RISE OF NATIONALISM

• NATIONALIST FEELINGS WERE WIDESPREAD AMONG MIDDLE-CLASS GERMANS ,WHO IN 1848 TRIED TO UNITE THE DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE GERMAN CONFEDERATION INTO A NATION STATE GOVERNED BY AN ELECTED PARLIAMENT.

• THE LIBERAL INITIATIVE TO NATION-BUILDING WAS REPRESSED BY COMBINED FORCES OF MONARCHY AND MILITARY SUPPORTED BY LARGE LAND OWNERS (CALLED JUNKERS) OF PRUSSIA.

• THE NEXT IMAGE IS OF GERMANIA,ARTIST HAVE PREPARED THIS PAINTING ON COTTON BANNER,AS IT WAS MEANT TO HANG FROM THE CEILING OF THE CHURCH OF ST PAUL WHERE FRANKFURT PARLIAMENT WAS CONVENED IN MARCH 1848.

THE FEMALE FIGURE GERMANIA

BECAME ALLEGORY OF THE

NATION.

IN HER VISUAL REPRESENTATION

GERMANIA WEARS CROWN OF OAK

LEAVES…AS GERMAN OAK

SIGNIFIES HEROISM.

• PRUSSIA TOOK LEADERSHIP FOR NATIONAL UNIFICATION.

• ITS CHIEF MINISTER OTTO VON BISMARK WAS ARCHITECT OF THE PROCESS CARRIED OUT WITH THE HELP OF PRUSSIAN ARMY AND BUREAUCRACY.

BISMARK ON RIGHT WITH NAPOLEAN III

THREE WARS OVER SEVEN YEARS.

• - WITH AUSTRIA,DENMARK,AND FRANCE ENDED IN PRUSSIAN VICTORY AND COMPLETED THE PROCESS OF UNIFICATION.

PROCLAMATION OF EMPEROR

• IN JANUARY 1871;THE PRUSSIAN KING WILLIAM I, WAS PROCLAIMED GERMAN EMPEROR IN A CEREMONY HELD AT HALL OF MIRRORS, VERSAILLES.

• ON BITTERLY COLD MORNING OF 18 JAN 1871 AN ASSEMBLY COMPRISING-

• PRINCES OF GERMAN STATES.

• REPRENTATIVES OF ARMY.

• CHIEF MINISTER BISMARK.

GATHERED IN HALL OF MIRRORS IN THE PALACE OF VERSAILLES TO……

• TO PROCLAIM THE NEW GERMAIN EMPIRE HEADED BY KAISER WILLIAM I OF PRUSSIA.

• NEXT IMAGE IS OF HALL OF MIRRORS AT VERSAIILES.

AT CENTRE STANDS THE KAISER & THE CHIEF COMMANDER OF PRUSSIAN ARMY GENERAL VON ROON NEAR HIM

IS BISMARK.

• HENCE ON 18 JAN 1871 UNIFICATION OF GERMANY WAS ACHIEVED.