understanding tv and film industries - luigi

7/31/2019 Understanding TV and Film Industries - Luigi

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Understanding TV and

Film Industries

By Luigi Kongo


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OWNERSHIP


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The term ownership refers to when an individual ormany individuals have control over a large proportionof assets. This person would delegate orders to otherdirectors in the hierarchy who would then have their

own selective few people to delegate orders to etc.

An example of this would be Sony Corporation whowas founded by Akio Morita and Masaru Ibukahowever there is no single owner as ownership is

distributed between the shareholders.

There are many forms of ownership companies whoeach have their own aim of objectives. They are:


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Global Global industries are companies who ownassets all around the world. Another example wouldbe Newscorp International. They own multiple assets

of media such as TV channels and Newspapers likeSKY, The Sun, NewYork Post.

Corporate A media corporation industries arecompanies that are made up of several othercompanies that have merged together. An example

of this is:


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Commercial Commercial industries arecompanies that are designed to make money.They each have different aims and objectives but

ultimately they are running to make a profit.Examples of media commercial companies areSky, virgin and BT.

Monopoly A media monopoly refers to whenone company owns multiple assets from different

businesses. Examples of media monopolies areNewscorp international. They own assets fromthe sun, sky, 20th century fox, itv, new york postand more.


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Vertical Integrated a vertical integrated industryrefers to a company which owns every step in aproduct change. This usually covers from thegathering of raw materials to the distribution of thefinal product. An example of a vertical integratedcompany would be Richard Bransons VirginRecords.

Horizontal Integrated a vertical integrated industry

refers to a company which owns several steps in theproduction change. The bbc and itv is a classicexample of a horizontal integrated company due tothe fact that they own multiple tv channels like bbcone,two,three,four cbbc, ceebebies, bbc news, itv

1,2,3,4.


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Public Service a public service industry is a companydesigned to improve the life of the public. They do notnecessarily run to make a profit. Examples of media public

service industries are bbc News and weight watchers who runin order to help the people of the community improve theirlifestyle.

Independent companies An independent company refers to

a business which has been set up by 2-3 getting together andsharing ideas. These businesses are not controlled by anyoneelse. An example of an independent media company is warpfilms.


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Private companies - A private company refersto a company that is owned by just one person.There are no shares involved , meaning anindividual cannot decide to purchase shares inthe business and have a certain percentage ofownership.


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FUNDING


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Product Placement Product placement refers tomedia industries that pay other companies to usecertain assets. An example of this would be paying

James Bond to appear in a film whilst drinking aspecific brand of wine.

Advertising Advertising is similar to productplacement as media industries would use this in

order to raise a lot of money. For example having acelebrity like James Bond appearing in a film whilstdriving an Aston Martin. It is an effective method ofadvertising as people will notice it.


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Private Capital The term private capital whenreferring to media funding is when people invest ona certain thing hoping to get money back. An

example of this would be Apax Partners, they are abusiness who provide funds as investments.

Licence Fee - An example of a Licence fee is TVLicence Fee. If an individual(s) own a TV in their

house then they must pay a fee in order to legallyuse it. The money collected from the Licence Feeis used to pay for everything at the bbc such aswages.


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Subscription The term subscription when referring tomedia industries is when you pay for membership for aselective period of time. You subscribe to the company

that gives you the thing. An example of this would beSky. When you subscribe with sky, you are grantedaccess to use a large amount of TV channels on aSkybox.

Pay-per-view The term pay per view when referring tomedia industries is when you pay for something ondemand. You (in a sense) pay for something when youwant it. An example of this would also be Sky due to thefact that you can go on one of their movie channels andyou could pay for a movie that was going to appear at acertain time.


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Sponsorship The term sponsorship when referring to mediaindustries is when a company supports another industry forcommercial purposes however its primary objective is to increase

awareness. This is usually done through a paid fee and with anexpectation of a commercial return.An example of sponsorship would be the TV programmecoronation street. At every break it says sponsored by Harvey's.

Financial Aid The term financial aid when referring to mediaindustries is when a company requests funding from anorganisation like the government or charities. An example of thiswould be The Harvard Crimson. They are an organisation whoprovide funding for Television shows.


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Development Fund The term development fund when referringto media industries is when a company requests permission fromthe local government in order to promote the area. An example of

this would be the OMDC Film Fund. They provide funding in orderto increase the level of indigenous films in Ontario.


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OWNERSHIP & FUNDINGISSUES


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When companies become very big and popular there are certainthings that could cause problems for the media industry.One of the many issues that can occur is media

dominance/monopolies. With media dominance there is apotential for corruption in big industries. An example of this wouldbe news bias. In the past fox news had announced that GeorgeBush had won the elections before the votes had been counted.By doing so this information spread to every other news agency

and thus they all agreed and everyone was lead to believe thatGeorge Bush had one the election. The problem with mediadominance is that they can dictate what a lot of people think asthere is a potential for one person to push a political message.


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Grossly inflated budgets Product placement and sponsorship isanother concern with media industries. It has come to the pointwhere the large budgets are being spent to see a series of

advertisements rather than the actual film. This is because manycompanies are focusing on spending money to have celebrities inpossession of a particular brand or make of something in a film.As a result its controversial and can negatively effect the wayyoung people think about TV.

Digital technology is another concern with media industries as it ischanging the way media is owned. It democratises mediaproduction due to the fact that anyone nowadays can becomemedia producers without spending hardly any money. This isbecause you can record footage on your mobile phone, upload itto YouTube and then people will be able to watch your video.There is also a chance of you becoming famous in the process.


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Piracy is also a very big issue with media industries. Instead ofpeople buying the official version e.g a dvd, they would buy thepirated version. Although this doesnt effect the big industries as

they are making a large amount of money, it has a large impact onthe small video producers as they are not making large amountsof money and are relying on the sales. In the end it will not beeconomically worth selling the official versions because peopleare downloading it online. There is a chance that this will lead to

bland TV and films as only the big companies would be able toproduce films and therefore the same type of films would becoming out all the time.


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Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonyhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_owns_Sony_Corporation

http://www.answers.com/topic/vertical-integration

http://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-vertically-integrated-companies-12868.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/tv/guidehttp://www.apax.com/inside-apax/our-company/our-history.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2010/10/12/television-shows-board-show/http://www.omdc.on.ca/Page3209.aspx
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