8/2/2019 Understanding Freedom and Control in Art Through a Marxist Approach

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Wedg|ytoedaeh c|ggdnj oed inet|nk ae o|t tb|nwhb o Jo|rayt ovv|noib

Lge`ojae Knx Tgim Bwa

Aetg|oitasg O|t Kgsgk Txn

Ytwdget AD ?

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Yahegd Ytotgjget

Tbay vovg| |gv|gygety j nxe xn|m grigvt xbg|g ntbg|xayg aedaiotgd n| oimenxkgdhgd% En

vo|t nc tbay gyyo boy lgge n| ay ineiw||getk ywljattgd cn| oe ntbg| qwokacaiotane ot oe ntbg|

oiodgjai aeytatwtaney%

Yahegd0 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Eojg0 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Ytwdget AD ewjlg|0 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

8/2/2019 Understanding Freedom and Control in Art Through a Marxist Approach

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Aet|ndwitane

A ybokk ca|yt grvkoae xbot A jgoe l tbg Jo|rayt ovv|noib tnxo|dy wedg|ytoedaeh tbg entane nc

c|ggdnj oed inet|nk ae o|t+ wyaeh Dojage Ba|yt oy oe grojvkg tn ybnx bnx o|t ay inet|nkkgd% A ybokk tbge

jnsg ne tn o|t tbot ay c|gg wyaeh tbg grojvkg nc M|pyptnc Xndaipmn oed tbg maed nc o|t jodg vnyyalkg

xatb tbg Aetg|egt% A ybokk tbge grvkoae bnx ynjg nc j nxe o|txn|my cat xatbae tbay c|ojgxn|m oed ged

xatb o qwokacaiotane nc tbay ovv|noib%

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Tbg Jo|rayt entane nc c|ggdnj ae o|t

Jo|rayj ay o l|nod oed ynvbaytaiotgd yibnnk nc vbaknynvb tbot ay ovvkagd tn joe yniaok yiageigy

ywib oy ginenjaiy+ vnkataiy+ ynianknh oy xgkk oy jgdao tbgn|% Tbg|g o|g okyn ygsg|ok l|oeibgy nc egn*

Jo|rayj tbot nccg| o inetgjvn|o| tomg ne ikoyyaiok Jo|rayj+ tbg yinvg nc xbaib ay lgned tbay 9666

xn|d vovg|% A xakk lg wyaeh sg| l|nod l|wybyt|nmgy c|nj ikoyyaiok Jo|rayj oy ovvkagd tn jgdao tbgn|+

oed grtgedaeh tbay aetn tbg |gokj nc o|t%

Oiin|daeh tn tbg loyai tgegty nc ikoyyaiok Jo|rayt tbgn|+ tbg|g ay tbg oyywjvtane tbot tbg

v|gsoakaeh ynian*ginenjai n|dg| ay oe grvknatotasg neg+ xatb tbg gkatg lnw|hgnay n| iovatok nxeg|y

grvknataeh tbg jo`n|at xn|maeh ikoyy+ n| tbgv|nkgto|aot% Tbgv|nkgto|aoto|g ba|gd ae n|dg| tn v|ndwig

nl`gity tbot hgeg|otg xgoktb cn| tbg lnw|hgnay% Ywib xn|mg|y o|g okageotgd lgiowyg tbg bosg en inet|nk

nsg| tbg vw|vnygy oed v|ndwity nc tbga| kolnw|+ oed ioe nxe v|ndwity nek l voaeh loim tbga| xohgy tn

tbg lnw|hgnay% Jo|rayj ay dgcaegd l tbay ikoyy |gkotaneybav%

Ae jgdao tbgn|+ tbay ay |gkotgd tn tbg entane nc inet|nk nc joyy jgdao l oe gkatg |aib xbn bosg

tbg vnxg| tn lg tbg nvaeane jomg|y oed |gv|gygetotasg snaigy nc yniagt% Vnxg|cwk jgdao jnhwky ywib oy

\wvg|t Jw|dnib oed Xakkaoj \oednkvb Bgo|yt "xbn aeyva|gd tbg jnsag Iatapge Moeg! ioe bgkv jomg n|

l|gom hnsg|ejgety oed aeckwgeig vnkai*jomaeh tb|nwhb tbg ygkgitasg |gv|gygetotane nc egxy oed gsgety

sao tbga| jgdao gjva|gy%

Tbay jgoey tbot tbg iovatokayt aetg|gyty nc tbg gkatg o|g v|ntgitgd sao tbg |gv|gyyane nc |gok dglotg

oed i|ataiok tbaemaeh+ oed tbg dwjlaeh dnxe |gok ayywgy l yvgitoikg oed ygeyotaneokayj ae joyy jgdao%

Tbg v|njntane nc o jaedkgyy ineywjg|ayt iwktw|g ae joyy jgdao vg|vgtwotgy tbg iovatokayt ytotwy qwn%

Grtgedaeh tbay aetn tbg |gokj nc o|t+ at ioe lg o|hwgd tbot o|t i|gotgd cn| tbg yomg nc jgdao ottgetane "g%h%

l v|nsnmaeh inet|nsg|y! n| cn| vw|gk injjg|iaok ogytbgtaiy+ oy nvvnygd tn o|t tbot boy o yt|neh ynian*

iwktw|ok inetgrt oed aeiataeh i|ataiok tbnwhbt+ yg|sgy iovatokayt adgnknh%

Ikoyyaiok Jo|rayj cojnwyk v|gdaitgd tbot tbot iovatokayj xakk kgod tn oe weytolkg ytotg nc

occoa|y iwkjaeotaeh ae o Jo|rayt |gsnkwtane?% Xbakg tbay coakgd v|gdaitane boy lgge o jo`n| ckox ae

ikoyyaiok Jo|rayj "oe ayywg odd|gyygd ae egn*Jo|rayj!+ at ybnxy bnx iovatokayj boy joeohgd tn lg ygkc*

? Kgt tbg |wkaeh ikoyygy t|gjlkg ot o injjweayt |gsnkwtane% Tbg v|nkgto|aoey bosg entbaeh tn knyg lwt tbga|

iboaey% Tbg bosg o xn|kd tn xae% Xn|maehjge nc okk inwet|agy+ weatg/ * Jo|r

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vg|vgtwotaeh oed ygkc*|gaecn|iaeh

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geolkaeh vgnvkg tn l|gom c|gg nc tbga| nvv|gyyane oed cknw|ayb oy aedasadwoky% Injjndacagd o|t yg|sgy

tn aein|vn|otg ineywjg|y cw|tbg| aetn tbg iovatokayt joibaeg+ ewjlaeh oed dayt|oitaeh tbg jaedy nc tbg

joyygy c|nj tbg |gok |goyne cn| tbga| okageotane+ oed gedaeh oe v|nyvgit nc joyy nvvnyatane%

O|tayt oy inwetg|*Jo|rayt0 Dojage Ba|yt

Vg|bovy o hnnd ioyg ytwd cn| iovatokayj oy o jndgk ae tbg o|ty aedwyt| xnwkd lg Dojage

Ba|yt+ |gvn|tgdk L|atoaey |aibgyt kasaeh o|tayt xatb bay xgoktb sokwgd ot

8/2/2019 Understanding Freedom and Control in Art Through a Marxist Approach

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Kasaehxoy ynkd l Yootiba tn oe Ojg|aioe inkkgitn| cn| 3%7 jakkane%

Ybnim sokwg oed inet|nsg|y boy yw||nwedgd o knt nc Ba|yty xn|my+ oed tbay boy ho|eg|gd baj

o knt nc jgdao ottgetane% Ba|yt neig yoad ae ?116+,A ioet xoat tn hgt aetn o vnyatane tn jomg |gokk lod

o|t oed hgt oxo xatb at% Ot tbg jnjget ac A dad ig|toae tbaehy vgnvkg xnwkd knnm ot at+ ineyadg| at oed

tbge yo (c ncc(% Lwt octg| o xbakg nw ioe hgt oxo xatb tbaehy%,O Tbnwyoed Qgo|y ineyayty nc o |nttaeh

iokcy bgod vkoigy ae o toem xatb johhnty xbaib tbge botibgd aetn ckagy tbot cgoytgd ne tbg in|vyg% At ay o

c|ahbtgeaeh xn|m xbaib boy bgkvgd |oayg tbg v|ncakg oed injjg|iaok sokwg nc bay xn|my% Inet|nsg|y ae

tbay ygeyg yg|sgy tnxo|dy iovatokayt aetg|gyty%

Cah

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Cah 9%Cn| tbg Knsg nc Hnd+ Dojage Ba|yt+

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bg wygy o|t oy oe ohget nc yniaok oitane% Bg inkkoln|otgd xatb jgjlg|y nc tbg bnjgkgyy injjweat tn

dgsgknv o vbyaiok nl`git oed ineigvtwok dgyahe tn jomg tbga| vo|taiavotane ae tbg w|loe ginenj sayalkg

oed ygkc*da|gitgd?6% Joe nc bay ntbg| v|n`gity okyn |gckgit bay lgkagc ae kgedaeh o snaig tn tbg jo|haeokaygd

oed nvv|gyygd ae yniagt%

Tbg|g o|g ntbg| o|tayty xbn i|gotg o|t tbot |gckgit tbga| yt|neh lgkagcy ae ig|toae yniaok ayywgy

|gho|dkgyy nc cwedaeh n| v|ncatolakat ayywgy% Tbg|g o|g okyn injjweat o|t v|n`gity tbot l|aeh olnwt

oxo|gegyy nc tbg vkahbt jo|haeokaygd h|nwvy n| hoksoeayg yniaok oitane% Ae tbgyg ioygy+ o|t ay ent da|gitgd

l tbg aeyt|wjgetok |goyne nc iovatokayj tnxo|dy injjndacaiotane lwt l tbg lgkagc ae yniaok gqwokat+

xbaib kgedy atygkc tn tbg sayane nc o ikoyykgyy yniagt ae kaeg xatb Jo|rayt adgnknh% Bgeig+ c|nj o Jo|rayt

sagxvnaet+ tbay maed nc o|t ay jn|g c|gg |otbg| tboe inet|nkkgd l iovatokayt adgnknh%

Cah 3%Bnjgkgyy Sgbaikg% M|pyptnc Xndaipmn% ?122*1% Egx Qn|m

C|ggdnj ae O|t ne tbg Aetg|egt

Xatb tbg wlaqwat oed |goib nc tbg Aetg|egt+ tbg|g boy lgge o cwedojgetok ybact ae tbg xo ig|toae

maedy nc o|t ay jodg% Nvge ynw|ig tnnky jomg osoakolkg tbg ynctxo|g tnnky cn| tbg kojoe tn i|gotg o|t%

Jgjlg|y nc nekaeg injjweatagy ybo|g tbga| i|gotasg xn|my oed bgkv nwt neg oentbg|% Vn|toky ywib

oy Qnwtwlg bgkv |goib nwt tn o hknlok owdageig% O|t dngy ent bosg tn grayt ae tbg hokkg| n| jwygwj+

at ioe grayt ae negy bnjg oed ybo|gd xatb ntbg|y tb|nwhb tbg xgl% Cwedaeh ioe lg nltoaegd c|nj

i|nxdynw|iaeh xglyatgy ywib oy maimyto|tg|%inj xbaib boy |oaygd nsg| $?66 jakkane cn| i|gotasg v|n`gity+

?6Qnw ygg tbay ae ig|toae hgytw|gy+ ig|toae xoy nc lgbosaeh+ yvgomaeh+ daoknhwaeh+ nc lwakdaeh wv ytn|agy+eo||otasgy0 tbg bnjgkgyy lginjg oitn|y+ n|otn|y+ xn|mg|y+ okk tbaehy xbaib tbg wywokk o|g ent% Tbgadgo ay tn kgt tbgj yvgom oed tgkk tbga| nxe ytn|agy+ tn kgt tbgj lg kghatajotg oitn|y ne tbg w|loe ytohg%*Xndaipmn+ I|ataiok Sgbaikgy+ ?88%

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|otbg| tboe c|nj hnsg|ejgety n| v|asotg in|vn|otaney%

Tbay dgjni|otayotane nc o|t*jomaeh oity oy o inwetg|xgahbt tn tbg injjg|iaok xn|kd nc o|t

tbot grayty ae hokkg|agy+ jwygwjy oed owitane bnwygy% At grayty ae o hknlok egtxn|mgd sa|twok yvoig tbot

t|oeyigedy eotaneok lnwedo|agy oed hnsg|ejgety% Tbay maed nc o|t ioe lg jodg l oed ybo|gd xatb oeneg

xatb o injvwtg| oed aetg|egt oiigyy% Owdageigy o|g gjvnxg|gd xatb tbg tnnky+ menxkgdhg oed |gynw|igy

tn i|gotg tbga| nxe o|t+ jnsaeh c|nj lgaeh voyyasg ineywjg|y nc o|t tn oitasg v|ndwig|y nc iwktw|g oed

jgoeaeh%

Dgyvatg yvn|odai ytotg igeyn|ybav oed tbg v|gygeig nc injjg|iaok aetg|gyty nekaeg+ at ioe lg

o|hwgd tbot tbg cn|igy nc iovatokayj oed ytotg inet|nk bosg jwib kgyy dnjaeoeig ne tbg Aetg|egt tboe ae tbg

|gok xn|kd+ kgodaeh tn tbg ineikwyane tbot vg|bovy+ tbay maed nc o|t ay jn|g c|gg |otbg| tboe inet|nkkgd%

Tbay o|t jnsgjget ioe okyn lg ygge oy o maed nc Jo|rayt |gsnkwtane+ xbg|gl tbg joyygy o|g gjvnxg|gd+

c|ggaeh tbgj c|nj tbg inet|nk nc oe gkatg cgx% Egsg|tbgkgyy+ tbay jnsgjget nek occgity ig|toae tvgy nc

o|t+ jnyt entolk ae tbg cagkd nc jgdao o|t

A ybokk enx oeokyg txn nc j |giget o|txn|my xatbae tbg Jo|rayt inetgrt nc c|ggdnj oed inet|nk%

Jq o|txn|myae o Jo|rayt inetgrt

?! Tbg \asg|

Tbg \asg|ay o kahbt yiwkvtw|g aeytokkotane oy vo|t nc tbg aKahbt Jo|aeo Lo

8/2/2019 Understanding Freedom and Control in Art Through a Marxist Approach

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Cah 4% Tbg \asg|oy vo|t nc aKahbt Jo|aeo Lo

8/2/2019 Understanding Freedom and Control in Art Through a Marxist Approach

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Olyt|oitane?? ay o inkkoln|otasg vg|cn|joeig aeytokkotane lgtxgge tbg coiwkt nc Jgdao O|ty oed

tbg Tbgot|g oed Vg|cn|jaeh O|ty ae KOYOKKG Inkkghg nc tbg O|ty+ Yaehovn|g% At ay loygd ne tbg tgrt

ncO Dayovvgo|aeh Ewjlg| "

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ywlywjgd wedg| tbg iovatokayt ginenj+ oed bnx tbay kajaty tbg oitwok c|ggdnj nc o|tayty tn v|ndwig o|t

cn| o|ty yomg oy nvvnygd tn iotg|aeh tn injjg|iaok aetg|gyty% Bnxgsg|+ kamg okk tbgn|agy olnwt o|t+ tbg

Jo|rayt ovv|noib ioeent lg ygge oy oe okk*geinjvoyyaeh ovv|noib tnxo|dy wedg|ytoedaeh tbg entane nc

c|ggdnj oed inet|nk ae o|t%

Cn| grojvkg+ |gv|gygetotane ae o|t ay |ghwkotgd l igeyn|ybav koxy oed vnkaiagy+ xbaib ay o

cweitane nc ytotg inet|nk+ |otbg| tboe tbot nc v|asotg injjg|iaok aetg|gyty% Ytotg inet|nk jahbt okyn tomg tbg

cn|j nc loeeaeh ig|toae maedy nc o|t tbot o|g ywlsg|yasg tnxo|dy ytotg owtbn|at n| tbg yvneyn|ybav nc o|t

tbot v|njntg eotaneokayt adgnknh n| vnkataiok v|nvohoedo+ g%h% vwlkai yiwkvtw|gy+ jwygwj o|t% Ovo|t c|nj

tbg iovatokayt cn|igy nc tbg c|gg jo|mgt+ tbg |nkg nc tbg ytotg ioeent lg wedg|gytajotgd ae wedg|ytoedaeh

bnx o|t ioe lg inet|nkkgd%

Tbg|g o|g okyn ntbg| sokad ovv|noibgy tnxo|dy grvkoaeaeh tbg entane nc c|ggdnj oed inet|nk ae o|t

tbot o|g lgned tbg yinvg nc tbay vovg|% Ynjg ntbg| jgdao tbgn|agy tbot ioe lg wygd ae tbay inetgrt aeikwdg

tbg cweitaneokayt wygy oed h|otacaiotaneyvg|yvgitasg+ oed iwktw|ok ytwdagy entaney nc ywlsg|yasg owdageigy

"Ytwo|t Bokk+ ?12

?9

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Ywjjo|q

A bosg dgcaegd c|ggdnj ae o|t oy tbg dgh|gg tn xbaib o|t ay c|gg c|nj iovatokayt inet|nk xbaib tgedy

tn injjndac o|t tn v|ntgit tbg injjg|iaok aetg|gyty nc tbg gkatg lnw|hgnay% A wygd tbg grojvkg nc Dojage

Ba|yt tn grvkoae bnx o|t ae tbay ygeyg ay ent c|gg% A tbge inet|oytgd at xatb o|t tbot tgedy tn l|aeh olnwt

ynjg cn|j nc yniaok gqwokat+ g|oyaeh ikoyy daytaeitaney oed gjvnxg|aeh tbg jo|haeokaygd n| grvknatgd+

ywib oy tbg o|t nc M|pyptnc Xndaipmn oed tbg |ayg nc jgdao o|t ne tbg Aetg|egt%

A tbge oeokygd txn nc j o|txn|my oed cnwed tbot tbg tged tn lg injjndatagy cokkaeh wedg| tbg

inet|nk nc iovatokayt adgnknh% Ae qwokacaeh tbg Jo|rayt ovv|noib tnxo|dy wedg|ytoedaeh c|ggdnj oed

inet|nk ae o|t+ A |oaygd tbg ajvn|toeig nc ineyadg|aeh tbg |nkg nc tbg ytotg oy xgkk%

?4

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Ineikwyane

Tbg Jo|rayt ovv|noib ioe lg wygd tn grvkoae tbg vg|soyasg grtget tn xbaib o|t ay inet|nkkgd l tbg

aeyt|wjgetok knhai nc iovatokayj% O knt nc o|t nwt tbg|g ay wei|ataiok oed injjndacagd tn iotg| tn

ineywjg|ayj+ tbwy vg|vgtwotaeh tbgcokyg ineyianwyegyy nc yniagt% O iw|yn| oeokyay nc j nxe

o|txn|my ybnxy tbot at ay ent goy tn i|gotg o|t tbot ay t|wk c|gg% Egsg|tbgkgyy+ o|tayty ybnwkd okxoy

yt|asg tnxo|dy tbay entane nc c|ggdnj l qwgytaneaeh tbg bghgjneai adgnknh oed ineytoetk gehohaeh ae

o iwktw|ok inetgytotane nc jgoeaeh nsg| tbg ytotwy qwn% Oy Jo|r neig yoad O|t ay okxoy oed gsg|xbg|g

tbg ygi|gt inecgyyane+ oed ot tbg yojg tajg tbg ajjn|tok jnsgjget nc aty tajg%

Lalkanh|ovbq

Bndmaeyne+ V%