Unit 1: IntroductionUnit 1: Introductionto Chemistryto ChemistryWHAT IS CHEMISTRY?WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

ChemistryChemistry is the study of matter is the study of matter and the transformations it and the transformations it undergoes.undergoes.

What is What is mattermatter??– Anything that has mass and takes up Anything that has mass and takes up

space.space.

IMPORTANCE OF IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY

Chemistry is all around you. Chemistry is all around you. – All matter is made of chemicalsAll matter is made of chemicals– All matter is constantly undergoing changesAll matter is constantly undergoing changes

– The air you breatheThe air you breathe– The food you digestThe food you digest– Clothes you wearClothes you wear

Chemistry is often said to be the central Chemistry is often said to be the central science.science.

Five Areas of ChemistryFive Areas of Chemistry Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry – Study of molecules – Study of molecules

containing carbon(gasoline, food, plastics)containing carbon(gasoline, food, plastics) Inorganic ChemistryInorganic Chemistry – Study of – Study of

molecules not containing carbon(salts, molecules not containing carbon(salts, metals)metals)

BiochemistryBiochemistry – the study of chemical – the study of chemical processes within living thingsprocesses within living things

Analytical ChemistryAnalytical Chemistry – chemistry that – chemistry that focuses on the composition of matterfocuses on the composition of matter

Physical ChemistryPhysical Chemistry – deals with the – deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer of mechanism, rate, and energy transfer of chemical reactionschemical reactions

Why Study Chemistry?Why Study Chemistry?

Explain your natural worldExplain your natural world– Satisfy a curiosity you may haveSatisfy a curiosity you may have

Why do peeled apples turn brown?Why do peeled apples turn brown? Why do eggs become firm when you cook Why do eggs become firm when you cook

them?them? Why does soda stay fizzy longer while Why does soda stay fizzy longer while

sealed in the fridge?sealed in the fridge? Why does bread rise when you bake it?Why does bread rise when you bake it? Why do Cheddar Bo’s taste so good?Why do Cheddar Bo’s taste so good?

Why Study Chemistry?Why Study Chemistry?

Prepare for a Prepare for a CareerCareer– Want to be a ...Want to be a ...– A doctor?A doctor?– A chef?A chef?– Hair stylist?Hair stylist?

– – Welder?Welder?

– – Jeweler?Jeweler?

– – Food Tech?Food Tech?

Why Study Chemistry?Why Study Chemistry?

Become an informed citizenBecome an informed citizen Having a grasp of chemistry and science Having a grasp of chemistry and science

will make you better at making good will make you better at making good decisionsdecisions Do vaccines cause autism?Do vaccines cause autism? Are GMOs bad for you?Are GMOs bad for you? Should dihydrogen monoxide be banned?Should dihydrogen monoxide be banned?

Understanding chemistry will prevent Understanding chemistry will prevent you from being taken advantageyou from being taken advantage

SCIENCE vs. TECHNOLOGYSCIENCE vs. TECHNOLOGY

How is science different from technology?How is science different from technology?

ScienceScience:: - Experimental investigation and - Experimental investigation and exploration of natural phenomenaexploration of natural phenomena– Pursues knowledge for its own sakePursues knowledge for its own sake– Does not cause change in itselfDoes not cause change in itself

TechnologyTechnology - - the practical application of the practical application of scientific knowledgescientific knowledge– The 'stuff' produced with science.The 'stuff' produced with science.– Leads to change (for better or for worse)Leads to change (for better or for worse)

SCIENCE V.S. TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE V.S. TECHNOLOGY (Cont)(Cont)

Examples of science:Examples of science:– What causes the flu?What causes the flu?– How are atoms put together?How are atoms put together?– How is genetic information stored and How is genetic information stored and

transmitted?transmitted?

Examples of technologyExamples of technology– Flu vaccineFlu vaccine– Atomic bombAtomic bomb– Genetic engineeringGenetic engineering

SCIENTIFIC METHODSCIENTIFIC METHODThe Scientific Method is a logical, systematic approach to The Scientific Method is a logical, systematic approach to solving a scientific problem or explaining a natural phenomena. solving a scientific problem or explaining a natural phenomena. The method includes (but is not limited to):The method includes (but is not limited to):Make observationsMake observations–ObservationObservation - information obtained through the senses, often - information obtained through the senses, often requiring a requiring a measurementmeasurement..

– Example: Music is relaxing.Example: Music is relaxing.Develop a hypothesisDevelop a hypothesis–hypothesishypothesis - a proposed explanation for an observation - a proposed explanation for an observation

– Example: studying with certain kinds of music improves test Example: studying with certain kinds of music improves test grades.grades.

Test hypothesis through experimentsTest hypothesis through experiments–Experiment - Experiment - a repeatable procedure that is used to test a a repeatable procedure that is used to test a hypothesishypothesis

– Example: record test results after studying with different kinds of Example: record test results after studying with different kinds of music, including no music at all.music, including no music at all.

Develop a Develop a theorytheory–Theory:Theory: A well tested explanation for a broad set of observations. A well tested explanation for a broad set of observations.

– Example: Classical music has a positive effect on exam grades.Example: Classical music has a positive effect on exam grades.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD (Cont)SCIENTIFIC METHOD (Cont)

Theories:Theories:– are never completely certain are never completely certain – May change as more experiments are performed.May change as more experiments are performed.– modelmodel - physical picture or mathematical expression - physical picture or mathematical expression

of a theory.of a theory.– Example: The model of the atomExample: The model of the atom

Develop a Develop a lawlaw– Summarizes the outcome of several experiments that occur Summarizes the outcome of several experiments that occur

repeatedly and consistently.repeatedly and consistently.– Example: Classical & instrumental music improved exam Example: Classical & instrumental music improved exam

grades the most vs. no music.grades the most vs. no music.

– Can be proven or disprovenCan be proven or disproven

The scientific method must be free of bias.