understanding in-car smartphone usage pattern with an un-obfuscated observation
DESCRIPTION
SNU + UW iSchool Joint Workshop 2014 / Proceeding @ CHI EA '14 The spread of smartphone has enabled everyone to easily participate in information activities regardless of time and space. The interiors of cars are not an exception to this phenomenon. Many drivers use their smartphone while driving, though it is legally restricted due to safety issues. This research intends to (1) observe the information behaviors of drivers (2) classify their information activities (3) and finally induce design implications. For this purpose, we conducted user research using an in-car monitoring system observing drivers in situ (Figure 1) and a smartphone application usage tracker. After gathering and integrating the data through a multi-coding process, we were able to introduce special categories, "five sessions," explaining a smartphone usage pattern in cars particularly. Moreover, using the drivers' voice recordings, we found out drivers' specific informational needs. The results informed us of four implications that could be used in smart cars or car-related services in the future.TRANSCRIPT
Understanding in-car smartphone Usage Pattern
CHI EA 2014
SNU + UW Joint Workshop 2014
Information School, University of Washington!
Good Morning!
Welcome To
SEoul NAtional University!
I am Changhoon Oh.I am Changhoon Oh.
a third-year PHD Candidate in UXlab @ SNU UX / HCI Research Major
USER EXPERIENCE LAB
Prof. Joon Lee
• the Captain of User Experience LAB • Tried to Travel Around the World By His Yacht. • Lives in “The Gangnam” District. • Creative and Thoughtful
Research Area
User Research Information Architecture
Projects
EMR
Prototyping ToolDriver
GPS NAvigation
Artist
Book 2.0Traveler
ICT4D
Projects
EMR
Prototyping Tool
GPS NAvigation
Artist
Book 2.0Traveler
ICT4D
Driver
Understanding in-car smartphone Usage Pattern in-car smartphone Usage Pattern
CHI 2014 work-In-Progress
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS dMC UX Center
Supported by
BACKGROUND
Driving
Smartphone Offers the Same Service regardless of Users’ Context and Situation.
“AS IS” Approaches
Supporting Technically• are not sufficient to solve this problem.• cannot fully support driver’s information needs and don’t
reflect the distinctiveness or issues of driving context.
• simply legally prohibiting cannot be a fundamental solution.• providing appropriate ways of satisfying their needs should be
concerned instead.
Prohibiting Legally
“AS IS” Approaches
Supporting Technically• • insufficient to solve this problem• cannot fully support driver’s information needs and don’t
reflect the distinctiveness or issues of driving context
• simply legally prohibiting cannot be a fundamental solution.• providing appropriate ways of satisfying their needs should be
concerned instead.
Prohibiting Legally
The driver’s distinct information behavior is worth analyzing in peculiar.
We aimed to…• investigate the information behaviors of drivers based on
in-vehicle smartphone usages in situ.
• classify their information activities in a meta-level.
• induce design implications that would be helpful to smartphone services in cars or new ways of car interactions in the future.
METHODOLOGY
Real Daily Driving Trips
14 drivers in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Three days
1. An In-Car Video Recording System for quAlitative data
2. AppCatcher for Quantitative dAta
Data Gathering
50 Analyzable Trip Data
× 50
• Total: 32h 59m 58s• Average: about 40min per Trip
Data Gathering
A Trip
Data AnalysisRepetitive Coding & Ideation ProcessVideo Recording Clips
Application Usage Logs
+
Data AnalysisRepetitive Coding & Ideation Process
Application Usage Logs
Results
• A combination of elements from when a driver picks up a smartphone until he/she puts it down.
What is “Session?”
A Session
• Each sessions possess distinguishing characteristics and has sub-elements such as initiating way, application, action, interaction, duration, situation.
• The total of 139 sessions was observed.
Initiating way
Application
Action
Interaction
Duration
Etc…
Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars
Cycling Through
Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars
Coming Up With
Cycling Through
Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars
Active Pursuing
Coming Up With
Cycling Through
Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars
Active Pursuing
Coming Up With
Cycling Through
Conversing
Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars
Active Pursuing
Coming Up With
Cycling Through
Conversing
Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars
Deferring
CYCLING THROUGH
Habitually turning on the smartphone and drifting aimlessly
CYCLING THROUGH
Duration: Short (12~60s)
Habitual Connection
CYCLING THROUGH (10%)
COMING UP WITH
Conducting information behavior by using smartphone as something Suddenly comes to Driver’s mind
COMING UP WITH
Duration: Long (1~5m)
COMING UP WITH (9%)
Active Pursuing
Concentrating on using smartphone for a longer time in order to complete information behaviors
related with specific purposes
Active Pursuing
Duration: Long (1~5m)
Active Pursuing (18%)
Conversing
communicating with others by using communication apps such as
telephone call, mobile instant messenger(MIM) and SNS
Conversing
Habitual Connection
Duration: Long
Conversing (56%)
Deferring
Avoiding or postponing a response toward push notification in the smartphone
Deferring
Very Short
Unfinished
Deferring (5%)
“VOICE OF DRIVERS”
“VOICE OF DRIVERS”• Additionally gathered “Voice of Drivers” by doing Think-
aloud while driving and conducting half-open survey after the experiment.
• Organized them into four issues.
Voice Interaction
Habitual Traits Modality Safety
Voice interaction
• need for voice interaction
“I don’t know if such functions already exist, but I wish my phone could be changed like ‘driving mode’ before I start driving. Then, I can use my voice for all the functions.”
“I’d like a system where I can answer the message by voice, even simply. Also, when message arrive while driving, it would be convenient if there’s a service that reads it out loud.”
Habitual Traits
• (1) setting and (2) dealing with backlogs
“I drive, after I start the car and choose the music”
“Before I drive to work, I check the messages or SNS alarms that are piled up from the night before to the morning… and I answer to KakaoTalk messages after I finish driving.”
Modality
• a variety of needs for additional interface
“It’s very inconvenient because I need my hands for both driving and using the smartphone. I wish there were something that can control my smartphone on the steering wheel. And I wish I can get my calls easily like folder phones”
“I want my windshield to show the smartphone screen”
“I want a sort of ‘driving mode’ in my phone in which the letters get bigger”
Safety
• restraint of information activities“I usually hold back the usage of smartphone. If I should, I slowly start the apps when it’s safe”
• changes in the forms of smartphone usage“I look at my smartphone in one hand in a glimpse, placing it in the middle of my wheel.”
Conclusion
DESIGN IMPLICATIONS
1. Providing relevant update at an appropriate time
2. Communicating selectively and integrally
3. Introducing new interaction that does not hamper attention and safety
4. Capturing immediate thoughts
CONTRIBUTIONS• Tried to observe “real” information behaviors of drivers
• Introduced the concept of “Session”— the meta level categorization unit
• Induced design implications applicable to smart devices in cars or smart car related services
THANK YOU!
[email protected]@snu.ac.kr
www.facebook.com/userexperiencelab
ux.snu.ac.kr
www.facebook.com/changhoon.oh.94