understanding the role of emotions in risk taking health behaviors
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Understanding the Role of Emotions in Risk Taking Health Behaviors. Tamika Zapolski, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis. Impulsivity . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Understanding the Role of
Emotions in Risk Taking Health
BehaviorsTamika Zapolski, Ph.D.
Department of PsychologyIndiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis
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Impulsivity • The broad trait of impulsivity has been used over
the years to explain engagement in various risk processes, including substance abuse
• Many definitions of impulsivityo Distractibility o Short attention spano Sensation seekingo Susceptibility to boredomo Acting without thinkingo Emotionally triggered rash action
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5 Dimensions of Impulsivity
• Researchers have identified 5 specific dispositions to rash action (Cyders & Smith, 2007, 2008; Whiteside & Lynam, 2001)o Sensation Seekingo Low Conscientiousness
• Lack of Planning• Lack of Perseverance
o Urgency• Positive Urgency• Negative Urgency
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Sensation Seeking• Tendency to seek out novel or thrilling stimulation
• Predicts involvement in highly stimulating risky behavioro Riding roller coasterso Jumping out of treeso Bungee jumpingo Parachutingo Number of sexual partners
• Predicts frequency of behaviors o Alcohol useo Gambling
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Lack of Planning & Perseverance
• Tendency to act without forethought• Failure to tolerate boredom or retain focus
• Predicts academic performance
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Positive and Negative Urgency
• Emotion-based risk taking• Tendency to engage in rash action due to the
experience of intense mood states
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Maladaptive Behaviors• Aggressive behavior• Suicide attempts• Problem drinking• High quantity drinking• Risky sexual behavior
• Binge eating• Drug use• Smoking• Sexting• Gambling
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Interventions• Highly stimulating media messages suggesting
alternatives• Bank of safe, stimulating activities
Sensation Seeking
• Cognitive mediation trainingLack of
Planning• CBT (and medication)• Gauge attend span and distractibility
• Modify environment• Reduce procrastination and increase follow-
through
Lack of Perseveran
ce
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Positive Urgency Interventions
Identify safer alternatives
Identify warning signs Develop reminder cues of LT goals• Condom use (Dal Cin et al., 2006)
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Dal Cin et al (2006)• 196 into psychology
students• 3 intervention groups
o Standard safe sexo Safe-sex with reminder
braceleto Drinking & driving (control)
• Follow-up session (5-7 weeks later) on condom use
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Negative Urgency Interventions
Emotion Regulation-identifying and managing
emotional reactions
Distress Tolerance-learning how to accept and
tolerate distress
Interpersonal Effectiveness-asserting needs and managing
conflict
Mindfulness-learning to observe and
describe emotions without judgment
Dialectical Behavior Therapy(Linehan, 1993)
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Summary• Many disorders or “problem” behaviors that include
aspects of impulsive behavior• We have been able to identify two specific impulsivity-
like personality traits that influence involvement in risky behaviors
• Positive Urgency:o Awareness of risk & Cues to combat behavior
• Negative Urgency:o Awareness of risko Specific emotion based intervention (DBT skills)
• Emotion Regulation• Distress Tolerance• Interpersonal Effectiveness• Mindfulness