unit 20 why some countries are richer than others?
TRANSCRIPT
Unit 20
Why some countries are richer Why some countries are richer than others?than others?
Why some countries are richer Why some countries are richer than others?than others?
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?Production and incomeProduction and income
The production of a country is based on how its resources are being effectively used.
Its success depends on the supply of capital, the quality of its labour force and its level of technology.
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?Production and incomeProduction and income
Production = Natural resources (local / imported) + Labour + Technology + CapitalProduction = Natural resources (local / imported) + Labour + Technology + Capital
Living standard / Income level =Living standard / Income level = Total productionTotal production Total populationTotal population
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?Natural resourcesNatural resources
Countries like the United States of America with Countries like the United States of America with extensive fertile lowland, rich mineral wealth and extensive fertile lowland, rich mineral wealth and favourable climatic conditions have an excellent favourable climatic conditions have an excellent foundation for economic development. foundation for economic development.
There is a large piece of flatland in U.S.
The climatic condition of the United States is good for farming.
Tropical rain forest in Brazil
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?Natural resourcesNatural resources
A country with rich natural resources may notmay not necessarily be rich if these are not well developed.
Brazil is a good example.
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Population Population
A developed country has a highly efficient labour force and a low rate of unemployment.
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
PopulationPopulation
People in developed countries often have a high level of income and form a huge local market for the country’s products.
Japan has a big local market
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?PopulationPopulation
In a developing country overpopulation results in inadequate supply of food, facilities and services.
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?PopulationPopulation
The unemployment rate is high and the average income level is low. Savings are limited and little capital is formed.
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?PopulationPopulation
The living standard of an area will be lower if under population or over-population happens.
Population
Liv
ing
stan
dard
Under population Overpopulation
Relationship between living standard and population size
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?Technology Technology
Only with high technology can resources be efficiently developed.
Advanced technology
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?TechnologyTechnology
In developing countries the provision of education is far from adequate. There is little money for research and development purposes.
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Technology strengthens our country!
The People’s Republic of China has 2.8 million
scientists and technicians in 1999
TechnologyTechnology
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Capital formationCapital formation
Capital investment is needed to increase production.
However, in developing countries, capital is not readily available.
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Capital formationCapital formation
Many developing countries are troubled by political problems. This discourages foreign investors from investing in such countries.
There have been 30 revolutions and civil wars in Sri Lanka within 25 years.
Golden Gate Bridge in California
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?Capital formationCapital formation
In developed countries, political stability and good infrastructure help attract foreign investment.
Brooklyn bridge in New York
Wall street in New York
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?Capital formationCapital formation
In developed countries, capital can also be raised through a well-developed financial market.
The stock exchange in Japan
Price fluctuation of coffee
US ¢ per pound
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?Sources of incomeSources of income
Developing countries often rely on the export of only a few primary products.
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?
Why are there differences in the level of Why are there differences in the level of development between the developed and development between the developed and
developing countries?developing countries?The Vicious cycle of The Vicious cycle of developing developing countriescountries
Most of the developing countries are struggling far behind, trapped in a vicious cycle of poverty.
The gap between rich countries and poor countries is widening further.
Low consumption
Incr
easin
g pop
ulati
on
Mald
istrib
utio
n of
wealth
Foreig
n exp
loita
tion
Little savingsLow
demand Poverty among the bulk of the population
Low production
Low productivity
Poor health
Little capital formation
Malnutrition
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?Line graph
Time
Birth rate Death rate
Developing countries
Developed countries
Stage 1 High Stationary
Stage 2 Early Expanding
Stage 3 Late Expanding
Stage 3 Low Stationary
Bir
th r
ate
and
deat
h ra
te p
er 1
000
pop
ulat
ion
Nigeria
United Kingdom
The population transition stages and the birth and death rate of the United Kingdom and Nigeria
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?Bar graph
Lif
e ex
pect
ancy
at b
irth
Years Number
Female
Male
Nigeria United Kingdom Infant mortality /
1 000 births
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
per
1 0
00 b
irth
s
The life expectancy at birth and the infant mortality rate of the United Kingdom and Nigeria
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
U.K.U.K.
100%
57%
43%
Nigeria Nigeria
Literate
Illiterate
A higher literacy rate means a better provision of education
Pie charts
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
Pie charts
United Kingdom Nigeria
The population pyramids of the United Kingdom and Nigeria
Population pyramid
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
Triangular graph
Perc
enta
ge e
mpl
oyed
in p
rimar
y in
dust
ry
Percentage employed in tertiary/quaternary
industry
Percentage employed in primary industry
U.K.
Primary industry 2% Secondary industry 42% Tertiary industry 56%
Nigeria
Primary industry 53% Secondary industry 20% Tertiary industry 27%
Nigeria
U.K.
Unit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
How do we represent the differences in How do we represent the differences in the level of development?the level of development?
Pictograms
Doctor/ population
Newsprint per person per year in kg
629 persons
29.5 kg
4 692 persons
0.2 kg
U.K.
Nigeria
Terms to learnTerms to learnUnit 20 Why some countries are richer than others?
Vicious cycle (Vicious cycle ( 惡性循環惡性循環 )) – a situation that has the effect of causing the original problems to become more serious
Population transition (Population transition ( 人口過渡人口過渡 )) – a supposition that all countries or regions become more and more developed and their birth and death rates change accordingly
Population pyramid (Population pyramid ( 人口金字塔人口金字塔 )) – a graph designed to show the age and sex structure of the population of a country or region. Each horizontal bar represents the percentage of a certain age and sex group in the total population