unit 10 lesson 2 what was ancient earth like?€¦ · unit 10 lesson 2 what was ancient earth like?...
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
How Rocks and Fossils Tell a Story
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• Sedimentary rock forms in layers. Many sedimentary rocks contain fossils.
• The oldest rock layers are at the bottom, and the youngest rock layers are at the top.
• The relative age of a layer of rock is the age of that layer when compared to other layers.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
How Rocks and Fossils Tell a Story
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• Fossils form when sediment buries dead organisms.
• The fossil record is made up of all the fossils in Earth’s rock layers.
• The fossil record contains information about Earth’s history and the history of life on Earth.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
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C.W 10.2 : Q1
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
C.W 10.2 : Q2
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
How Rocks and Fossils Tell a Story
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Over time, the movement of Earth’s crust can cause layers of rock to become tilted. It can also lift rocks formed in the ocean to above sea level.
• The rock layers of the Grand Canyon were tilted and lifted millions of years ago.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Divisions in Time
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• Scientists developed the geologic time scale to divide Earth’s history into manageable units. The fossils each unit contains define it.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Divisions in Time
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• Large tree ferns were common during the late Paleozoic Era.
• The large coal deposits in the eastern United States formed from plants like these.
• Trilobites were so common that the earliest part of the Paleozoic Era is called the Age of Trilobites.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Divisions in Time
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• Trees that produce seeds in cones appeared at the beginning of the Mesozoic Era.
• The middle and end of this era is known as the Age of
Dinosaurs. Large animals, such as Stegosaurus, lived during this time.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Divisions in Time
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Flowering plants, such as grasses, and saber-toothed cats existed during the Ice Age.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Divisions in Time
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Divisions in Time
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Index fossils help identify a very short period of Earth’s history and must meet four requirements.
1.The organisms from which they formed lived during a short period of Earth’s history.
2.The organisms must have had large populations so that many fossils formed.
3.The fossils must be widespread 4.The fossils must be easily
recognized.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Big Changes on Earth
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• Fossils tell how life on Earth has changed over time.
• Fossils also tell how Earth’s continents and landforms have changed.
• Scientists have found fossils of a Mesosaurus—a small, lizard-like reptile that lived in fresh water—on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Big Changes on Earth
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
• Mesosaurus was too small to have been able to swim across the Atlantic.
• At the end of the Paleozoic Era, all of Earth’s masses were joined. These masses began to break apart during the Mesozoic Era.
• The single landmass
(Pangea) explains how Mesosaurus could move across land.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Big Changes on Earth
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• The landmasses breaking apart supports the idea of continental drift, and helps scientists understand the movement of Earth’s plates.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Big Changes on Earth
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Changing Environments
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• Fossils provide clues about changing environments.
• Finding a fossil sea snail at the top of a mountain would lead to the conclusion that the environment has changed.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Changing Environments
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Changing Environments
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• Fossils of plants and animals at La Brea Tar Pits, in Los Angeles, California, show that the climate has not changed much in the last 40,000 years.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
Changing Environments
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• Falls of the Ohio is a state park in Indiana where summers are hot and winters are cold and snowy.
• Fossils of coral, clams, and other organisms that lived in shallow, warm, tropical seas show how the climate has changed in the last 380 million years.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
The Great Die Offs
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• Several times in history, many species became extinct at once. These large events, caused by climate change, are called mass extinctions.
• Worldwide volcanic eruptions blow large amounts of ash and dust into the air, blocking sunlight so plants can’t grow.
• Other plants die as ash settles on them and smothers them.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
The Great Die Offs
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• At the end of the Mesozoic Era, an asteroid sent huge amounts of dust into the air, blocking sunlight and changing the climate.
• These changes may have led to the extinction of many organisms, including dinosaurs.
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
The Great Die Offs
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
The Great Die Offs
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
The Great Die Offs
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Effects: Drought _ Dust and ash in air _
•Results: - Lack of sunlight causes plant to die and
animals too.(2)
-Plants and animals die
-Habitats are destroyed and organisms too.
Cause: - Meteor impact
-Too much rain
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
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Unit 10 Lesson 2 What Was Ancient Earth Like?
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