understanding the fundamentals of business and economics
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Understanding the Fundamentals of Business and Economics. Why Study Business?. Learn what it takes to run a business Build business vocabulary Develop workplace skills Learn about a variety of jobs Appreciate today’s business career. What Is a Business?. For-Profit Money motive - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 1
Understanding the Understanding the Fundamentals of Fundamentals of
Business and EconomicsBusiness and Economics
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 2
Why Study Business?Why Study Business?• Learn what it takes to run a businessLearn what it takes to run a business
• Build business vocabularyBuild business vocabulary
• Develop workplace skillsDevelop workplace skills
• Learn about a variety of jobsLearn about a variety of jobs
• Appreciate today’s business careerAppreciate today’s business career
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 3
What Is a Business?What Is a Business?
• For-Profit–Money motive
• Not-for-profit– Social service
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 4
Categories of BusinessCategories of Business
• Producing goods– Capital intensive
• Providing services– Labor intensive
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 5
Growth in Growth in the Service Sectorthe Service Sector
• Manufacturing• Construction• Agriculture• Mining
• Wholesale and retail• Transportation and
utilities• Finance and insurance• Other services
Goods-Producing Sector
Service-Producing Sector
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 6
Why Is the Why Is the Service Sector Service Sector
Growing?Growing?• More disposable income
• Changing demographics and lifestyles
• Complex goods and technologies
• Need for professional advice
• Low barriers to entry
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 7
What Is an Economic What Is an Economic System?System?
• Five production factors– Human resources– Capital– Entrepreneurs– Knowledge– Natural resources
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 8
The New EconomyThe New EconomyGeneral
Characteristics•Physical Assets•Cost Control
•Intellectual Assets•Adding Value
Technology •Mechanical •Information
Workforce •Job-Specific Skills•Transferable Skills•Lifelong Learning
Geography •Close to Resources•Near to Collaborators •Near to Competitors
Capital •Debt Financing •Venture Capital
New EconomyOld Economy
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 9
Types of Economic Types of Economic SystemsSystems
• Free-market system– Capitalism–Mixed capitalism
• Planned system– Socialism– Communism
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 10
How Does a Free-Market How Does a Free-Market System Work?System Work?
• Supply and demand• Competition• Government intervention
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 11
Effects of Higher Airfare on Effects of Higher Airfare on DemandDemand
• Increase use of corporate or chartered aircraft• Reduce attendance at conventions and conferences• Use alternative airports• Reduce number of employees traveling• Reduce number of domestic trips• Increase Saturday-night stayovers• Promote teleconferencing and videoconferencing
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 12
Supply and Demand Supply and Demand RelationshipRelationship
• High price reduces demand• Low price reduces supply• Right price balances supply and
demand
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 13
Free-Market CompetitionFree-Market Competition
• Pure competition• Monopoly• Oligopoly• Monopolistic competition
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 14
Competitive AdvantageCompetitive Advantage
• Price• Speed• Quality• Service• Innovation
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 15
The Role of The Role of GovernmentGovernment
• Foster competitionFoster competition• Regulate industriesRegulate industries• Deregulate industriesDeregulate industries• Protect stakeholder’s rightsProtect stakeholder’s rights• Contribute to economic stabilityContribute to economic stability
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 16
Fostering CompetitionFostering Competition
• Antitrust legislation• Mergers and acquisitions
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 17
Regulating and Regulating and Deregulating IndustriesDeregulating Industries• Fair competition• Business ethics• Working conditions• Public safety
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 18
Protecting StakeholdersProtecting Stakeholders• Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• Equal Opportunity Employment Commission
(EEOC)• Federal Communications Commission (FCC)• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)• Federal Energy Regulation Commission (FERC)
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 19
Protecting StakeholdersProtecting Stakeholders• Federal Highway Administration (FHA)• Federal Trade Commission (FTC)• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)• Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 20
Contributing to Economic Contributing to Economic StabilityStability
• Business cycle– Economic expansion– Economic contraction
• Fiscal policy– Revenue and spending
• Monetary policy– Interest rates
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 21
The FED and Money The FED and Money SupplySupply
• Reserve requirements• Discount rate• Open-market operations• Selective credit controls
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 22
Fiscal Policy: RevenuesFiscal Policy: Revenues
• Income taxes• Real property taxes• Sales taxes• Excise taxes• Payroll taxes
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 23
Fiscal Policy: Fiscal Policy: ExpendituresExpenditures
• Increasing purchases• Creating new programs
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 24
Monitoring Economic Monitoring Economic PerformancePerformance
• Interest rates• Housing starts• Unemployment statistics• Durable-goods orders
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 25
Measuring Price ChangesMeasuring Price Changes
• Consumer Price Index• Purchasing power– Inflation– Deflation
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 26
Measuring National Measuring National OutputOutput
Gross NationalGross NationalProduct (GNP)Product (GNP)
Gross DomesticGross DomesticProduct (GDP)Product (GDP)Dollar ValueDollar Value
YesYesYesYesFinal Goods Final Goods and Servicesand Services
YesYesYesYesDomestic BusinessesDomestic Businesses
NoNoYesYesForeign-Owned Foreign-Owned BusinessesBusinesses
YesYesNoNoOverseas OperationsOverseas Operations
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© Prentice Hall, 2005 Business In Action 3e Chapter 1 - 27
Challenges of Challenges of GlobalizationGlobalization
• Products and servicesProducts and services
• Managing a small businessManaging a small business
• Globalization and workforce diversityGlobalization and workforce diversity
• Ethics and social responsibilityEthics and social responsibility
• Technology and electronic commerceTechnology and electronic commerce