EXPLORE!• What are the main things you think every city needs to

run smoothly and efficiently?• Who controls the city’s safety?• Where do people live?• How do people move throughout the city?• How do we communicate with each other and

the outside world?• What buildings do you have?• What is the best type of land to build on?• How do we get rid of trash and wastes?• Where do people get energy?• How do we eat?

EXPLORE!– Step 2: Draw your own blueprint for your

ideal city (all the different structures, their locations, size etc) on the paper given to you with your table group.

What are Cells?1. Simplest form of life that make up all living things!2. Many different types3. Found in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and protists4. Provide structural support5. Make the chemicals needed for reactions in the body6. Hold all of our genes

What are Organelles?

• “Tiny Organs” = Organelle!• Each have SPECIFIC role or job in

the cell• Functions range from

transporting material to controlling what the cell makes

The Cell is like a City!

• Things in a city have specific jobs. Same thing in a cell!

• All of the different parts of a city need to work together for success. Same thing in a cell!

The Nucleus• Control center of the cell– Determines what each cell makes– It looks like a small ball in the

middle of the cell.• HOLDS DNA! provides genetic

information to make proper proteins• Cell city: City hall (mayor’s office)

controls what goes on!• Bank holds our valuables!

Mitochondria• Provides energy for the cell• Tiny bean-shaped structures

with a smooth outer membrane and a folded inner membrane

• Cell city: Power plant gives the cell power and energy to do its work!

Ribosomes• Make proteins!• What do proteins do?– 1. Structure– 2. Enzymes

• Small sand-like structures that are dotted throughout the cell (or on the Endoplasmic Reticulum, which we will discuss soon)

Cell city: • Construction company build

important material• Farmers provide food and supplies

for everyone to live

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Network of tube-like passageways where proteins from the ribosomes are transported around the cell

• Teaches proteins how to fold correctly.– Smooth ER has no ribosomes

attached to it.– Rough ER has ribosomes attached to

it (like sandpaper folded together)• Cell city: Highway system

movement within the cell• School teaches proteins

Golgi Apparatus• Packages proteins and fats

in the cell and ships them outside the cell–Looks like a stack of

pancakes or flattened basketball and usually found near the ER.

• Cell city: Post Office packages materials before they head outside the cell.

Cytoplasm• Jelly-like material where all

the organelles sit in• Cell city: Ground

(Concrete/Grass) support for all of the organelles in the cell

Explore• We talked about some things we need to make a

successful city, but we are missing a few things:– Where would you store the water for the town?– How would you control who goes in and out of

the city?– Do you need a wall around the city?– If you’re looking into using solar energy (energy

from the sun), what would you use?

Cell Membrane• Thin, flexible layer that surrounds the

cell and separates it from the outside world.– It allows the cell to change its

shape and controls what goes in and out of the cell

• Made of lipids (phospholipid bilayer)• Cell city: City border/limits

because it controls what goes inside and outside the cell.

Cell Wall• Tough, usually rigid layer that

surrounds the entire cell in PLANTS and BACTERIA!– Made of a complex

carbohydrate called cellulose• Gives plant cells their square

shape and makes sure too much water doesn’t go into the cell!

• Cell city: city wall

Vacuole

• Large sac that holds water and wastes in plant cells

• Important for plant cell structure

• Cell city: water tower in a city, which stores water!

Lysosome

• Breaks down cell waste using strong enzymes

• Cell city: Garbage dump of the cell because it gets rid of the cells garbage!

Chloroplast

• Organelle that creates food for the plant using solar (sun) energy!

• Found in all plants and many types of bacteria, but NOT in animals

• Cell city: Solar panels, which get energy from the sun!

Centrioles

• Play an important role in cell division– They make spindle fibers,

which allow the chromosomes (DNA) to separate in two!

• Cell city: train stations and the spindle fibers are like train tracks!

Cytoskeleton

• Framework (or skeleton) within cells that provides support and maintains cell shape

• Cell City: scaffolding/metal framework within buildings

Big Idea• Prokaryotes are simple

and don’t have organelles• Eukaryotes are complex

and have several organelles (that you already learned about!)

Cells come in an amazing variety of shapes and sizes. Some are small and simple; others are large and complex.

But, all cells have a few things in common:1.Living2.Enclosed by some sort of

membrane3.DNA as genetic material

2 Types of Cells: Prokaryotic vs.

Eukaryotic

•Prokaryotic cells: no organelles (like the nucleus!)

•Eukaryotic cell: has organelles (nucleus!)

Prokaryotes• Does NOT contain its

genetic material (DNA) inside a nucleus (organelle).

• Usually smaller and simpler than eukaryotes without organelles (single cells)

Eukaryotes• Contains its genetic

material inside a nucleus.• Complex with

many organelles

Examples!Prokaryote

• Bacteria (most common)

• Always single-celled organisms

Eukaryote• All plants and animals!

• Anything multi-cellular (some single)

Viruses• Tiny, nonliving particle made of proteins

and nucleic acids.• Has some characteristics of living things

but cannot reproduce on its own NOT living.

Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

• What do you see that is different about these two cells? List everything that you see that is different in a Venn Diagram. What do you see that is the same about the cells? List everything that is the same in the space in the middle (overlapping) of the Venn Diagram.

• Which cell is prokaryotic? Which is eukaryotic?CELL B

CELL A

Venn Diagram