FISITA  

UNECE  LEGISLATIVE  ROAD  MAP    

WORLDWIDE  HARMONIZED  REGULATION  

   Bernard  Gauvin  Chairman  of  WP  29  

   

30/09/2014  Bernard  GAUVIN   1  

FISITA  

WP  29  WORLD  FORUM  FOR  HARMONIZATION  OF  VEHICLE  REGULATIONS  

§  Permanent working party within the UN organization

§  6 permanent groups of specialized experts Ø  Flexible creation of ad hoc groups

§  Uses best available scientific and engineering expertise

§  Administers two globally opened regulatory agreements

Participants to WP29

§  Governments contracting parties to an agreement administered by WP 29

§  Observers governements

§  NGO with UN consultative status : Ø  Industries

Ø  Motorists

Ø  Consumers

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FISITA  

OPERATION  OF  WP29  

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Administrative Committee

AC2

WP 29 Permanent groups

of specialized experts GRs

Ad hoc groups with specific

termes of reference

Administrative Committee of the 1958 Agreement

AC 1 Vote

Administrative Committee of the 1958 Agreement

AC 3 Vote

UN regulations UN gtrs

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7 7

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5 4

3

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1958    AGREEMENT  §  Complete regulations

Ø  technical specifications

Ø  Type approvals procedure

Ø  COP

§  Decision by 2/3 majority (only negative votes count)

§  CP decide if they adopt or not any regulation

§  Adopt means Ø  Introduce the UN regulation in the national systems (optional or mandatory)

Ø  Accept type approvals granted by CP adopting the regulation

Ø  Grant type approvals

Ø  Vote for future amendments

§  132 regulations annexed to the agreement (frequent and flexible adaptation to technical progress)

§  Influence of the 1958 agreement Ø  Through CPs : ≈ 50 , growing every year

Ø  Through unilateral adoption of regulations, including former versions (ex : EURO 1 to 6…)

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FISITA  

1998    AGREEMENT  §  GTRs : technical provisions, no administrative procedures

§  Decision by unanimous consent of CPs present and voting

§  CPs not voting è no committment

§  CPs voting è submit the GTR to national procedure of ratification Ø  No binding committment

Ø  Report yearly on implementation to WP29

§  CPs to both agreement Ø  Transpose the GTR in a 1958 Agreement regulation

§  15 GTRs established in the global registry

30/09/2014   5  Bernard  GAUVIN  

FISITA  

CURRENT  EMISSIONS  REGULATION  «Euro6» : 715/2007*136/2014 è ECE R83, R101, R24, R103 et R85

§  Type I : Tailpipe emissions at 20-30°C + CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, electric energy consumption and electric range

§  Type II : Idle emissions

§  Type III : Crankcase emissions

§  Type IV : Evaporative emissions

§  Type V : Durability 160 000 km

§  Type VI : Low temperature tailpipe emissions at -7°C

§  In-service conformity

§  OBD : On-board diagnostics

§  Smoke opacity of the engine

§  Engine power

Ø  Application dates : o  M + N1 cl1 è New Type : 01/09/2014 o  M + N1 cl1 è All Type : 01/09/2015

o  N1 cl2-cl3 è New Type : 01/09/2018

o  N1 cl2-cl3 è All Type : 01/09/2019

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CO2  REGULATION  •  EC Regulation 443/2009 for Passenger Cars:

Ø  130g CO2/km in 2015

Ø  95g CO2/km in 2021

•  EC Regulation 510/2011 for Light Commercial Vehicles:

Ø  175g CO2/km in 2017

Ø  147g CO2/km in 2020

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Current measurements on NEDC cycle

CO2 correlation exercise between NEDC and WLTP ongoing

FISITA  

WLTC  §  4 individual sections : low/medium/high/extra-high

§  Sequence of idles and short trips

§  Total duration: 1800 s

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FISITA  

WLTC  VS  NEDC  NEDC  (4ECE+EUDC)   WLTC  v5  

Total  dura*on  (s)   1180   1800  

Total  distance  (km)   11,03   23,26  

Average  speed  (km/h)   33,6   46,5  

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Accelera'on  (m/s2)  and  speed  profiles  (km/h)  

WLTC  NEDC  

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WLTP  NEXT  STEPS  

§  Phase 1 (2014…) : completion of first draft of GTR adopted (March 2014)

§  Phase 2 (2016…) : low temperature; high altitude test procedure; durability; in-service conformity; On board diagnostics (OBD); mobile air conditionning (MAC) system energy efficiency; off-cycle/real driving emissions

§  Phase 3 (2018…) : emission limit values and OBD threshold limits; definition of reference fuels; …

30/09/2014   10  Bernard  GAUVIN  

FISITA  

3  WAYS  TOWARDS  GREENER  MOBILITY  1)  Reduce car use

Ø  Less mobility demands ( organization of work and housing) Ø  Mobility without motor vehicle Ø  PSVs, carpooling, traffic management, …

2)  Reduce energy demand Ø  Weight Ø  Rolling resistance Ø  Aerodynamic drag

3)  Greener power

3 categories of vehicles are likely to coexist in the next 30-50 years

Ø  Improved ICE (including alternative fuels and biofuels)

Ø  Electric vehicles (battery and fuel cell)

Ø  Hybrids and plug in hybrids

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ELECTRIC  VEHICLE  (1)  §  Ultimate ZEV è ideal for urban and suburban use

§  No dependance of fossil fuels Ø  Unanimous governmental support

Ø  Ambitious regulatory program decided by WP29

§  Safety aspects of the WP29 program Ø  In use

o  Protection against electrical shock

o  Requirements for conductive and inductive charging

o  Requirements for RESS risks

Ø  Crash o  Protection against electrical shock

o  RESS crashworthiness

o  RESS safety assessment

§  Noise issue (safety for the blinds)

§  Electro Magnetic Compatibility

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ELECTRIC  VEHICLE  (2)  

§  Environmental Aspect

§  Preparation of an EV regulatory reference guide

§  Items to be included in a GTR

§  Vehicle range and energy consumption testing Ø  Vehicle range and energy consumption testing

Ø  Method of stating energy consumption

Ø  Battery performance and durability

Ø  Battery recycling

§  Controversy over a standardized method of calculating GHG emission associated to electric vehicles

(extremely different national and regional situations)

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PLUG  IN  HYBRID  VEHICLE  §  Takes the best of both motorization

Ø  Electric mobility for urban and suburban use

Ø  Hybrid for long distance

§  No demand for a dedicated charging infrastructure

§  No limitation of vehicle range

§  French mobility survey

Ø  83 % of trips < 20 km

§  Possible fuel economy for commuters : 60 to 70 %

30/09/2014   14  Bernard  GAUVIN  

FISITA  

ROAD  MAP  TO  GREENER  POWERING  §  Greener powering è more expensive cars

Ø  Fuel savings do not compensate the extra cost

§  Consumer cost minded, not emissions minded Ø  Need to compensate, one way or the other, the extra cost

§  Role of WP29 Ø  Swift adaptation of regulations to innovation

Ø  Cost effective regulations

§  National governments : promote greener powering through fiscal, administrative and regulatory incentives

§  National road maps depend on energy and industrial strategies

§  Previsions of development of greener powering (French AT, report sept 2012) Ø  Moderate progression of EVs in the next years

Ø  EU market 2030 : o  ≤ 10 % Evs

o  15 to 20 % PHVs

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