ•ŸUÙ?'' Gufl ˙LfieLs.œZk˚RLs Li” ©•j’ÆhPÙp,

""C’ —XTUÙ]’. AR]ÙpLi”©•j’ÆhºoLs. C≤SÙu G›’Y˚Rd Li”©•dL ÿ•ŸUÙ?' ' GuflNYÙp Æh”,

""VÙo VÙo N¨VÙLd Li”©•d°\ÙoLs Gufl G]dœj˘R¨V‘m. G]˙Y Gp˙XÙ⁄m SÙu L⁄m TX˚L´pG›’m ˘NÙtL˚[ N¨VÙd°AYWYo Hh•p G›’eLs''Gufl ˘NÙp≠ L⁄mTX˚L´p G›’eLs. œZk˚RLsCPm UÙ±Ÿs[ G›j’dL˚[ N¨VÙL A”d°N¨VÙ] ˘NÙtL˚[ G›Rh”m.

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


194

L˚R SWm

˙SÙdLm ;

] L˚R ˙LhL‹m ˘NÙpX‹m ß\u ˘TflRp.

œWp Ht\ C\dLj˙RÙ”m, ÿLTÙY UÙt\j˙RÙ”m EQo‹

ÈoYUÙL‹m TÙPlTœß´p ˘LÙ”dLlTh”s[ L˚R˚V

YÙ£j’d LÙhP Yi”m.

Cflß´p L˚R˚V ÿ›˚UVÙLd ·\ œZk˚RLfidœ

YÙnlT∞dL Yi”m.

L˚R ·flm ß\˚] Y[odL C’ ER‹m.

SÙu Lt\ ˘NÙtLs

˙SÙdLm :

] UÙQYu RÙu C]m LiP / Lt\

˘NÙtL˚[ G›’Rp.

A

AmUÙ

A•

Am™

B

B˚U

B”

B•

C

C˚X

C•

C˚N

D

DWm

Dh•

DVm

NÙoh 3

TÙdœUh˚P˚V TPLÙLTVuT”jß].

BTj’ Gufl ˘LÙdœ˘NÙu]’.

TPœ LÆrkR’.

1. TPLÙL G˚Rl TVuT”jß B˚UŸmSiToLfim Æ˚[VÙ•]?

2. BTj’ Gufl ˘NÙu]’ VÙo?

3. TPœ Gu] B]’?

195


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

A

B

C

D

E

m, l, d, j

h, p, q

i, s, o, f

#Ù

#ı

#ˆ

˚#

˘#

U,T, L, R, P, X, Y

UÙ, TÙ, LÙ, RÙ, PÙ, XÙ, YÙ

¡, ¿, ∏, æ, º, ƒ, ≈

˚U, ˚T, ˚L, ˚R, ˚P, ˚X, ˚Y

˘U, ˘T, ˘L, ˘R, ˘P, ˘X ˘Y

], [, W, N

]Ù, [Ù, WÙ, NÙ

≤, ∞, ¨, £

…, «, √, ∫

˚], ˚[, ˚W, ˚N

˘], ˘[, ˘W, ˘N

C’Y˚Wd

Lt\ E´o

G›j’Ls

C’Y˚WdLt\˘UnG›j’Ls

C’Y˚Wd Lt\J≠j ’˚Qd

œ±¬”Ls

C’Y˚Wd Lt\ E´o ˘UnG›j’Ls

AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z


196

T´t-£jRÙs

1. TPYÙ£l◊

H˙R-‡m U˚Zd LÙh-£-Ls APe-°V J⁄ TPj˚Rd LÙh”eLs.œZk- R-Ls TPj˚R Et-fld LY-≤j’ LÙh-£-L˚[ £fl YÙd-°-Ve-L-[Ù-Ld ·\h-”m.

2. E˚W-VÙ-Pp.

U˚Zdœ ÿu, U˚Z Tn-Ÿm TÙ’ U˚Zd-œl-©u Re-L-[’U˚Z A‡-T-Yj- Rd ·\h-”m.

3. YÙ£j-Rp

TZm TZm UÙm-T-Zm

TZm TZm TXÙl-T-Zm

˘Yh• ˘Yh• RÙ RÙ

AmUÙ AmUÙ RÙ RÙ.

4. G›-’-Rp.

" D ' Gu\ G›j-ßp RÙPe-œm Íufl NÙt-L˚[ G›-’eLs.

5. UÙß¨ ˙TÙufl G›-’e-Ls.

Y• YÙ• Y•

Uh• - - - - - , - - - - - - ˛

Th˚P - - - - - , - - - - - - ˛

Lh• - - - - - , - - - - - - ˛

6. " ˚X ' Gu\ G›j-ßp ÿ•-Ÿm Íufl ˘NÙt-L˚[ G›’eLs.

197


AXœ ˛ 3, U˚Z

7. Æ”-ThP Gi-L˚[ G›-’.

1 3 ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ 9

8. N -VÙ-]-Yt-±tœ PPPPP A˚P-VÙ-[ÿm RY-\Ù-]-Yt-±tœ OOOOO A˚P-VÙ-[-ÿm C”-L.

9. ˘T¨V Gi˚Q Yh-P-™-”e-Ls.

9 5 7

1 3 410. TPm Y˚Wk’ Yi-Qm æh-”e-Ls.

3

6

9

unit 3 - kerala · 2014-08-22 · 167 b£-¨-vo t‡-yp yœl 1 axœ ˛ 3, u˚z v rœkr yiqels...

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