unit 1 introduction to the study of life
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1.1 The Study of Life
KEY CONCEPT Biology is the study of all forms of life.
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1.1 The Study of Life
Earth is home to an incredible diversity of life.
• The biosphere includes all living things and all the places they are found.
biosphere = everywhere life exists
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1.1 The Study of Life
Earth is home to an incredible diversity of life.
• Every part of the biosphere is connected with every other part.
• The biosphere includes many environments.– land environments
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1.1 The Study of Life
• The biosphere includes many environments.– saltwater and freshwater environments
– The lower the atmosphere and deep under the crust
Tidepool Estuary
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1.1 The Study of Life
– Biodiversity generally increases from the poles to the equator.
– Biodiversity is greater in areas with consistently warm temperatures.
• Biodiversity is the variety of life.
Biodiversity is greater closer to the equator.
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1.1 The Study of Life
– Members of a species can interbreed to reproduce. – There are about 2 million different living species
have been identified.
• A species is one particular type of living thing.
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1.1 The Study of Life
All organisms share certain characteristics.
• Biology is the scientific study of all forms of life.
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1.1 The Study of Life
• An organism is any individual living thing.
– All are made of one or more cells.
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1.1 The Study of Life
– All need energy for metabolism.
• An organism is any individual living thing.
– All are made of one or more cells.
– All respond to their environment.– All have DNA that they pass on to offspring.
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1.1 The Study of Life
KEY CONCEPTUnifying themes connect concepts from many fields of biology.
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1.1 The Study of Life
All levels of life have systems of related parts.
• A system is an organized group of interacting parts.– A cell is a system of chemicals and processes.– A body system includes organs that interact.– An ecosystem includes living and nonliving things that
interact.
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1.1 The Study of Life
• Biologists study many different systems.
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1.1 The Study of Life
Structure and function are related in biology.
• Structure determines function.– Proteins with different structures perform different
functions.– Heart muscle cells have a different structure and
function than stomach muscle cells.– Different species have different anatomical structures
with different functions.
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1.1 The Study of Life
Organisms must maintain homeostasis to survive in diverse environments.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.
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1.1 The Study of Life
– Homeostasis is usually maintained through negative feedback.
– Negative feedback systems return a condition to its normal (set) point.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.
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1.1 The Study of Life
• Behaviors and adaptations can help maintain homeostasis.
Hollow hairs transmit light to the skin and create insulation for cold environments
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1.1 The Study of Life
Evolution explains the unity and diversity of life.
• Evolution is the change in living things over time.– The genetic makeup of a population of a species
changes.– Evolution can occur through natural selection of
adaptations.– Adaptations are beneficial inherited traits that are
passed to future generations.
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1.1 The Study of Life
• Evolution accounts for both the diversity and the unity of life.
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1.1 The Study of Life
KEY CONCEPTScience is a way of thinking, questioning, and gathering evidence.
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1.1 The Study of Life
Like all science, biology is a process of inquiry.
• Scientists make careful and systematic observations.
• Scientists test their hypotheses and analyze their data.
• Scientists form a hypothesis as a possible answer to a question.
• Scientists record observations as data.
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1.1 The Study of Life
Biologists use experiments to test hypotheses.
• Observational studies allow scientists to describe a phenomenon.
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1.1 The Study of Life
• Experimentals allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon.
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1.1 The Study of Life
• Experiments allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon.
By smelling something other than orange juice, it can affect a person’s sense of taste.
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1.1 The Study of Life
– Independent variables are manipulated.
– Constants are conditions that are kept the same.
• Experimental studies allow scientists to determine what causes a phenomenon.
– Dependent variables are observed and measured.
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1.1 The Study of Life
A theory explains a wide range of observations.
• Theories explain a wide range of observations and experimental results.
• A theory is supported by a wide range of scientific evidence.
• Theories can change based on new evidence.