unit 1: interactions within ecosystems pg. 2 chapters 1, 2, 3
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 1: Interactions within Unit 1: Interactions within Ecosystems pg. 2Ecosystems pg. 2
Chapters 1, 2, 3
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Getting Started pg. 4Getting Started pg. 4Ecology
◦“eco” means “home” in Greek◦“ology” means “the study of”◦Is the study of our home Earth
which includes living things and how they interact with their surroundings.
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What is an Ecosystem?What is an Ecosystem?
Local Area : Pond, Meadow, Wetland, River, Forest, Coastline
Living Things Local Conditions
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Chapter 1: Ecosystems Chapter 1: Ecosystems pg. 6pg. 6Ecosystem
◦Is a place that includes all the living and nonliving things
◦Living things are called “biotic factors”◦Nonliving things or conditions are
called “abiotic factors”◦Interaction exists between biotic and
abiotic factors◦Ex: coastlines, oceans, rivers, lakes ,
ponds, arctic, forests
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1.1: Types of Ecosystems 1.1: Types of Ecosystems pg. 8pg. 8Organisms:
- are examples of living things- are found in all ecosystems- have adaptations which are inherited characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce- have specific habitats
ex. Bacteria, salmon, duck, arctic hare, fox
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Ex. Arctic HareEx. Arctic HareAdaptations:
◦Are inherited characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce.
◦Ex. Big ears, big front teeth, strong hind legs, coat color
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HabitatIs the particular
place where an organism lives◦ Ex. Arctic hare live in
arctic, barrens and forests
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Organism Adaptation Habitat
Moose
Whale
Fox
Frog
Balsam Fir tree
Blueberry Bush
Butterfly
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Abiotic Factors Abiotic Factors
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SunlightSunlight
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RainRain
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SoilSoil
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Abiotic FactorsAbiotic FactorsAre nonliving parts of an
ecosystem
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Biotic FactorsBiotic FactorsAre the living parts of an
ecosystemInclude all the organisms present
and their “niche”(role an organism plays in its ecosystem).
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OrganismsOrganisms
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PredationPredation
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CompetitionCompetition
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CompetitionCompetition
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Symbiosis : Symbiosis : CommensalismCommensalism
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Symbiosis: Parasitism
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Symbiosis: Mutualism
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1.1: Ecosystems in Atlantic 1.1: Ecosystems in Atlantic Canada Canada pg. 8pg. 8
1. Coastlines and Oceans2. Freshwater
• rivers• lakes• ponds
3. Arctic4. Forest
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Ecosystems in Atlantic Ecosystems in Atlantic Canada pg. 10Canada pg. 10
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1. Coastlines and Oceans1. Coastlines and OceansWhere the Atlantic Ocean meets
the landBiotic factors:
◦Organisms : seaweed, barnacles, mussels, starfish, rock crabs, fish, seals whales, jellyfish, plankton, tuckamore
◦Niche : where does each organism live? How does it get its food? How does it affect the environment?
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Burnt IslandBurnt Island
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Cape St. Mary’sCape St. Mary’s
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Middle Cove BeachMiddle Cove Beach
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Touch Tank : Logy BayTouch Tank : Logy Bay
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TuckamoreTuckamore
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Biotic Factors of Deep Biotic Factors of Deep OceanOcean
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Abiotic Factors of Coastlines and Abiotic Factors of Coastlines and OceansOceans
1. Light and light intensity ◦Penetrates to 200m
2. Temperature◦From -1C to 10 C
3. Soil◦Mostly rocky, some sandy beaches
4. Air and wind◦Air is humid, strong sea breezes, lots
of fog5. Water
◦Lots of waves, salty, tides, currents
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2. Freshwater Ecosystems2. Freshwater EcosystemsRivers, lakes ponds
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Rennies Mill River, Windsor Lake, Hughs Pond
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Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors
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Biotic Factors
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3. Arctic
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ForestsMainly coniferous
trees which keep their leaves all year long
Grow well in acidic soil
can survive long cold winters
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Biotic Factors Abiotic FactorsConiferous treesDeciduous treesMooseCaribouFoxHareBlack bearsLynxPine marten
PeatBlanket bogsCool summersWet winters
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1.2 Abiotic Parts of Ecosystem pg. 16Range of Tolerance- range of conditions within which
an organism can survive.
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Precipitation and Living Organisms
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Water Temperature and Turbidity
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Ph of Water
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Air Temperature and Plants
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Temperature and Tree Growth
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Wind and Tree Growth
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Light and Light Intensity
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Soil ph and Plants
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Interactions Between Abiotic and Biotic factors:
a. Abiotic – Abiotic Ex. Sunlight evaporates water
b. Biotic – AbioticEx. Worms aerate soil
c. Biotic – BioticEx. Insects eat plants
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Biotic Parts of an Ecosystem pg. 24 Species :
– refers to a group of organisms that can reproduce among themselves to produce offspring of the same type that can also reproduce successfully.
ex. Moose, caribou, trout, salmon, fox, pine marten
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Levels of Organization
a. Individuals – one member of a specific species
ex. goose
b. Population – includes all the members of the same species that live together in one ecosystem at the same time.
ex. Flock of geese
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c. CommunityIncludes all the populations that
live together and interact with each other in the same ecosystem
Ex. Geese, ducks, rabbits, moose, frogs all living next to a pond.
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Niche Includes the role of a species
plays in an ecosystem which includes:◦Where it lives◦How it gets food◦How it affects the environment◦How it interacts with other
organisms
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What is the role of the mushrooms?
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What is the role of the eagle?
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What is the role of each plant?
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