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Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches

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Page 1: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Unit 1:Psychology’s History and

Approaches

Page 2: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes
Page 3: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Roots

Prescientific Psychology

• Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle

• Rene Descartes

• Francis Bacon

• John Locke–Tabula Rasa (blank slate)

• Empiricism

Page 4: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Roots

Psychological Science is Born

• Wilhelm Wundt (1879)–University of Leipzig

–Reaction time experiment

• G. Stanley Hall

Page 5: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Roots

Thinking About the Mind’s Structure

• Edward Titchener–Structuralism

• introspection

Page 6: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Roots

Thinking About the Mind’s Function

• William James–Functionalism

Page 7: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Roots

Thinking About the Mind’s Function

• Mary Calkins

• Margaret Floy Washburn

• Experimental psychology

Page 8: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychological Science Develops

• Sigmund Freud

Page 9: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychological Science Develops

• Behaviorism–John B. Watson

• Rosalie Raynor

Page 10: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychological Science Develops

• Behaviorism–B.F. Skinner

–“study of observable behavior”

–conditioning

Page 11: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychological Science Develops

• Humanistic psychology–Carl Rogers

–Abraham Maslow

• Cognitive Neuroscience

Page 12: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychological Science Develops

• Psychology–Science

–Behavior

–Mental processes

Page 13: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes
Page 14: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Biggest Question

• Nature – Nurture Issue–Biology versus experience

–History• Greeks

• Rene Descartes

• Charles Darwin–Natural selection

Page 15: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

• Levels of Analysis–Biological

–Psychological

–Social-cultural

• Biopsychosocial Approach

Page 16: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

Page 17: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

• Behavioral perspective• Biological perspective• Cognitive perspective• Evolutionary perspective• Humanistic perspective• Psychodynamic perspective• Social-cultural perspective

Page 18: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes
Page 19: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Subfields• Psychometrics

• Basic Research–Biological psychologists–Developmental psychologists–Cognitive psychologists–Educational psychologists–Personality psychologists–Social psychologists

Page 20: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Psychology’s Subfields

• Applied Research–Industrial/organizational psychologists–Human factors psychologists–Counseling psychologists–Clinical psychologists–Psychiatrists–Positive psychology–Community psychologists

Page 21: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes
Page 22: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Basic Research Subfields

• Cognitive psychologists

• Developmental psychologists

• Educational psychologists

• Experimental psychologists

• Psychometric and Quantitative Psychologists

• Social psychologists

Page 23: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

Applied Research Subfields

• Forensic psychologists• Health psychologists• Industrial/organizational (I/O)

psychologists• Neuropsychologists• Rehabilitation psychologists• School psychologists• Sport psychologists

Page 24: Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes

The Helping Professions

• Clinical psychologists• Community psychologists• Counseling psychologists


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