UNIDAD: 3.- LA MATERIA DEL UNIVERSO

LA MATERIA Y SUS PROPIEDADES: • Los materiales que forman el universo : Todo el universo conocido está formado por los

mismos materiales. Los materiales que forman la Tierra son los mismos que los que forman la Luna, Júpiter o el Sol.

• Materia : Es todo aquello que tiene masa y volumen.• Sustancia : Es cada uno de los distintos tipos de materia.• Propiedades de la materia:

- Propiedades generales: Son las que tienen en común toda la materia y nos permite reconocerla. Son propiedades generales:

- La masa: es la cantidad de materia que tiene un cuerpo- El volumen: es el espacio que ocupa esa materia.

- Propiedades específicas: Son las que nos permiten diferenciar unos materiales de otros.- Algunas propiedades específicas son: el color, el brillo, el tamaño, la forma, la dureza, la densidad, la elasticidad, etc.

MEDIDA DE LA MATERIA:• Magnitud : Es cualquier propiedad de la materia que se puede medir, por ejemplo: el peso, la

longitud, la velocidad, etc.• Medir: Es comparar una magnitud con la unidad, por ejemplo: 3 kg., 2 m., 50 km/h, etc.• Sistema Internacional de Unidades (S.I.): Casi todos los países del mundo han adoptado

este sistema de unidades, de manera que casi todo el mundo medimos de igual forma.En la siguiente tabla podemos ver las unidades más importantes:

SISTEMA INTERNACIONAL DE UNIDADES (S.I.)Magnitudes más

importantesUnidades Símbolos Aparatos de medida

Longitud Metro m Cinta métricaMasa Kilogramo Kg BalanzaTiempo Segundo s RelojTemperatura Grados Kelvin º K termómetro

LA DENSIDAD:• Densidad : Es la relación que hay entre la masa de un cuerpo y el volumen que ocupa.

Matemáticamente se expresa así:

La unidad más importante para medir la densidad es el g / cm3, también se usa el kg / m3.• Masa : es la cantidad de materia que tiene un cuerpo. La masa no varía de un lugar a otro, un

cuerpo tiene la misma masa en la Tierra o el la Luna. Su unidad más importante es el kg.• Peso: Es la fuerza con que la Tierra atrae un cuerpo. El peso varía de un lugar a otro, un

mismo cuerpo no tiene el mismo peso en la Tierra o en la Luna. Su unidad la estudiaremos más adelante. • Volumen: Es el espacio que ocupa un cuerpo, es decir lo grande o lo pequeño que es, su

unidad más importante es el m3, aunque los cuerpos más pequeños se miden en cm3.

MATERIALES:• Los objetos están fabricados con múltiples materiales. Cada material se selecciona

cuidadosamente en función de sus propiedades.• La creciente industrialización exige que busquemos nuevos materiales para fabricar objetos

novedosos o mejorar los antiguos materiales.• Nuestro conocimiento científico también nos permite fabricar sustancias que nunca han

existido. Por ejemplo recientemente se han inventado: medicamentos, insecticidas, plásticos, barnices, pinturas, fibras, etc.

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NAME: ___________________________________________ DATE:__________ 1º ___ (Bilingual)

UNIT: 2.- THE MATTER OF THE UNIVERSETHE MATTER AND THEIR PROPERTIES:

• The materials that form the universe : The whole known universe is formed by the same materials. The materials that form the Earth are the same ones that form the Moon, Jupiter or the Sun.• Matter : It is everything that has mass and volume.• Substance : It is each one of the different matter types.• Properties of matter:

- General properties: They are those that all matter shares and allows us to recognize matter. These are general properties:

- Mass: it is the quantity of matter that a body has. - Volume: it is the space that occupies this matter.

- Specific properties: They are those that allow us to differentiate some materials from others. - Some specific properties are: the colour, the shine, the size, the form, the hardness, the

density, the elasticity, etc. 1.- Copy this information:

2. – Translate these words:Universe: Matter: Substance:Mass: Volume: General properties:Earth: Sun: Moon:Materials: Body: Colour:Shine: Size: Hardness:Density: Elasticity: Specific properties:

3.- What is matter?

4. - Write the specific properties of matter:

5. - What is the mass of a body?

6. - What is the volume of a body?

7. - Match the two columns with arrows

Colour Mass General properties Smell ShineVolumeDensity Specific properties Size

8. - Write a “T” if the phrase is true and “F” if the phrase is falsea) The whole known universe is formed by the same materials

b) Matter is everything that has mass and volume.

c) Substance is the 1same as volume

d) Mass is a specific property of matter.

9.- Fill-in the blank:a) The whole known __________ is formed by the same ____________. The materials that form the

____ are the same ones that form the _______, _________ or the ______.

b) ____________ is everything that has ________ and _________.

c) ____________________ are those that all matter _________ and allows us to _______________.

d) ____________________ are those that allow us to ______________ some __________ from _____.

10.- Complete with vowels:

a) M__tt__r __s __v__ryth__ng th__t h__s m__ss __nd v__l__m__.

b) S__bst__nc__ __s __ __ch __n__ __f th__ d__ff__r__nt m__tt__r typ__s.

c) M__ss __s th__ q__ __nt__ty __f m__tt__r th__t __ b__dy h__s.

d) V__l__m__ __s th__ sp__c__ th__t __cc__p____s th__s m__tt__r.

1 Same as = lo mismo que

NAME: ___________________________________________ DATE:__________ 1º ___ (Bilingual)

MEASURE OF MATTER: • Magnitude : It is any property of matter that you can measure, for example: the

weight, the length, the speed, etc. • To measure : It is to compare a magnitude with the unit, for example: 3 kg., 2 m., 50

km/h, etc. • International System of Units (S.I.): Almost all the countries of the world have

adopted this system of units, so that almost everybody measures in the same way.In the following chart we can see the most important units:

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (S.I.)Magnitudes most

importantUnits Symbols

Measure apparatuses

Length Meter m Metric tapeMass Kilogram Kg ScaleTime Second s ClockTemperature Grades Kelvin º K thermometer

1. - copy without the chart:

2. - Translate these words:Magnitud: _______________ Medir: ___________________________Metro: __________________ Kilogramo: _______________________Segundo: ________________ Balanza: _________________________Reloj: ___________________ Termómetro: _____________________Sistema Internacional de Unidades: ______________________________________

3.- What is a magnitude?

4.- What is to measure?

5. - Match these columns with arrows:Longitude 3 m 5 kg Magnitude Mass 8 l Time Measure

Temperature 50º

6. - Write a “T” if the phrase is true and “F” if the phrase is falsea) All the countries of the world have adopted the International System of Units.

b) The “kg” measures the time.

c) The “m” measures the longitude.

d) The symbol of kilogram is “g”.

7. - Measure the 2width and the length of your table with your ruler

8.- Complete the chart:

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (S.I.)

Time Mass Length Temperature

Units

Symbols

Measure apparatuses

9.- Complete:a) ______________ is to compare a _____________ with the unit.

b) ______________ is any property of matter that you can measure.

c) ______________ = International System of Units.

d) ______________ is for example: the weight, the length, the speed, etc.

10.- Circle the correct word:a) The weight is a magnitude / measure.

b) 56 kg is a magnitude / measure.

c) 1 hour and 30 minutes is a magnitude / measure.

d) The speed is a magnitude / measure.

e) The temperature is a magnitude / measure.

f) 35 ºC is a magnitude / measure.

2 width and the leght = ancho y largo

NAME: ___________________________________________ DATE:__________ 1º ___ (Bilingual)

THE DENSITY:• Density: It is the relationship between the mass of a body and the volume that it

occupies.Mathematically it is expressed this way.

The most important unit to measure the density is the g / cm3, it is also used kg / m3. • Mass : it is the quantity of matter that a body has. The mass doesn't vary from one

place to another; a body has the same mass on the Earth or the Moon. The most important unit is the kg.

• Weight : It is the force with which the Earth attracts a body. The weight varies from one place to another; one body doesn't have the same weight on the Earth or on the Moon. We will study the units later.

• Volume : It is the space that a body occupies, or how big or small that it is, the most important unit is the m3, although the smallest bodies are measured in cm3.

1. - Copy this information:

2. – Translate these words:Volume: Weight:Mass: Density:Unit: Measure:Body: Earth:Moon: Small or big: 3. - What is the difference between mass and weight?

4. - How do we express mathematically the density?

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5. - What are the most important units of density?

6. - What are the most important units of volume?

7. - Write a “T” if the phrase is true and “F” if the phrase is false

a) Volume is the space that a body occupies.b) A body has the same mass on the Earth or the Moonc) a body doesn’t have the same weight on the Earth or on the Moon.d) Density is the relationship that there is between the mass of a body and the volume that it occupies.

8.- Match the columns with arrows:

cm3

Volume m3

Density kg/m3

Mass kgg/cm3

9.- Complete:___________: It is the ___________ that a body _________.

___________: It is the ___________ with which the _________ attracts a ___________.

___________: It is the ___________ between the ________ of a _________and the __________ that it

occupies.

___________: it is the ___________ of _________ that a _______ has.

10.- a) Look at this problem an its solution:Example: Calculate the density of an aluminium block; if its volume is 50 cm3 and its weighs is 135 g.

Solution:

b) Solve this problem:Calculate the density of a titanium block; if its volume is 200 cm3 and its weighs is 902 g.

33

/7.250

135cmg

cm

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NAME: ___________________________________________ DATE:__________ 1º ___ (Bilingual)

MATERIALS: • The objects are manufactured with multiple materials. Each material is selected

carefully for the function of its properties.• The growing industrialization demands that we look for new materials to

manufacture novel objects or to improve old materials.• Our scientific knowledge also allows us to manufacture substances that have never

existed. For example recently they have invented: medications, insecticides, plastics, varnishes, paintings, fibers, etc.

1.- Copy this information in the box:

2.- Translate:Materials: Growing industrialization:Properties: Scientific knowledge:Medications: Insecticides:Plastics: Varnishes:Paintings: Fibers:

3. - Complete:a) The ________________ are manufactured with ______________ materials.b) The ________________ industrialization demands that we look for _____ _____________ c) Each ________________ is selected _______________ for the function of its _______________d) Recently they have invented: ______________, ________________, ______________, ________________. ________________, _________________, etc.

4. - Write a “T” if the phrase is true and “F” if the phrase is falsea) Each material is selected carefully for the function of its mass.b) Recently they have invented: medications, paintings, etc.c) The objects are manufactured with multiple materials.d) The objects aren’t manufactured with multiple materials.

5. - Draw three objects and write with which materials they are manufactured.

6. - Draw and write the name of three old objects, and three new objects.

7.- Complete:a) Th__ gr__w__ng __nd__str__ __l__z__t__ __n d__m__nds th__t w__ l__ __k

f__r n__w m__t__r__ __ls t__ m__n__f__ct__r__ n__v__l __bj__cts __r t__

__mpr__v__ __ld m__t__r__ __ls.

8.- Correct the mistake:a) The materials are manufactured with multiple matters. Each material is selected carefully for the function of its proportions.

b) Our knowledge scientific also allows us to manufacture objects that have never existed. For example recently they have invented: meditation, insecticides, plastics, varnishes, paintings, fibers, etc.

9.- Cross out the wrong words:a) The objects / adjectives are manufactured with multiple materials.b) Each matter / material is selected carefully for the function of its properties.c) Our scientific knowledge also allows us to manufacture substances / objects that have never existed

10.- Complete:

O__r __ __ien__ __fic __no__le__ __e a__s__ a__ __ow__ __s t__ __a__u__ac__ure

__ __bs__ __nces __ __ __ __ hav__ n__ver __xi__ __ed.