unit 2: religion: consensus and conflict judaism

Unit 2: Religion: Unit 2: Religion: Consensus and ConflictConsensus and Conflict

JudaismJudaism

JudaismJudaism

I. The FaithI. The Faith

• 1850 BCE - Abram (Abraham) was 1850 BCE - Abram (Abraham) was summoned by God to journey to summoned by God to journey to Canaan.Canaan.

- - If he made a If he made a covenantcovenant with him with him recognizing him as the only true recognizing him as the only true

God, he God, he would give him and his would give him and his descendants the land of Canaan descendants the land of Canaan (Israel). (Israel).


• ““To your descendants I will give you To your descendants I will give you this land.” (Genesis 12:7)this land.” (Genesis 12:7)

- God’s revelation to Abraham.- God’s revelation to Abraham.

• ProblemProblem: Jews, Christians and Muslims all : Jews, Christians and Muslims all claim to be descendants of Abraham. So……claim to be descendants of Abraham. So……

Who gets the land?? Who gets the land??


• Since God revealed himself to Abraham, Since God revealed himself to Abraham, Jews felt that they are the “chosen people.”Jews felt that they are the “chosen people.”

- - “Now then, if you will indeed obey My voice and “Now then, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be My own keep My covenant, then you shall be My own

possession among all the peoples, for all the earth possession among all the peoples, for all the earth is is Mine.”Mine.” (Exodus 19:5)(Exodus 19:5)


• Canaan / Israel / Palestine Canaan / Israel / Palestine becomes the “Holy Land” becomes the “Holy Land” for the three monotheistic for the three monotheistic religions based on God’s religions based on God’s revelation to Abraham.revelation to Abraham.


• God gave Moses, a major God gave Moses, a major Jewish prophet, the Jewish prophet, the Ten Ten CommandmentsCommandments, the basis , the basis of the of the TorahTorah..

- - Mount SinaiMount Sinai- the 10 Commandments - the 10 Commandments

imposed the divine imposed the divine order order on the world and on the world and was a was a revelation of God’s revelation of God’s will.will.- 613 commandments in all- 613 commandments in all- governed every aspect of - governed every aspect of Jewish lifeJewish life- One of the main - One of the main commandments – “Thou shall commandments – “Thou shall not kill.”not kill.”

II. Persecution and StruggleII. Persecution and Struggle

• From the beginning, journeys and migrations have From the beginning, journeys and migrations have been crucial to the formation of Judaism.been crucial to the formation of Judaism.

- - Exodus from EgyptExodus from Egypt - return from Babylon- return from Babylon- Roman oppression- Roman oppression - Zionist project- Zionist project

• Forced and voluntary migrations have led to the Forced and voluntary migrations have led to the Jewish people to struggle to preserve their identity.Jewish people to struggle to preserve their identity.

• From the beginning, a “siege mentality” has been From the beginning, a “siege mentality” has been characteristic for Jews.characteristic for Jews.

- Egyptians- Egyptians - pagans- pagans - Christian Europe- Christian Europe- Babylonians- Babylonians - Romans- Romans - Muslims- Muslims

II. The StruggleII. The Struggle

1.1. Egyptian Enslavement & the ExodusEgyptian Enslavement & the Exodus

- - God instructed Moses to lead the Israelites to Canaan.God instructed Moses to lead the Israelites to Canaan.

- God afflicted the Egyptians with plagues.- God afflicted the Egyptians with plagues.

- the “Angel of Death” - the “Angel of Death” passed overpassed over the houses of the Jews the houses of the Jews and and killed the firstborn son in every Egyptian familykilled the firstborn son in every Egyptian family

-- PassoverPassover – the example to Jews that they are the chosen – the example to Jews that they are the chosen people.people.


1.1. Egyptian Enslavement & the ExodusEgyptian Enslavement & the Exodus

- The Pharaoh’s army pursued the Jews and caught them - The Pharaoh’s army pursued the Jews and caught them by the by the Reed Sea.Reed Sea.

- Once again God saved the Jews by parting the sea, - Once again God saved the Jews by parting the sea, allowing the allowing the Jews to escape. When the Egyptians Jews to escape. When the Egyptians followed they drowned.followed they drowned.

- Salvation of the “chosen people” means annihilation of - Salvation of the “chosen people” means annihilation of the the enemy.enemy.

Parting of the “Red Sea”Parting of the “Red Sea”

The real “Red Sea” or Sea of The real “Red Sea” or Sea of ReedsReeds


2. 722 BCE – 2. 722 BCE – The Kingdom of Israel was The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Assyrians.conquered by the Assyrians.

- - Ten northern tribes of Israel were deported and Ten northern tribes of Israel were deported and forced to assimilate. forced to assimilate.

- Jewish unity was broken prior to the invasion when - Jewish unity was broken prior to the invasion when the the northern tribes of the Kingdom of Israel broke from northern tribes of the Kingdom of Israel broke from the the southern Kingdom of Judah. southern Kingdom of Judah.


3. 3. Babylonian CaptivityBabylonian Captivity

- 589 BCE – Babylon destroyed Jerusalem, and most - 589 BCE – Babylon destroyed Jerusalem, and most of the of the inhabitants were deported to Babylonia. inhabitants were deported to Babylonia.

- Exile became a metaphor for sin as well as - Exile became a metaphor for sin as well as punishment. It punishment. It meant: meant:

- shame- shame - weakness- weakness - - vulnerabilityvulnerability

- desertion by God- desertion by God - banishment- banishment


3. 3. Babylonian CaptivityBabylonian Captivity

- The Babylonians were defeated by the Medes and - The Babylonians were defeated by the Medes and the the Persians in 538 Persians in 538 BCEBCE. .

- Persian king Cyrus gave the Jews permission to - Persian king Cyrus gave the Jews permission to return to their homeland and rebuild their Temple return to their homeland and rebuild their Temple

in in Jerusalem. Jerusalem.

- By giving the people of his empire autonomy, he - By giving the people of his empire autonomy, he felt they felt they would be more loyal and that their gods would be more loyal and that their gods would bless him.would bless him.

- Although 40,000 Jews left Babylon, most remained.- Although 40,000 Jews left Babylon, most remained.


• Many Jews chose not to return to the Holy Land. Many Jews chose not to return to the Holy Land. This is the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora – the This is the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora – the long history of Jews living outside of Israel.long history of Jews living outside of Israel.

The Babylonian CaptivityThe Babylonian Captivity


4. 4. Roman RuleRoman Rule

• For a period the Jewish people governed themselves again and were at peace with the Roman Empire. But internal divisions weakened the Jewish kingdom and allowed the Romans to establish control in 63 BCE.


4. 4. Roman RuleRoman Rule

- 66 - 70 - 66 - 70 CE – CE – Jewish Revolt failed to rid the Holy Land Jewish Revolt failed to rid the Holy Land of pagan of pagan Romans. Romans conquered Jerusalem and Romans. Romans conquered Jerusalem and burned down the burned down the Temple. Temple.

- 132 - 132 CE – CE – a second Jewish revolt resulted in a second Jewish revolt resulted in hundreds of hundreds of thousands of deaths and the banishment of thousands of deaths and the banishment of the Jews from the Jews from Jerusalem Jerusalem

- The “chosen people” had lost their land for a - The “chosen people” had lost their land for a second time and began a new exile which second time and began a new exile which

would last for would last for nearly two thousand years. nearly two thousand years.

The Siege and Destruction of The Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, 70 Jerusalem by the Romans, 70 CECE


4. 4. Roman Rule – the Christian periodRoman Rule – the Christian period

• 200-400’s 200-400’s CECE - Jews were allowed to become - Jews were allowed to become Roman citizens, but later were forbidden to own Roman citizens, but later were forbidden to own Christian slaves or to marry Christians. Christian slaves or to marry Christians.

• In 439 In 439 CECE the Romans banned synagogue the Romans banned synagogue building, and barred Jews from official jobs. building, and barred Jews from official jobs.


5. The Crusades5. The Crusades

• Although the Crusades were Christian wars waged Although the Crusades were Christian wars waged against the Muslims to regain control of the Holy against the Muslims to regain control of the Holy Land, violence was also perpetrated against the Land, violence was also perpetrated against the Jews.Jews.

- The armies of the first Crusade attacked Jewish communities - The armies of the first Crusade attacked Jewish communities on on their way to Palestine, especially in Germany. their way to Palestine, especially in Germany. - When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem they slaughtered - When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem they slaughtered and and enslaved thousands of Jews as well as Muslims. enslaved thousands of Jews as well as Muslims. - Following the example of the Romans earlier, they banned - Following the example of the Romans earlier, they banned Jews Jews from the city. from the city.


5. The Crusades5. The CrusadesWhy should Christians Why should Christians travel to "the ends of the travel to "the ends of the world to fight the world to fight the Saracens, when we Saracens, when we permit among us other permit among us other infidels a thousand times infidels a thousand times more guilty toward Christ more guilty toward Christ than the than the Mohammedans?”Mohammedans?”

- - The Abbot of ClunyThe Abbot of Cluny


6. Persecution in Europe (136. Persecution in Europe (13thth century – 16 century – 16thth century)century)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Judenstern_JMW.jpg


• 1215: the Catholic Church ordered Jews to live in 1215: the Catholic Church ordered Jews to live in segregated areas (ghettos) and to wear segregated areas (ghettos) and to wear distinctive clothes.distinctive clothes.

http://www.answers.com/topic/britlibcottonnerod1fol183vpersecutedjews-jpg


• In In EnglandEngland the Jews faced increasing restrictions the Jews faced increasing restrictions during the Thirteenth Century, and in 1290 they during the Thirteenth Century, and in 1290 they were all expelled from the country.were all expelled from the country.


• Shortly afterwards the Jews were expelled Shortly afterwards the Jews were expelled fromfrom FranceFrance..


• In 1478 the Jews in In 1478 the Jews in SpainSpain suffered under the suffered under the Spanish Inquisition, and in 1492 Jews were Spanish Inquisition, and in 1492 Jews were expelled from Spain altogether. The same thing expelled from Spain altogether. The same thing happened in Portugal in 1497.happened in Portugal in 1497.


• 50 years later in 50 years later in GermanyGermany, Martin Luther , Martin Luther (founder of Protestant Christianity) (founder of Protestant Christianity) preached viciously against the Jews.preached viciously against the Jews.

• ““We are at fault for not slaying them, We are at fault for not slaying them,

rather, we allow them to live freely in ourrather, we allow them to live freely in our

midst despite their murder, cursing, midst despite their murder, cursing,

blaspheming, lying and defaming.” blaspheming, lying and defaming.”

- The Jews and Their Lies (1543)- The Jews and Their Lies (1543)


• Towards the end of the 1700s Jews began to Towards the end of the 1700s Jews began to suffer persecution in central Europe, and in suffer persecution in central Europe, and in RussiaRussia they began to be restricted to living in a they began to be restricted to living in a particular area of the country, called The Pale. particular area of the country, called The Pale. There were brutal pogroms against Jews in which There were brutal pogroms against Jews in which they were ejected from their homes and villages, they were ejected from their homes and villages, and cruelly treated. and cruelly treated.


KonstantinKonstantinPobedonostsev (1827-Pobedonostsev (1827-

1907) – Russian 1907) – Russian official on the official on the “Jewish Question:” “Jewish Question:”

"One-third was to "One-third was to emigrate, one-third emigrate, one-third was to die, and one-was to die, and one-third to disappear third to disappear (i.e. be converted)."(i.e. be converted)."

The Roots of Anti-SemitismThe Roots of Anti-Semitism

1.1. ReligiousReligious

2.2. Racial / EthicRacial / Ethic

3.3. EconomicEconomic

4.4. SocialSocial

The Roots of Anti-Semitism: The Roots of Anti-Semitism: ReligiousReligious

1.1. Jews were/are depicted as the killers of Jesus by Jews were/are depicted as the killers of Jesus by ChristiansChristians

2.2. Accused of blood libel – the alleged Jewish Accused of blood libel – the alleged Jewish sacrifice of Christian children at Passover to sacrifice of Christian children at Passover to obtain blood for unleavened breadobtain blood for unleavened bread

The Roots of Anti-Semitism: The Roots of Anti-Semitism: Racial/EthnicRacial/Ethnic

• With the rise of nationalism in Europe in the 19With the rise of nationalism in Europe in the 19thth century, anti-semitism took on a racial character.century, anti-semitism took on a racial character.

- Jews were not part of any European “nation”- Jews were not part of any European “nation”

- Racially different and inferior- Racially different and inferior

- Anti-Semitic policies in Nazi Germany and - Anti-Semitic policies in Nazi Germany and the the Holocaust (1933-1945) Holocaust (1933-1945)

• Jews as a distinct nation or race – “racial Zionism”Jews as a distinct nation or race – “racial Zionism”

The Roots of Anti-Semitism: The Roots of Anti-Semitism: Racial/EthnicRacial/Ethnic

• The Holocaust was the horrible result of The Holocaust was the horrible result of extreme form of anti-Semitism.extreme form of anti-Semitism.

• Ironically, the Holocaust (and the Zionist Ironically, the Holocaust (and the Zionist movement) were the main factors that movement) were the main factors that caused Muslim anti-Jewish feelings.caused Muslim anti-Jewish feelings.

• It is incorrect to call Arabs anti-Semitic It is incorrect to call Arabs anti-Semitic because they are Semites themselves.because they are Semites themselves.

The Roots of Anti-Semitism:The Roots of Anti-Semitism:EconomicEconomic

• In the late Middle Ages, many of the guilds which In the late Middle Ages, many of the guilds which regulated trades and crafts excluded Jews. One of regulated trades and crafts excluded Jews. One of the few professions open to Jews was lending money the few professions open to Jews was lending money for interest, a practice considered a sin for Christians. for interest, a practice considered a sin for Christians. Jews also served as middle men for landowners, Jews also served as middle men for landowners, collecting taxes from their serfs and carrying out collecting taxes from their serfs and carrying out administrative tasks. The association of Jews with administrative tasks. The association of Jews with these activities increased Christian antipathy for, and these activities increased Christian antipathy for, and suspicion of, Jews. These negative notions about Jews suspicion of, Jews. These negative notions about Jews have persisted to the present even though Christians have persisted to the present even though Christians now engage in these activities, and Jews have gained now engage in these activities, and Jews have gained access to many trades formerly restricted to the access to many trades formerly restricted to the Jewish communityJewish community..

- From the Florida Holocaust Museum- From the Florida Holocaust Museum


• The first victims of the The first victims of the religious intolerance of the religious intolerance of the king were the Jews who were king were the Jews who were often the bankers of the often the bankers of the kingdom. Since it was, in kingdom. Since it was, in theory, prohibited to the theory, prohibited to the Christians, the Church Christians, the Church condemned any financial condemned any financial transaction comprising the transaction comprising the payment of interest. The payment of interest. The miniature shows a Jewish miniature shows a Jewish money lender who wears a money lender who wears a yellow witch's hat. He counts yellow witch's hat. He counts gold coins and gives them in a gold coins and gives them in a bag to a Christian. The closed bag to a Christian. The closed door, on the left, symbolizes door, on the left, symbolizes the clandestinity of the act. the clandestinity of the act.

• http://flholocaustmuseum.org/history_http://flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/antisemitism/crusades.cfm#econwing/antisemitism/crusades.cfm#economicomic

http://flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/antisemitism/crusades.cfm#economic




• Medieval Medieval iconography is iconography is filled with images filled with images of Jews engaged in of Jews engaged in financial activities financial activities and often implies and often implies that Jews are that Jews are draining resources draining resources from the Christian from the Christian community. community.

• http://flholocaustmuseum.ohttp://flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/antisemitisrg/history_wing/antisemitism/crusades.cfm#economicm/crusades.cfm#economic





• A Biblical scene in a A Biblical scene in a German church: Judas is German church: Judas is counting money—his counting money—his reward for betraying Jesus. reward for betraying Jesus. He is portrayed as a He is portrayed as a medieval Jew wearing the medieval Jew wearing the obligatory pointed hat. obligatory pointed hat. Church of Naumburg, Church of Naumburg, Germany, Thirteenth Germany, Thirteenth Century. Century.

• http://flholocaustmuseum.org/histhttp://flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/antisemitism/crusades.cfory_wing/antisemitism/crusades.cfm#economicm#economic




The Roots of Anti-Semitism:The Roots of Anti-Semitism:SocialSocial

1.1. Jews separated themselves and tended Jews separated themselves and tended to live in isolated communities.to live in isolated communities.

2.2. Jews were forced to live in “ghettos”Jews were forced to live in “ghettos”

III. Holy WarIII. Holy War

• The Jews of the Exodus found Canaan populated The Jews of the Exodus found Canaan populated by inhabitants that had been there for centuries.by inhabitants that had been there for centuries.

• They were in the way of the “Divine Plan:”They were in the way of the “Divine Plan:”

- - ""For My angel will go before you and bring you in to the For My angel will go before you and bring you in to the land of land of the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Canaanites, the Canaanites, the Hivites and the Jebusites; and I will Hivites and the Jebusites; and I will completely destroy completely destroy them…They shall not live in your land.them…They shall not live in your land. (Exodus 23:23, 33)(Exodus 23:23, 33)


• ““Yahweh your God will deliver them over to you and you will Yahweh your God will deliver them over to you and you will conquer them. You must lay them under a ban.”conquer them. You must lay them under a ban.”

• ““Instead, deal with them (Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Instead, deal with them (Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzities, Hivites, Jebusites) like this: tear down Canaanites, Perizzities, Hivites, Jebusites) like this: tear down their altars, smash their standing stones, cut down their their altars, smash their standing stones, cut down their sacred poles and set fire to their idols. For you are a people sacred poles and set fire to their idols. For you are a people consecrated to Yahweh your God. It is you that Yahweh your consecrated to Yahweh your God. It is you that Yahweh your God has chosen to be his very own people out of all peoples God has chosen to be his very own people out of all peoples on the earth.”on the earth.”

- Deuteronomy 7:1-6- Deuteronomy 7:1-6


• Moses died before he led the Jews to Canaan. It was Joshua Moses died before he led the Jews to Canaan. It was Joshua who led the twelve tribes of Israel into Canaan in 1200 BC. who led the twelve tribes of Israel into Canaan in 1200 BC.

• Joshua fulfilled God’s command: Joshua fulfilled God’s command:

- - “When Israel finished killing all the inhabitants of Ai in “When Israel finished killing all the inhabitants of Ai in the open ground and where they had followed them into the the open ground and where they had followed them into the wilderness, and when all to a man had fallen by the edge of a wilderness, and when all to a man had fallen by the edge of a sword, all Israel returned to Ai and slaughtered all its people. The sword, all Israel returned to Ai and slaughtered all its people. The number of those that fell that day, men and women together, was number of those that fell that day, men and women together, was twelve thousand…Then Joshua burned Ai, making it a ruin for twelve thousand…Then Joshua burned Ai, making it a ruin for evermore, a desolate place, even to this day.” (Joshua 8:24, 25, evermore, a desolate place, even to this day.” (Joshua 8:24, 25, 28).28).


• And further:And further:

- - “Then Joshua came and wiped out “Then Joshua came and wiped out the Anakim from the highlands, from the Anakim from the highlands, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, from all the Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, from all the highlands of Judah and all the inhabitants of highlands of Judah and all the inhabitants of Israel; he delivered them and their towns Israel; he delivered them and their towns over to the ban. No more Anakim were left over to the ban. No more Anakim were left in Israelite territory except at Gaza, Gath in Israelite territory except at Gaza, Gath and Ashdod. (Ibid., 11:21, 22)and Ashdod. (Ibid., 11:21, 22)


• Holy war in Canaan continued for another two hundred years. Holy war in Canaan continued for another two hundred years.

• As the Israelites exterminated their foes and pagan towns As the Israelites exterminated their foes and pagan towns and shrines were destroyed, temples to Yahweh were built at and shrines were destroyed, temples to Yahweh were built at Shiloh, Dan, Bethel, Bethlehem, and Hebron.Shiloh, Dan, Bethel, Bethlehem, and Hebron.

• 1000 1000 BCE – BCE – King David conquered the Jebusite city of King David conquered the Jebusite city of Jerusalem.Jerusalem.

• From this point on the Jews had to rely on help and From this point on the Jews had to rely on help and benevolence of foreign leadersbenevolence of foreign leaders

- Cyrus of Persia- Cyrus of Persia

III. Holy War:III. Holy War:Zionism and IsraelZionism and Israel

• Zionism – Jewish nationalist Zionism – Jewish nationalist movement that began in Europe in movement that began in Europe in the late nineteenth centurythe late nineteenth century

- goal of the movement: create a - goal of the movement: create a Jewish homelandJewish homeland

- Zionism was a reaction to the - Zionism was a reaction to the hundreds of years of hundreds of years of persecution, discrimination, anti-persecution, discrimination, anti-Semitism, and insecurity that Semitism, and insecurity that Jews experienced living in foreign Jews experienced living in foreign countries.countries.

- Most of the early Zionists were - Most of the early Zionists were from Russia where the Jews from Russia where the Jews felt the most oppressed. felt the most oppressed.


• 1882 - The first wave of Jewish settlers arrived in 1882 - The first wave of Jewish settlers arrived in Palestine, then under Ottoman rule.Palestine, then under Ottoman rule.

- known as “the First Aliyah- known as “the First Aliyah (first immigration)(first immigration)

• Most of the early Jewish settlers were either:Most of the early Jewish settlers were either:

- “Labor” Zionists – socialists / - “Labor” Zionists – socialists / kibbutzimkibbutzim- “Mizrachi” – create a religious society based on the - “Mizrachi” – create a religious society based on the

Torah.Torah.

• Most of the early settlers were from Russia.Most of the early settlers were from Russia.


Population in Palestine – 1918Population in Palestine – 1918

Muslim ArabsMuslim Arabs 512,000512,000

Christian ArabsChristian Arabs 61,00061,000

JewsJews 66,00066,000


Theodor Herzl Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) – Founder of the Zionist (1860-1904) – Founder of the Zionist movementmovement

"We must expropriate gently the private property"We must expropriate gently the private property on the state assigned to us. We shall try to spiriton the state assigned to us. We shall try to spirit the penniless population across the border by the penniless population across the border by procuring employment for it in the transit countries,procuring employment for it in the transit countries, while denying it employment in our country. while denying it employment in our country. The property owners will come over to our side. The property owners will come over to our side. Both the process of expropriation and the removalBoth the process of expropriation and the removal of the poor must be carried out discretely andof the poor must be carried out discretely and circumspectly. Let the owners of the immoveable property circumspectly. Let the owners of the immoveable property

believe that they are cheating us, selling us things for more believe that they are cheating us, selling us things for more than they are worth. But we are not going to sell them than they are worth. But we are not going to sell them anything back." anything back."


Chaim Weizmann (1874-1952) – First President of IsraelChaim Weizmann (1874-1952) – First President of Israel

"In its initial stage, Zionism was conceived by"In its initial stage, Zionism was conceived by its pioneers as a movement wholly dependingits pioneers as a movement wholly depending on mechanical factors: there is a country whichon mechanical factors: there is a country which happens to be called Palestine, a country withouthappens to be called Palestine, a country without people, and, on the other hand, there exists the people, and, on the other hand, there exists the Jewish people, and it has no country. What else is Jewish people, and it has no country. What else is necessary, then, than to fit the gem into the ring,necessary, then, than to fit the gem into the ring, to unite this people with this country? The ownersto unite this people with this country? The owners of the country [the Ottoman Turks] must, there for, be persuaded of the country [the Ottoman Turks] must, there for, be persuaded

and conceived that this marriage is advantageous, not only for and conceived that this marriage is advantageous, not only for the [Jewish] people and for the country, but also for the [Jewish] people and for the country, but also for themselves."themselves." (1914)(1914)


Vladimir Jabotinsky – militant ZionistVladimir Jabotinsky – militant Zionist

““Zionism is a colonizing adventure and it Zionism is a colonizing adventure and it

therefore stands or falls by the question of therefore stands or falls by the question of

armed force. It is important to build, it isarmed force. It is important to build, it is

important to speak Hebrew, but unfortunately,important to speak Hebrew, but unfortunately,

it is even more important to be able to shoot…”it is even more important to be able to shoot…”

- Armstrong, pg. 103- Armstrong, pg. 103


Yosef WeitzYosef Weitz (1890-1970) – director of the Jewish National (1890-1970) – director of the Jewish National Fund’s Land Settlement DepartmentFund’s Land Settlement Department

"The land of Israel is not small at all, if only the Arabs will be "The land of Israel is not small at all, if only the Arabs will be removed, and if its frontiers would be enlarged a little; to removed, and if its frontiers would be enlarged a little; to the north all the way to Litani [River in Lebanon], and to the the north all the way to Litani [River in Lebanon], and to the east including the Golan Heights . . . . while the [Palestinian] east including the Golan Heights . . . . while the [Palestinian] Arabs be transferred to northern Syria and Iraq. . . . From Arabs be transferred to northern Syria and Iraq. . . . From now on we must work out a secret plan based on the now on we must work out a secret plan based on the removal of the [Palestinian] Arabs from here . . . [and] . . . to removal of the [Palestinian] Arabs from here . . . [and] . . . to include it into American political circles. . . . today we have include it into American political circles. . . . today we have

no other alternative. . . . We will not live here with Arabs."no other alternative. . . . We will not live here with Arabs."


Berl Katzenelson Berl Katzenelson (1887-1944) – leader of the (1887-1944) – leader of the Zionist labor movementZionist labor movement

“ “ I am willing to give the Arabs equal rights I am willing to give the Arabs equal rights

if I know that only a small minority stays in if I know that only a small minority stays in

the land.”the land.”

- Armstrong, pg. 104- Armstrong, pg. 104


David Ben-Gurion David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973) – first Prime and Defense (1886-1973) – first Prime and Defense Minister of IsraelMinister of Israel

“ “ I favor partition of the country (Palestine)I favor partition of the country (Palestine)

because when we become a strong powerbecause when we become a strong power

after the establishment of the state, we willafter the establishment of the state, we will

abolish partition and spread throughout abolish partition and spread throughout

Palestine.” Palestine.”

““We will expel the Arabs and take their places.”We will expel the Arabs and take their places.”- Armstrong, pg. 105.- Armstrong, pg. 105.


Golda Meir Golda Meir – PM of – PM of Israel (1969-1974)Israel (1969-1974)

""There is no such thing as There is no such thing as a Palestinian people... It a Palestinian people... It is not as if we came and is not as if we came and threw them out and threw them out and took their country. They took their country. They didn'tdidn't

exist."exist."

""How can we return the How can we return the occupied territories? occupied territories? There is nobody to There is nobody to return them to."return them to."

http://www.monabaker.com/qhttp://www.monabaker.com/quotes.htmuotes.htm

http://www.monabaker.com/quotes.htm

http://www.monabaker.com/quotes.htm


Moshe Dayan Moshe Dayan (1915-1981) – Israeli military hero and (1915-1981) – Israeli military hero and politician on Arab identity:politician on Arab identity:

““We came to this country which was alreadyWe came to this country which was already

populated by Arabs, and we were establishingpopulated by Arabs, and we were establishing

a Hebrew, that is, Jewish state here….Jewisha Hebrew, that is, Jewish state here….Jewish

villages were built in the place of Arab villages.villages were built in the place of Arab villages.

You do not even know the names of these Arab You do not even know the names of these Arab

villages, and I do not blame you because these villages, and I do not blame you because these

geography books no longer exist; not only do the booksgeography books no longer exist; not only do the books

not exist, the Arab villages are not there either….There isnot exist, the Arab villages are not there either….There is

not one place built in this country that did not have anot one place built in this country that did not have a

Former Arab population.”Former Arab population.”


Menachem Begin – former Israeli Prime Menachem Begin – former Israeli Prime Minister, quoted in 1977 and 1982:Minister, quoted in 1977 and 1982:

““The Jewish people have unchallengeable,The Jewish people have unchallengeable,

eternal, historic right to the Land of Israel eternal, historic right to the Land of Israel

[including the West Bank and Gaza Strip],[including the West Bank and Gaza Strip],

the inheritance of their forefathers."the inheritance of their forefathers."

"[The Palestinians] are beasts walking on two "[The Palestinians] are beasts walking on two

legs."legs."


Menachem BeginMenachem Begin

"Israel will not transfer Judea, Samaria, and the "Israel will not transfer Judea, Samaria, and the Gaza District to any foreign sovereign authority, Gaza District to any foreign sovereign authority, [because] of the historic right of our nation to this [because] of the historic right of our nation to this land, [and] the needs of our national security, land, [and] the needs of our national security, which demand a capability to defend our State which demand a capability to defend our State and the lives of our citizens." and the lives of our citizens."


Benjamin Netanyahu Benjamin Netanyahu – Israeli PM, 1996-1999– Israeli PM, 1996-1999

"Israel should have exploited the "Israel should have exploited the

repression of the demonstrations in repression of the demonstrations in

China, when world attention focused China, when world attention focused

on that country, to carry out mass on that country, to carry out mass

expulsions among the Arabs of the expulsions among the Arabs of the

territories."territories."

- Benyamin Netanyahu, then Israeli Deputy Foreign MinisterBenyamin Netanyahu, then Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister

former Prime Minister of Israel, speaking to students at former Prime Minister of Israel, speaking to students at

Bar Ilan University, from the Israeli journal Hotam, Bar Ilan University, from the Israeli journal Hotam,

November 24, 1989.November 24, 1989.


Ariel Sharon – Israeli PM, 2001-2006Ariel Sharon – Israeli PM, 2001-2006

"Israel may have the right to put others on trial,"Israel may have the right to put others on trial, but certainly no one has the right to put the but certainly no one has the right to put the Jewish people and the State of Israel on trial."Jewish people and the State of Israel on trial." (2001)(2001)

"It is the duty of Israeli leaders to explain to "It is the duty of Israeli leaders to explain to public opinion, clearly and courageously, apublic opinion, clearly and courageously, a certain number of facts that are forgotten with time. The certain number of facts that are forgotten with time. The

first of these is that there is no Zionism, colonialization, first of these is that there is no Zionism, colonialization, or Jewish State without the eviction of the Arabs and or Jewish State without the eviction of the Arabs and the expropriation of their lands.“the expropriation of their lands.“ (1998)(1998)

unit 2: religion: consensus and conflict judaism

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