understanding personality & emotional intelligence connections
TRANSCRIPT
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Understanding Personality & Emotional Intelligence
Connections
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Welcome
Cris Wildermuth, EdD, SPHR
Assistant Professor
Adult Learning &
Organizational Performance
Drake University
www.drake.edu/alop
www.criswildermuth.com
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Caryn C. Lee
Managing Director, CentACS,
Center for Applied Cognitive Studies
www.centacs.com
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The Kitchen Table
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HRCI Information?
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Another HAT?
Master Trainer,
WorkPlace Big Five Profile
Center for Applied Cognitive
Studies (CentACS)
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Thank you to our SPONSOR…
visit www.centacs.com to find out more
Write us at
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Tell us about your EI
experience
• Choose the best option! • None: I’m a newbie
• I have completed an EI assessment OR read a book on EI
• I coordinate EI processes at my organization
• I do considerable EI work (as a researcher, facilitator, or HR professional)
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FACT or FICTION?
• Indicate if the statements
that follow are FACT or
FICTION
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FACT or FICTION?
• Most high level executives
have strong EI.
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FICTION
• Executives in areas that
do not specifically require
EI are not significantly
higher in EI than others
(Mayer, Salovey &
Caruso, 2004)
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FACT or FICTION?
• EI can be measured by a
person’s levels of self
confidence, adaptability,
optimism, and interest in
serving others
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UNSURE
• That depends on the model of
EI you use.
• The most respected definition
of EI (Mayer, Salovey, &
Caruso, 2004) does not include
any of those characteristics.
• Commonly used measurements
of EI, however, do relate to
personality traits
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FACT or FICTION?
• Organizations should
include an EI measurement
test as part of their
selection procedures.
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FICTION
• EI research is simply not
advanced enough – use in
selection could be
dangerous.
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• What is EI?
• 3 models of EI
• Critique of EI
• Results of our study
on EI and
personality
• Can EI be trained?
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• the ability to learn
or understand from
experience
• intelligent = quick
to learn
D. Guralnik, Webster’s New World Dictionary, 1969
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• “Mental self-management” (Robert Sternberg)
Source: Pierce Howard
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• strong, generalized
feeling (from e – out;
movere = to move)
• has to do with
expression
D. Guralnik, Webster’s New World Dictionary, 1969
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“cooperative combination of intelligence and emotion”
Mayer & Salovey, 2004
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Verbal intelligence = processing words & text
Verbal intelligence = words and text
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Verbal intelligence = processing words & text
Mathematical Intelligence = numbers
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Verbal intelligence = processing words & text
Emotional Intelligence = emotions
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What is EI?
• “ability to monitor one's own and other's
feelings and emotions, to discriminate among
them and to use this information to guide one's
thinking and actions”
Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2004
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Learned early in life
Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2004
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Improved through development
Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2004
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Tied to evolutionary needs
Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2004
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The Mayer/Salovy/Caruso Model
Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2004
PERCEPTION UNDERSTANDING
THOUGHT FACILITATION
EMOTION MANAGEMENT
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Perception
• Ability to recognize
emotions in others’ facial
& postural expressions.
• How do I feel?
• How does the other person
feel?
Mayer, Salovey & Caruso, 2004
PERCEPTION UNDERSTANDI
NG
THOUGHT FACILITATION
EMOTION MANAGEMENT
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Understanding
• Understanding complex emotions
• Understanding how emotions transition from one state to the other
• What emotions are involved?
• How will I feel afterwards?
Mayer, Salovey & Caruso, 2004
PERCEPTION UNDERSTANDI
NG
THOUGHT FACILITATION
EMOTION MANAGEMENT
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Thought Facilitation
• Ability to choose the most helpful emotion.
• Is this mood helpful to solve this problem?
• Does it focus my attention on the issue?
• Does it motivate me?
• Does it blind me?
Mayer, Salovey & Caruso, 2004
PERCEPTION UNDERSTANDI
NG
THOUGHT FACILITATION
EMOTION MANAGEMENT
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Management
• Ability to manage emotions in
self and others
• How can I control my emotions to
reach a desired outcome?
• How can I manage others’
emotions?
David Caruso’s webpage, www.emotionaliq.org
PERCEPTION UNDERSTANDI
NG
THOUGHT FACILITATION
EMOTION MANAGEMENT
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Strengths
• On which of these are you strongest?
• Perception of emotions
• Understanding the complexity of emotions
• Use of emotions to facilitate thought
• Managing emotions of self and others
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With which model were you MOST
familiar before today?
• Goleman
• Bar-On
• Mayer, Salovey & Caruso
• Other
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The EI Debate: Abilities
PERCEPTION
Ability to perceive
emotion
UNDERSTANDING
Ability to analyze
own and others’ emotions
THOUGHT FACILITATION
Ability to use
emotions to
facilitate thought
EMOTION MANAGEMENT
Ability to manage
emotions
Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2004
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The EI Debate: Goleman
SELF-AWARENESS
• Emotional self-awareness
• Accurate self-assessment
• Self-confidence
SOCIAL AWARENESS
• Empathy
• Organizational awareness
• Service
SELF-MANAGEMENT
• Self-control
• Transparency (integrity)
• Adaptability
• Achievement (drive)
• Initiative and optimism
RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT
• Inspirational leadership
• Influence
• Developing others
• Conflict management
• Building bonds, teamwork
Goleman, Boyatzis, & McKee, 2002
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Bar-On The Bar-On model describes EI as a cross-section of interrelated emotional and social
competencies, skills and facilitators that impact intelligent behavior. – Encyclopedia
of Applied Psychology
Bar-On Model Composite Scales EI Competencies
Intrapersonal Social Awareness and Self Expression
Interpersonal Social Awareness and Interpersonal
Relationship
Stress Management Emotional Management and Regulation
Adaptability Change Management
General Mood Self Motivation
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Your experiences…
• What experiences (good
or bad, praises or
critiques) can you share
around EI?
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Overpromising EI / undervaluing EQ
“What we know about Emotional Intelligence,” Zeidner, Matthews, & Roberts, 2009
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“Research does not show any
downside to academic intelligence;
if anything, on average, high IQ
individuals are a little better
adjusted than those lower in IQ”
Zeidner, Matthews, & Roberts, 2009, loc 323
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“A laundry list of desirable qualities?
“What we know about Emotional Intelligence,” Zeidner, Matthews, & Roberts, 2009
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The tests are too subjective, the results
depend on culture and beliefs
Mayers, Steve Hein’s website, www.eqi.org
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The EI Debate: Example
• I feel weird when I hug someone other than my
close family:
Very true
Mostly true
Somewhat true
Mostly not true
Not true at all
From a test found at http://www.queendom.com
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The tests are too easy to fake
Mayers, Steve Hein’s website, www.eqi.org
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EI is a competency – competencies shouldn’t
be measured through self report tests
Pierce Howard
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People’s assessments of their own
competencies correlate weakly with
assessments made by others
“What we know about Emotional Intelligence,” Zeidner, Matthews, & Roberts, 2009
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“What we know about Emotional Intelligence,” Zeidner, Matthews, & Roberts, 2009
94% of college professors say their work is
above average.
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“What we know about Emotional Intelligence,” Zeidner, Matthews, & Roberts, 2009
Is it reasonable to expect someone with LOW
emotional intelligence to be aware of his/her
weakness?
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“What we know about Emotional Intelligence,” Zeidner, Matthews, & Roberts, 2009
Bottom 25% of college students believe their
performance is above average
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The constructs correlate with
personality measures
McCrae, 2000
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What is EI?
• A standard trait profile, optimistic, calm, and
outgoing by nature, that sees itself as capable
in most interpersonal situations, and
• A set of competencies (combinations of traits,
mental abilities, memories, values, etc.) best
measured NOT by self-report, but by other
raters.
Source: Pierce Howard
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SELF-AWARENESS
• Emotional self-awareness
• Accurate self-assessment
• Self-confidence
SOCIAL AWARENESS
• Empathy
• Organizational awareness
• Service
SELF-MANAGEMENT
• Self-control
• Transparency (integrity)
• Adaptability
• Achievement (drive)
• Initiative and optimism
RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT
• Inspirational leadership
• Influence
• Developing others
• Conflict management
• Building bonds, teamwork
Goleman, Boyatzis, & McKee, 2002
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Goleman & Personality
• Sample of 190
• Took the WorkPlace and answered questions
based on the Goleman model (developed by
Pierce Howard)
Source: Pierce Howard
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What personality traits matter?
• Need for stability,
Extraversion,
Accommodation
• Need for stability,
Extraversion, Originality
• Originality, Consolidation
• All five traits
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Source: Pierce Howard
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Source: Pierce Howard
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Source: Pierce Howard
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Source: Pierce Howard
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Source: Pierce Howard
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Source: Pierce Howard
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Source: Pierce Howard
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• Low Need for Stability, low worry, intensity and rebound time
• High Extraversion, high sociability, activity mode and trust, very high tact
• High Originality, high imagination, complexity, and change
• Low reserve
• High perfectionism
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The Bar-On Model & Personality The Bar-On model describes EI as a cross-section of interrelated emotional and social
competencies, skills and facilitators that impact intelligent behavior. – Encyclopedia
of Applied Psychology
Bar-On Model Composite Scales EI Competencies
Intrapersonal Social Awareness and Self Expression
Interpersonal Social Awareness and Interpersonal
Relationship
Stress Management Emotional Management and Regulation
Adaptability Change Management
General Mood Self Motivation
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Now, the Bar-On
• Data set contributed by Performance Partners,
Williamsville, NY.
• Sample of 111
• Took the WorkPlace and the Bar On EQ-I
Source: Pierce Howard
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Source: Pierce Howard
Bar-On is measuring:
Note: All 21 Bar-On scales load strongly and in the same “direction”, this points to a
lack of discriminant validity, i.e. all 21 are measuring the same thing in terms of traits
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Modest positive correlation with
Originality, problem solving orientation?
Source: Pierce Howard
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Modest negative correlations with
Accommodation
Source: Pierce Howard
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Happier people lower in
Accommodation
Source: Pierce Howard
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Intrapersonal (positive, expressive self-concept)
EQ also slightly lower in Accommodation
Source: Pierce Howard
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Source: Pierce Howard
Of the five“composite scales”:
• Stress Management = Adaptability (N--E++O+C++)
• Intrapersonal = General Mood (N--E++O+A-C++)
• Interpersonal (N--E++C++)
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Intrapersonal: (high self esteem) sociable, proud,
assertive, ambitious
Source: Pierce Howard
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Interpersonal: (social skills) sociable (duh!), concentrating
(listening?)
Source: Pierce Howard
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Stress Management: (maintain self control) cool/less warm, imaginative (reframer, PSer), concentrating
Source: Pierce Howard
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Adaptability: (flexible, coping) cool, sociable, imaginative, ambitious, concentrating
Source: Pierce Howard
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General Mood: (positive mood, contentment) sociable, imaginative, assertive, ambitious
Source: Pierce Howard
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We have estimated our
EI (using the Bar-On
model) considering our
WorkPlace scores
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Source: Pierce Howard
43 = N = 65
60 = E = 59
50 = O = 66
41 = A =37
61 = C =58
Note: Estimates of Bar-On are based on all 28 WorkPlace traits. Only showing supertraits here.
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Source: Pierce Howard
Overall Average: 54 Somewhat Natural
Self-Regard 59 Natural
Emotional Self-Awareness 51 Somewhat Natural
Assertiveness 56 Natural
Independence 56 Natural
Self-Actualization 56 Natural
Empathy 48 Somewhat Natural
Social Responsibility 51 Somewhat Natural
Interpersonal Relationship 58 Natural
Reality Testing 57 Natural
Flexibility 44 Draining
Problem Solving 56 Natural
Stress Tolerance 57 Natural
Impulse Control 52 Somewhat Natural
Happiness 58 Natural
Optimism 57 Natural
Overall Average: 51 Somewhat Natural
Self-Regard 52 Somewhat Natural
Emotional Self-Awareness 63 Natural
Assertiveness 52 Somewhat Natural
Independence 42 Draining
Self-Actualization 62 Natural
Empathy 54 Somewhat Natural
Social Responsibility 48 Somewhat Natural
Interpersonal Relationship 48 Somewhat Natural
Reality Testing 55 Somewhat Natural
Flexibility 54 Somewhat Natural
Problem Solving 53 Somewhat Natural
Stress Tolerance 35 Draining
Impulse Control 42 Draining
Happiness 47 Somewhat Natural
Optimism 56 Natural
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Ability or Mixed Model?
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Can you train for EI?
• ABILITY – probably
• MIXED (involving personality) – probably not
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“Personality traits are difficult to change,
and the likelihood of changing 20 to 40
years of day to day behavioral patterns
as the result of some e-learning module
or a five-day training program seems
highly suspect.”
Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 2012
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Research still needed
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Focus on ABILITY rather than TRAIT
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Use a 360 instrument
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THANK YOU
The Center for Applied Cognitive Studies is a leader in applying the Five-Factor Model of Personality to work and educational settings. Our primary assessment, the WorkPlace Big Five Profile™ 4.0, is uniquely designed to optimize:
• Workplace Communication and Teambuilding
• Job Analysis & Selection
• Leadership Development & Succession Planning
• Executive Coaching
visit www.centacs.com to find out more
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Upcoming Big Five Certification
• Date: October 22-24
• Where: Charlotte,
North Carolina
• Contact: Ruchi Shah,
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The Strategic Side of Compensation
• Date: November 14, 2012
• Speaker: Julie Caspar
• Time: 12 pm CDT
• Register at:
http://www.theeffectivenessgroup.com/the-
strategic-side-of-compensation.html
• 1 STRATEGIC HRCI credit
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Thank you!
Cris Wildermuth, EdD, SPHR
Assistant Professor
Adult Learning & Organizational
Performance
Drake University
www.drake.edu/alop
www.criswildermuth.com
Caryn C. Lee
Managing Director, CentACS,
Center for Applied Cognitive Studies
www.centacs.com