UnificationUnification

Italy and Italy and GermanyGermany

NationalismNationalism►NationalismNationalism - Loyalty to a - Loyalty to a

nation rather than to its nation rather than to its rulerruler Peoples’ national identityPeoples’ national identity People share common People share common language, religion, & culturelanguage, religion, & culture

NationalismNationalism►1848 Revolutions - poor 1848 Revolutions - poor

and working-class people and working-class people revolt all over Europe revolt all over Europe (except England / Russia)(except England / Russia) Revolutions are Revolutions are unsuccessful, but fuel unsuccessful, but fuel NationalismNationalism

ItalyItaly

ItalyItaly►Pre-unification:Pre-unification:

Northern Italy ruled by Northern Italy ruled by AustriaAustria

Southern Italy ruled by Southern Italy ruled by Spanish kingsSpanish kings

ItalyItaly►Giuseppe Mazzini (26yrs Giuseppe Mazzini (26yrs old) forms “Young Italy”old) forms “Young Italy”Young Italian nationalists Young Italian nationalists No one over 40 can joinNo one over 40 can join““Young Italy” fails, but Young Italy” fails, but fuels nationalismfuels nationalism

ItalyItaly►Count Camillo di Cavour - Count Camillo di Cavour - Prime Minister of Sardinia Prime Minister of Sardinia (Italian Kingdom)(Italian Kingdom) Allies with France to drive Allies with France to drive Austrians out of Northern ItalyAustrians out of Northern Italy

Funds Garibaldi's rebels in Funds Garibaldi's rebels in Southern ItalySouthern Italy

Count Count CavourCavour

ItalyItaly►Giuseppe Garibaldi - led Giuseppe Garibaldi - led

Italian nationalist army Italian nationalist army called “Red Shirts”called “Red Shirts” Captures Sicily and unites Captures Sicily and unites Southern ItalySouthern Italy

Adds land he conquers to Adds land he conquers to SardiniaSardinia

GiuseppGiuseppe e

GaribaldGaribaldii

ItalyItaly►Joint Italian army conquers Joint Italian army conquers

Papal States (last to be Papal States (last to be added)added) Rome becomes capital Rome becomes capital (1871)(1871)

Church keeps Vatican CityChurch keeps Vatican City

ItalyItaly

►Italy is unified and Rome Italy is unified and Rome becomes its official capital becomes its official capital in 1871.in 1871.

►Victor Emmanuel II is the Victor Emmanuel II is the first official king of all of first official king of all of Italy.Italy.

ItalyItaly►Problems after unification: Problems after unification:

Different ways of lifeDifferent ways of life►Northern Italy – IndustrialNorthern Italy – Industrial►Southern Italy – AgriculturalSouthern Italy – Agricultural

Different dialects of ItalianDifferent dialects of ItalianEconomic problemsEconomic problems

GermanyGermany

GermanyGermany►Pre - Unification: Pre - Unification:

German Confederation German Confederation dominated by Prussia dominated by Prussia under Kaiser Wilhelm I under Kaiser Wilhelm I

Prussia - all German, Prussia - all German, strong army, strong army, industrializedindustrialized

GermanyGermany►Otto von Bismarck - Otto von Bismarck - Prime Minister of PrussiaPrime Minister of Prussia ““Realpolitik” – Bismarck’s Realpolitik” – Bismarck’s ideology ideology

Achieve / hold power by any Achieve / hold power by any means necessary means necessary ►"blood and iron""blood and iron"

Otto Otto von von

BismarcBismarckk

GermanyGermany►Austro-Prussian WarAustro-Prussian War

Prussia takes territory from Prussia takes territory from Austria and unifies Northern Austria and unifies Northern GermanyGermany

GermanyGermany►Franco-Prussian War Franco-Prussian War

(1870 – 1871)(1870 – 1871) Bismarck faked a telegram Bismarck faked a telegram between Wilhelm and between Wilhelm and Napoleon III of France to start Napoleon III of France to start a wara war

German kingdoms unite German kingdoms unite against Franceagainst France

GermanyGermany Prussian army lays siege to Prussian army lays siege to Paris and defeats the FrenchParis and defeats the French

After the war, the German After the war, the German Empire is officially declaredEmpire is officially declared►Bismarck – Chancellor of Bismarck – Chancellor of GermanyGermany

Otto von Otto von BismarcBismarc

kk

UnificationUnification►With Italy and Germany’s With Italy and Germany’s

rise to power, Europe’s rise to power, Europe’s “Balance of Power” is “Balance of Power” is destroyeddestroyed