ESSENTIALS

OF HUMAN

ANATOMY

& PHYSIOLOGY

Unit

1 Tissue Types

Body Tissues

�Cells specialized for specific functions

�Tissues

�Cells with similar structure and function

�Four primary types

� Epithelium

� Muscle

� Nervous tissue

� Connective tissue

Epithelial Tissues

�Locations

�Body coverings

�Body linings

�Glandular tissue

�Functions

�Protection

�Absorption

�Filtration

�Secretion

Characteristics

�Cells fit closely together

�Tissue always has one free surface

�Lower surface bound by a basementmembrane

�Avascular (no direct blood supply)

�Regenerate easily if well nourished

Classification

�Number of cell layers

�Simple- one layer

�Stratified- more than one layer

Classification

�Shape of cells

�Squamous: flattened

�Cuboidal: cube-shaped

�Columnar: column-like

Simple Epithelium

�Simple squamous�One layer; flat cells

�Usually forms membranes

�Lines body cavities

�Lines lungs and capillaries

Simple Epithelium

�Simple cuboidal�One layer; cube-like

cells

�Common in glands and their ducts

�Forms walls of kidneytubules

�Covers the ovaries

Simple Epithelium

�Simple columnar

�One layer; tall cells

�Goblet cells (produce mucus)

�Lines digestive tract

Simple Epithelium

�Pseudostratified

�One layer, some cells are shorter than others

�Looks like two cell layers

�Sometimes ciliated

�Function- absorption or secretion

Stratified Epithelium

�Stratified squamous

�Cells at the free edge are flattened

�Protective covering where friction is common

�Locations

� Skin

� Mouth

� Esophagus

Stratified Epithelium

�Transitional epithelium

�Shape of cells depends on amount of stretching

�Lines organs of the urinary system

Muscle Tissue

�Function- to produce movement

�Three types

Muscle Tissue Types

�Skeletal

�Voluntary- can be controlled

�Striated cells

�Attach to connective tissue

�More than one nucleus

Muscle Tissue Types

�Cardiac

�Only in the heart

�Pumps blood (involuntary)

�Striated cells

�Connect to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks

�One nucleus

Muscle Tissue Types

�Smooth

� Involuntary

�Surrounds hollow organs

�Cells not striated

�One nucleus

Nervous Tissue

�Neurons and nerve support cells

�Sends impulses to other areas of the body� Irritability

�Conductivity