Unit 1: From Pre-History Unit 1: From Pre-History to Early Civilizationsto Early Civilizations

Chapter 3: Ancient IndiaChapter 3: Ancient India

Section I: Indus Valley Section I: Indus Valley CivilizationCivilization(Pages 48-55)(Pages 48-55)

This section is about:This section is about: The development and The development and

the decline of the Indus the decline of the Indus Valley civilization.Valley civilization.

The archeological The archeological evidence of the evidence of the economic and cultural economic and cultural life of the people of life of the people of Harappa and Mohenjo Harappa and Mohenjo Daro.Daro.

Some questions for our class:Some questions for our class:

Who am I? (you - not this guy)Who am I? (you - not this guy) What am I to do?What am I to do? How should I see things?How should I see things?

Read the text on page 48 in our books.Read the text on page 48 in our books. And, look at the picture on page 49And, look at the picture on page 49 What else should we do before we move on?What else should we do before we move on?

Lets be Lets be ““active readersactive readers”” (top right of page 50)(top right of page 50)

What else should we do?What else should we do?

Look at vocabulary wordsLook at vocabulary words Look at the Look at the ““Main IdeasMain Ideas”” Check out the picturesCheck out the pictures Check out the headings (in red in our Check out the headings (in red in our

book)book)

What we often call the India What we often call the India sub-continent sub-continent is really 3 places today: India / Pakistan / is really 3 places today: India / Pakistan /

BangladeshBangladesh

The Himalaya Mountains(biggest mountains on earth)

Indo-Gangetic Plain(Farming – Indus and Ganges Rivers)

Deccan Plateau(raised area of level land)

The Western Ghats The Eastern GhatsDesert

The South-Central section of Asia

The weather in this region:The weather in this region:

Has a lot of monsoons: heavy Has a lot of monsoons: heavy winds with very heavy rainfall.winds with very heavy rainfall.

Last from early June to early Last from early June to early OctoberOctober

Some places (East side) get as Some places (East side) get as much as much as 450 inches 450 inches of rain a of rain a year.year.

The people depend on the rain The people depend on the rain for water for their farms, but for water for their farms, but too much rain is a problem.too much rain is a problem.

The rest of the year has The rest of the year has cooler, dryer weathercooler, dryer weather

India can also get very hot – India can also get very hot – up to the 120up to the 120’’s in the deserts in the desert

IndiaIndia’’s first great civilization (3500 B.C.) is s first great civilization (3500 B.C.) is called:called:

The The Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization – they were around for – they were around for about 1000 years – and about 1000 years – and then vanished.then vanished.

Traders: wove cotton, Traders: wove cotton, made jewelry and furniture, made jewelry and furniture, cooking utensils, writing cooking utensils, writing sticks, back scratchers, sticks, back scratchers, dice, and game pieces.dice, and game pieces.

Famers: grew wheat, Famers: grew wheat, barley, cotton, and fruitbarley, cotton, and fruit

Both: used stone, copper, Both: used stone, copper, and bronze tools.and bronze tools.

It seems they also traded It seems they also traded with other cultures at times.with other cultures at times.

Harappa and Mohenjo-DaroHarappa and Mohenjo-Daro(archeologists started digging at (archeologists started digging at the oldest Indian the oldest Indian

settlements we know of settlements we know of about 1921)about 1921)

Both about 1 square mile, Both about 1 square mile, similar layouts, and careful similar layouts, and careful planning.planning.

In the center: a huge In the center: a huge fortress on a hill – called a fortress on a hill – called a citadelcitadel

Inside: a bath house, grain Inside: a bath house, grain storage area, and a storage area, and a residential buildingresidential building

Why are these inside?Why are these inside? Streets ran parallel to each Streets ran parallel to each

other - to do all this must other - to do all this must have taken great planning.have taken great planning.

Brick homesBrick homes Some small (one Some small (one

room) – others large room) – others large (even with court-(even with court-yards and private yards and private wells for drinking and wells for drinking and bath water).bath water).

People lived in areas People lived in areas according to their according to their jobs.jobs.

The most advance The most advance plumbing in the world plumbing in the world – water and sewer – water and sewer pipes running under pipes running under the streetsthe streets

These people must have also been These people must have also been traderstraders

Indus Valley goods have also Indus Valley goods have also been found in other areas been found in other areas and goods from other areas and goods from other areas have been found there.have been found there.

They must have used the They must have used the oceans and the many rivers oceans and the many rivers in the area.in the area.

Indian pottery even has been Indian pottery even has been found in Mesopotamia.found in Mesopotamia.

Archeologists have also Archeologists have also found: games, toys (clay found: games, toys (clay monkey that would slide monkey that would slide down a string and a clay bull down a string and a clay bull that wiggled itthat wiggled it’’s head), s head), marbles, and dice (the same marbles, and dice (the same kind we use today)kind we use today)

Writing / Writing / Language:Language:

They had some They had some writing, but we writing, but we dondon’’t know what t know what language they language they spoke.spoke.

When we do find When we do find ““writingwriting””, we don, we don’’t t know how to read know how to read it.it.

ReligionReligion WeWe’’re not sure re not sure

what role religion what role religion played in their played in their lives.lives.

Some figurines Some figurines (mostly female) (mostly female) look like look like gods/goddesses.gods/goddesses.

The bodies of the The bodies of the dead were buried dead were buried with heads to the with heads to the north, so… ?north, so… ?

Decline Decline /Disappearance/Disappearance

Change in climate Change in climate and people moved?and people moved?

River changed and River changed and not enough water?not enough water?

Earthquake / flood / Earthquake / flood / disease?disease?

Invaded and Invaded and conquered?conquered?

Some remains have Some remains have been found that been found that werenweren’’t buried – so t buried – so what might that what might that mean?mean?

Lets finish being Lets finish being ““active active readersreaders””

(top right of page 50)(top right of page 50)