uninterruptible power supplies anr
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
1
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES
A N RAVAL ELECRICAL ENGINEER
CO(IS).IOCL
• THIS PRESENTATION IS FOR INFORMATIONAL AND THIS PRESENTATION IS FOR INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. IT DOES NOT CONTAIN EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. IT DOES NOT CONTAIN ALL INFORMATION REQUIRED, AND IS NOT INTENDED TO ALL INFORMATION REQUIRED, AND IS NOT INTENDED TO BE USED FOR THE SPECIFICATION OR DESIGN OF BE USED FOR THE SPECIFICATION OR DESIGN OF UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS) OR UPS UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS) OR UPS SYSTEMS.SYSTEMS.
2
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY?WHY USE A UPS?
3
WHAT IS AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY?
AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) IS A DEVICE THAT HAS AN ALTERNATE SOURCE OF ENERGY THAT CAN PROVIDE POWER WHEN THE PRIMARY POWER SOURCE IS TEMPORARILY DISABLED
THE SWITCHOVER TIME MUST BE SMALL ENOUGH TO NOT CAUSE A DISRUPTION IN THE OPERATION OF THE LOADS
4
WHY USE A UPS?
PROTECTS AGAINST MULTIPLE TYPES OF POWER DISTURBANCES
ONLY DEVICE THAT PROTECTS AGAINST AN OUTAGEOFFERS PROTECTION AGAINST
EQUIPMENT NOT OPERATING PROPERLY COMPUTER AND EQUIPMENT DAMAGE DATA LOSS TIME AND EXPENSE TO RECOVER BACK TO WHERE
YOU WERE, IF EVEN POSSIBLE
5
POWER DISTURBANCES
CAUSESTYPESDURATIONRESULTING PROBLEMSCOMMENTSWHAT THE POWER UTILITY CAN DOWHAT THE ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER
(OEM) CAN DOWHAT YOU CAN DOPROTECTIVE DEVICES
6
CAUSES OF POWER DISTURBANCES
STORM ACTIVITY – LIGHTNING, WIND, ICEOBJECTS COMING IN CONTACT WITH POWER LINE AND
TRIPPING BREAKER – TREE BRANCHES, ANIMALS, OTHER
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITYACCIDENTS – MOTOR VEHICLE, OTHEREQUIPMENT FAILUREOVERLOADINGLOAD SWITCHINGPOOR GROUNDING
7
TYPES OF POWER DISTURBANCES
INTERRUPTIONSAG, UNDER VOLTAGESURGE, OVER VOLTAGEVOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONFREQUENCY VARIATIONSPIKES / TRANSIENTS
IMPULSIVE OSCILLATORY
WAVEFORM DISTORTION DC OFFSET HARMONICS INTERHARMONICS NOTCHING NOISE
VOLTAGE IMBALANCE
8
DURATION OF POWER DISTURBANCES
INSTANTANEOUS - ½ CYCLE (8 1/3 ms) OR LESSMOMENTARY - ½ CYCLE TO 3 SECTEMPORARY - 3 SEC TO 1 MINSUSTAINED - GREATER THAN 1 MINUTE
9
PROBLEMS RESULTING FROMPOWER DISTURBANCES DATA ERRORS DATA LOSS BLOWN FUSES TRIPPED BREAKERS INTERFERENCE WITH CONTROL OF LOADS OVERLOADED NEUTRAL CONDUCTORS MOTORS
HEATING SPEED VARIATION STALLING AUDIBLE NOISE VIBRATION
TRANSFORMERS HEATING AUDIBLE NOISE VIBRATION
10
POWER DISTURBANCESANDPROTECTIVE DEVICES
SURGE PROTECTOR
LINE FILTER ISOLATION TRANSFORMER
VOLTAGE REGULATING
LINE CONDITIONER
ON-LINE UPS
INTERRUPTION YESSAG, UNDER VOLTAGE YES YES
SURGE, OVER VOLTAGE YES YESVOLTAGE FLUCTUATION YES YESFREQUENCY VARIATION YES
IMPULSIVE YES YES YESOSCILLATORY YES YES YES
DC OFFSET YES YESHARMONICS YES YES
INTERHARMONICS YESNOTCHING YES YES
NOISE YES YES YESVOLTAGE IMBALANCE YES
PROTECTIVE DEVICE OFFER PROTECTION?
WAVEFORM DISTORTION
SPIKES / TRANSIENTS
POWER DISTURBANCE
11
UPS
ARCHITECTURESWAVEFORMS INVERTER TECHNOLOGYCOMPONENTSSWITCHOVER TIMEADVANTAGES / DIS-ADVANTAGESSIZINGBATTERY SAFETY
12
UPS COMPONENTS
CONVERTER - AC TO DC SPD - PROTECTS AGAINST SPIKES AND TRANSIENTS
BATTERY STORED ENERGY DEVICE - PROTECTS AGAINST INTERRUPTIONS
INVERTER – DC TO AC WAVEFORM SYNTHESIS – PROTECTS AGAINST DC OFFSET AND
INTERHARMONICS FILTER – PROTECTS AGAINST HARMONICS, NOTCHING AND NOISE VOLTAGE REGULATOR – PROTECTS AGAINST SAGS, SURGES AND
FLUCTUATIONS
MONITOR AND CONTROL HARDWARE / SOFTWARE
13
SWITCHOVER TIME
A TYPICAL SWITCHOVER TIME 2 – 4 ms
ONE QUARTER CYCLE OR LESS
FOR SOME EQUIPMENT THIS IS NOT TOLERABLE
14
BLOCK DIAGRAMLINE INTERACTIVE UPS
BATTERY CHARGER
AC SUPPLY
INVERTERDC TO AC
CRITICALLOAD
(AC)
BATTERY
AUTOMATIC SWITCH
AC FAIL
15
BLOCK DIAGRAMON-LINE UPS
CONVERTER AC TO DC
AC SUPPLY
INVERTERDC TO AC
CRITICALLOAD
(AC)
BATTERY
AUTOMATIC SWITCH
INVERTER FAIL
16
UPS WAVEFORMS
TRUE SINEWAVEMODIFIED SINEWAVESQUARE WAVE
17
UPS WAVEFORMS
-170
0
170
0 4 8 12 16 20
TIME (ms)
VO
LT
AG
E
TRUE SINEWAVEMODIFIED SINEWAVESQUARE WAVE
18
INVERTER TECHNOLOGY FOR TRUE SINEWAVE
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION - PWMLINEAR AMPLIFIERRESONANT INVERTER
19
BLOCK DIAGRAMPWM INVERTER
HIGH FREQUENCY GENERATOR
PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR
BASE / GATE DRIVE
TRANSISTOR BRIDGE
TRANSFORMER FILTER
CRITICALLOAD
(AC)
REFERENCE SINEWAVE
GENERATORCOMPARISON
AMPLIFIER
DC POWER
20
BLOCK DIAGRAMRESONANT INVERTER
SQUARE WAVE
GENERATOR
SWITCH DRIVE
TRANSISTOR SWITCHES
TRANSFORMERLC RESONANT TANK FILTER
CRITICALLOAD
(AC)
DC POWER
(OR FERRORESONANT)
21
ADVANTAGES / DIS-ADVANTAGES OF THE DIFFERENT UPS ARCHITECTURES
LINE INTERACTIVE ADVANTAGES AC TO DC CONVERTER / BATTERY CHARGER DOES NOT HAVE TO
PROVIDE FULL LOAD POWER (POTENTIALLY CHEAPER) LESS STRESS ON DC TO AC INVERTER SINCE IT RUNS AT NO LOAD
UNTIL UPS SWITCHES TO BATTERY POWER (POTENTIALLY CHEAPER)
ON-LINE ADVANTAGES ZERO SWITCHOVER TIME FROM MAIN LINE TO BATTERY POWER ALWAYS ISOLATED FROM POWER DISTURBANCES ON THE MAIN
LINE
22
SIZING THE UPS
EQUIPMENT RATINGS FOR LOADS OBTAIN RATINGS FROM NAMEPLATE OR SPEC SHEET ENERGY USAGE MAY BE SPECIFIED IN VOLT AMPS (VA) OR WATTS
(W) AND IN VALUES THAT ARE EITHER MAXIMUM OR NOMINAL (VA) AND (W) ARE RELATED VIA THE POWER FACTOR
TOTAL UPS LOAD MUST NOT EXCEED THE UPS VOLT AMP (VA) RATING
TOTAL UPS LOAD MUST NOT EXCEED THE UPS WATT (W) RATING
OVERSIZE / DERATE TO ADD LIFE
RUNTIME CHARTS
23
BATTERY SAFETY
MAINTENANCE INSPECT PERIODICALLY REPLACE AS NEEDED
RISKS ACID ELECTRIC SHOCK BURN FLYING, MOLTEN METAL (EYES) INJURIES RESULTING FROM CARRYING HEAVY BATTERY PACKS
DISPOSAL DISPOSE OF PROPERLY RECYCLE WHENEVER POSSIBLE
24
DOES A UPS OFFER COMPLETE PROTECTION?
SOME POWER DISTURBANCES MAY EXCEED THE HANDLING CAPABILITY OF THE UPS
UPS FAILURE
25
DO YOU THINK “POWER DISTURBANCES WON’T HAPPEN TO YOU” ?
POWER DISTURBANCES OCCUR FREQUENTLY, THOUGH MANY ARE SMALL AND WITHOUT CONSEQUENCE
AN ON-LINE UPS CAN PROTECT AGAINST MORE SIGNIFICANT POWER DISTURBANCES WHEN THEY DO OCCUR
THE COST OF NOT HAVING A UPS CAN EASILY EXCEED THE COST OF A UPS
26
SUMMARYTHINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN SPECIFYING A UPS
POWER QUALITY ARCHITECTURE - LINE INTERACTIVE OR ON-LINE WAVEFORM - SQUARE, MODIFIED SINE, TRUE SINE IMMUNITY TO DISTURBANCES OTHER THAN OUTAGE
RUN TIME WITH AN OUTAGERELIABILITYAUDIBLE NOISEMONITOR AND CONTROL HARDWARE / SOFTWARE
LOCAL / REMOTE CONTROL
INITIAL COSTMAINTENANCE COSTWARRANTY
AN RAVAL