Unit 2 - Biochemistry Review Sheet

Chemical Reactions and Properties of Water:

1. What is formed when an atom has gained or lost an electron?

2. What type of bond shares electrons?

3. Which bond gives water molecules its unique properties?

4. Which pH, an acid or base, has a high hydrogen ion concentration? Which one has a low hydrogen ion

concentration?

5. Draw a water molecule; label the charges, and the hydrogen and covalent bonds.

6. What is the universal solvent?

7. What range is the pH of an acid, as well as a base?

8. What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions? Provide an example for each.

9. Water molecules are polar, what does that mean?

10. Write the equation and label the reactants and products:

a. Photosynthesis

b. Cellular Respiration

11. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

12. List and describe the properties of water. Provide an example for each. Use the table in your notes for help.

Carbon Based Molecules:

1. Why are lipids and carbohydrates important in animal cells?

2. List the seven functions of proteins. Provide examples for each.

3. How many amino acids are there total? How many does your body make naturally? How many do you have to

eat?

4. List three monosaccharides and three polysaccharides.

5. List three sub-groups of lipids.

6. Which macromolecule does not have a true monomer or polymer?

7. What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

8. Describe the four macromolecules, listing the polymer and monomer of each, the function of each class as well

an example of each one. Use your yellow chart.

9. What is unique about carbon? How many bonds can it form at one time?

10. What makes up a triglyceride?

11. What is the role of ATP?

12. What elements make up each macromolecule?

13. DNA: which bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together? Which bonds hold the sugar and phosphates together?

14. Fats and oils are made up of glycerol and what else?

15. Which macromolecule is made up of phosphorus as well as hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon?

16. Identify the four macromolecules.

17. Be able to label a DNA molecule. Label the hydrogen and covalent bonds, sugars, phosphates, nitrogenous

bases, as well as nucleotides.

18. What is the difference between a monomer and polymer?

19. What is a monosaccharide? What group does it belong to? Give an example.

20. Which molecule stores and transmits genetic information?

21. Tell me which macromolecule it is- look over the sheet in your notes.

Enzymes:

1. What does the suffix ‘-ase’ indicate?

2. What temperature would enzymes function at best in your body?

3. Most cellular activities are regulated by the action of what?

4. Which macromolecule are enzymes?

5. What does optimum mean in relation to enzymatic activity?

6. Define catalyst, substrate, active site, and product.

7. Describe how enzymes function in the body.

8. What is the function of a catalyst, such as an enzyme in a chemical reaction? There are two main things.

9. If the solution is too acidic or basic what happens to the enzyme?

10. What will happen to the enzyme when the reaction is complete?

11. What are three things that affect how an enzyme works?

12. The activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is decreased by what?

13. Protease is an enzyme that helps digest proteins. How does this enzyme interact and help the protein

molecules?

14. What happens to enzymes when they are subjected to too much heat?

15. Explain the importance of the enzyme substrate complex (Lock and Key) including examples of how it works and

is regulated in the body and helps you maintain homeostasis.

16. Label the diagram.