uneso zs open forum · uneso zs open forum 1 haired by: jānis kārkliņš assistant...

UNESCO‘s Open Forum

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Chaired by: Jānis Kārkliņš

Assistant Director-General for Communication and Information

UNESCO

Agenda

1. UNESCO‘s special Internet Governance session at the first WSIS+10

2. Freedom of Expression, Privacy and the Role of Intermediaries

3. Ethical Dimension of Inclusive Knowledge Societies

4. Digital Preservation

5. Media and Literacy framework

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1. UNESCO‘s special session on:

Internet Governance

at the

first WSIS+10 Review event

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2013 – first WSIS+10 Event

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WSIS+10

• Working papers – inclusive online discussions

• Multistakeholder developed WSIS+10 Final Statement adopted in plenary by consensus

• Recommendations adopted by stakeholders in their sessions

17 IG related sessions

• 4 UNESCO special sessions on IG o Launch of EURid-UNESCO World Report on IDN

Deployment 2012

o Cultural and linguistic diversity: Exploring economic and educational aspects of local content

o Promoting Freedom of Expression and Privacy on the Internet

o Digital Safety of Journalists

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o Launch of EURid-UNESCO World Report on IDN Deployment 2012

Challenges:

- Slow uptake of IDN registrations since 2009

- Challenges faced by those who have deployed IDNs

- Identify factors encouraging uptake of IDNs in a country

Recommendations:

- Technical Community: adopt processes to facilitate introduction of IDNs

- Policy makers: promote the deployment and raise awareness of IDNs

- TLD registrars: review their policies on registrars, pricing and registration eligibility

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o Cultural and linguistic diversity: Exploring economic and educational aspects of local content

Challenges:

- Content divide: correlations btw network infrastructure & local content

- Support of educational processes: digital text books and learning materials = attributes of local content in both formal and alternative learning contexts

Recommendations:

Policy makers should:

- Evaluate level of multiple skills

- Improve basic literacy

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o Promoting Freedom of Expression and Privacy on the Internet

Challenges:

- Major issues surrounding online privacy and their impact on FoE

- What can governments, civil society, media stakeholders and the private sector do? How to empower users?

Recommendations:

- Elastic public interest test to ensure balance btw FoE and privacy

- Educate in MIL to protect one’s own privacy and freedom of expression

– More transparency from Internet intermediaries re data access and sharing practices

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o Digital Safety of Journalists

Challenges:

- Emerging threats endanger the safety of journalists, bloggers, citizen journalists; Awareness and response; Resources, rights and principles ;

- Misperceptions surrounding digital safety?

- Role of gvts, international org, civ soc, media, private sector

- Gaps in our current understanding

Recommendations:

- Technical training in digital safety

- Awareness on journalists’ digital threats

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o International Domain Names – Present and Future (ICANN)

o Promoting Freedom of Expression and Media Development in Arab States (UNESCO)

o The role of traditional media in new media landscape (WAN-IFRA)

o Beyond the Code: are Human Rights part of the Internet’s DNA? (ISOC)

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o Rights-Based Principles and the Internet: Taking Stock and Moving Forward

o Opportunities and Challenges of Domain Names Industry in the Arab World and updates on the Arab IGF (AIGF) process (ESCWA & LAS)

o Cybersecurity – Searching for a common understanding (ISOC)

o Identifying Emerging Trends and Vision Beyond 2015: Infrastructure, Cybersecurity and Enabling environment (ITU)

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o WGIG + 8: Stock-Taking, Mapping, and Going Forward (Center for Internet Governance)

o Internet Governance Principles: Towards a Multistakeholder and Universal Framework of Commitments (Wolfgang Kleinwaecheter)

o Contested Governance: Exploring the Evolving Policy-making Environment and Considering Collaborative Solutions from the Netroots (IAMCR)

o Public and industry regulatory initiatives in the field of intellectual property enforcement (ISOC)

o Enhanced cooperation and the Internet addressing organizations (ICANN & Apnic)

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2. Freedom of Expression, Privacy and the Role of Intermediaries

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Research context

• States have duty to protect, non-state actors to respect freedom of expression

• Issue: Content may be (a) illegal in terms of international standards, (b) illegal in terms of national laws, (c) legal but meriting certain restrictions, and (d) offensive in some eyes but not attracting restriction.

• Issue: Terms of service, and actions, in balancing foe with security when authorities require censorship, intercept or disclosure.

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Research context

• Private sector role - Ruggie principles, OECD, GNI, EC ICT sector guide = “good practice guidelines”

• FoE as norm, (legitimate) limits as exception?

• Issues: intermediary liability, self-regulation, privatised censorship, correspondence with international stds…

• Research does not aim for a representative or quantitative sample, but rather to extrapolate findings from qualitative case studies. 16

Research terms

• Example: what can cases like Youtube actions on the “Innocence of Muslims” tell us about principles informing decision-making?

• Intermediaries = actors who “bring together / facilitate transactions on Net” - OECD

• Can cover: ISPs, DNRs, hosting or storage providers, search engines, email & messaging providers, ecommerce & payment systems, social platforms (incl mass media UGC)…

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Shaping up

• 28 proposals received; we are considering:

– Search engines

– Social media networks

– ISPs

– Domain name suspensions and takedowns

– Social curation algorithms in online news

• Advisory committee, and Partners

• Result: Recommendations on policies and practices

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3. Ethical Dimensions of

Inclusive Knowledge Societies

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Ethics

• Work on info-ethics started in the mid-90s

• Three international congresses led to the adoption of the UNESCO “Recommendations concerning the Promotion and Use of Multilingualism and Universal Access to Cyberspace”

• WSIS 2005 entrusted UNESCO with the coordination of the implementation of Action line C10 on ethics of the information society alongside with Action line C9 on media

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Ethics (cont.)

• IFAP Council presented IFAP Code of Ethics of the Information Society to the UNESCO General Conference in 2011

• UNESCO and the ethical dimensions of the information society was discussed at the 190th Executive Board session in 2012

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Ethics (cont.)

• Action plan in 4 areas:

– Building multi-stakeholder partnerships to raise awareness and strengthen action in this area

– Contribute to the international debate on the ethical dimensions of access to, and use of information

– Supporting capacity-building at national level

– Research

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Ethics (cont.)

Other relevant documents: • Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage (32C/28)

• Reflection and Analysis by UNESCO on the Internet (36C/54, 186 EX/Decision 37)

• 190th Executive Board decision on UNESCO and the ethical dimensions of the information society (190EX/Decision 5/ Part III)

• Status of Press Freedom and Safety of Journalists (37C/INF.4) (summary of report on World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development

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Ethics (cont.)

• 19nd Executive Board examined item: Ethics and privacy in cyberspace

• Contains proposal to start elaboration of non-binding normative instrument

• 37th General Conference will examine this proposal under item “Internet related issues: including access to information and knowledge, freedom of expression, privacy and ethical dimensions of the information society”

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4. Digital Preservation

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Digital Preservation

• 2012 Vancouver conference “Memory of the World in the Digital Age”

• Vancouver declaration and call for the roadmap

• The Hague Digital roadmap meeting

– 5-6 December 2013

– Draft Roadmap developed

• 37 General Conference on strengthening of the Memory of the World program

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5. Media and Information Literacy framework

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Global MIL Assessment Framework: Country Readiness and Competencies

Ms Irmgarda Kasinskaite-Buddeberg Knowledge Societies Division, Communication and Information Sector UNESCO Headquarters, Paris

Click to edit Master title style

From illiteracy 2 digital and knowledge divide

Individual level

Community

level

Societal level

Core MIL competencies towards transliteracy/multiple

ICT

literacy

Other

types

of

literacies

Information

Culture

Context

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Professiona level

Information

literacy

Digital

literacy

Civic

education

New literacy framework

Financial

literacy

Internet

literacy

Media

literacy

Cyber

security

Media and Information

Literacy

Information Literacy

Media literacy

Digital literacy

Library literacy

News literacy

Cultural diversity

Basic literacy

Internet literacy-security

Other types of literacy

Media and Information Literacy (MIL) is defined as a set of competencies that empowers citizens to access, retrieve, understand, evaluate, create, use and share information in any format, using various tools such as ICTs, in a critical, ethical and effective way, in order to contribute, participate and engage in personal, professional and societal activities. MIL empowers people to exercise their universal rights and fundamental freedoms: freedom of expression and access to information.

Rational for the development of UNESCO Global MIL Assessment Framework

“Too often, development efforts have been hampered by a lack of the most basic data about the social and economic circumstances in which people live... Stronger monitoring and evaluation at all levels, and in all processes of development (from planning to implementation) will help guide decision making, update priorities and ensure accountability.”

Post 2015 Development Agenda. Bali Communiqué of the High Level Panel, March 2013.

MIL country readiness and competencies?

Tier 1 : MIL Country Readiness

assessment of a level of country’s

readiness to uptake MIL initiatives

Tier 2 : MIL Competency Assessment

(skills, knowledge, attitudes) – individual competencies

of teacher in service and in training / any citizen

in formal and non-formal education system

Six categories to assess enabling

environment:

1. Media and information education

2. MIL policy

3. Media and information supply

4. Media and information access and use

5. Civil society

Competency component 1: Access - Retrieval

of Media and Information

Competency component 2: Understanding and

Evaluation of Media and Information

Competency component 3: Use - Create –

Communicate Media and Information

MIL Country Readiness and Key Competencies

Proficiency level

Definition

and articulation

Search

and location Access Retrieval and

storage

Advanced

Intermediate

Basic

Competence

MIL mention

MIL person

is able to determine

and articulate

the nature,

role and scope

of information

and media content

through a variety

of resources

MIL person

is able to search

and locate

information

and

media content.

MIL person

is able to access

needed information

and media content

effectively,

efficiently and

ethically as well as

media and

information

providers.

MIL person

is able retrieve and

temporally hold

information and

media content

using a variety of

methods and tools.

13 performance

criterion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

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8 performance

criterion

9 performance

criterion

7 performance

criterion

Profile Example (competencies):

Access and Retrieval of Information and Media Content

Note: 3 MIL components include 114 performance criteria, three levels of proficiency: multiple-latent trait method.

Computer Adaptive Testing

Online Semi online

For large data sets

Paper & Pencil Test Mixed test

Cost of Design and

Development

Off-line

For small data sets

Administration

and analysis costs

Design costs

Delivery method

Data processing and editing

Data analysis, dissemination and archiving

MIL Assessment Framework - national adaptation

How MIL is promoted

as an international literacy framework

Recommen-dations

Declarations

Proclamation

Strategy(s)

Strategic policy framework(s)

Actions

Programmes and projects

Research

Advocacy, cooperation

Tools, resources and

services

Capacity building

Networks, partnerships and support

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Understanding Information Literacy – A Primer 2008

Towards IL Indicators, 2008

Towards MIL Indicators, 2010

MIL Curriculum for Teachers 2011

Information Literacy Worldwide Resources 2013

Online course on MIL and Intercultural Dialogue – in process

Global MIL Assessment Framework 2013 – To be published

MIL Policy & Strategy Guidelines 2013 – To be published

WSIS Online Community – Information Literacy

University Network on Media and Information Literacy and Intercultural Dialogue

International events: Fez 2011, Moscow 2012, Abuja 2013

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Dr. Irmgarda Kasinskaite-Buddeberg, Programme Specialist, Knowledge Societies, Communication & Information Sector, UNESCO

[email protected]

Mr Alton Grizzle, Programme Specialist, Freedom of Expression & Media, Communication & Information Sector, UNESCO

[email protected]

www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-development/media-literacy/mil-as-composite-concept/

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/media-development/media-literacy/mil-as-composite-concept/



















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