understanding disk partitions (entendo partições de discos)

Understanding Disk Partitions49 out of 66 rated this helpful

Published: October 22, 2009

Updated: June 28, 2011

Applies To: Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2

Note

This content applies to Windows 7. For Windows 8 content, see Windows Deployment with the Windows ADK

During an attended or unattended installation, you can divide your hard drive (for example, hard disk drive or solid-state drive) isections called partitions.

In This Topic

Partition Structures

Partition Rules

System Partitions

Microsoft Reserved Partition (MSR)

Windows Partition Requirements

Recovery Tools

Changing the Disk Configurations During Windows Setup

Recommended Disk-Partition Configurations

Partition StructuresThe partition types must match the firmware of the computer. You can install Windows® 7 and Windows Server® 2008 R2 on haare based on any of the following types of firmware:

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS). Uses the Master Boot Record (MBR) partition structure.

Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) Class 1. Uses the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition structure.

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) Class 2: Uses the GPT partition structure. Also includes a compatibility module (CSM) that enables you to use BIOS functions, including the MBR partition structure. This module may be enabled the firmware.

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) Class 3: Uses the GPT partition structure.

To determine your system type, consult your hardware manufacturer.

Understanding Disk Partitions https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd7992...

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Partition RulesThe partition structure is different on BIOS-based and UEFI-based computers.

BIOS-Based ComputersWhen you deploy Windows® to a BIOS-based computer, you must format hard drives by using an MBR file system. Disks that uspartition table (GPT) structure are not supported on BIOS-based computers.

An MBR-based drive must meet the following conditions:

Each disk can have up to four standard partitions. Typically, these standard partitions are designated as primary partitions to store files.

For information about creating additional partitions beyond this limit, see BIOS: To use more than four partitions

The computer must boot to the active partition. You can designate only one primary partition as active.

On Windows® 8 and Windows Server® 2012 configurations, the active partition is typically a separate partition that is callepartition.

Each partition can have a maximum of 2 terabytes (TB) of space. Software tools to extend the visible partition space beyonnot supported on BIOS because they can interfere with application compatibility and recovery software solutions.

The following diagram shows the default Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 partition structure:

BIOS: To use more than four partitions

Designate one of the four standard partitions as an extended partition.

An extended partition is a special partition that can be divided into additional partitions called logical partitionsextended partition into as many logical partitions as can fit on your disk.

An extended partition cannot store files; it can store only logical partitions.

1.

Add logical partitions to the drive.

Logical partitions can store data.

2.

The following diagram illustrates an example of a disk partition structure that includes primary, extended, and logical partitions:


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UEFI-Based ComputersWhen you deploy Windows® to an EFI-based or UEFI-based computer, you must format the hard disk drive or other persistent stthat includes the Windows partition by using a GUID partition table (GPT) file system. Additional drives might use either the GPT boot record (MBR) file format.

A GPT-based drive might include the following partitions:

An EFI System Partition (ESP)

Each bootable drive must contain an ESP. The computer boots to this partition.

For Advanced Format Generation One (4-KB-per-sector) drives, the minimum size of this partition is 260 MB.

For earlier 512-byte-per-sector drives, the minimum size of this partition is 100MB.

A Microsoft® Reserved Partition (MSR)

We recommend that you add an MSR to each drive for disk management. The MSR is a reserved partition that does not recpartition ID. It cannot store user data.

The size of an MSR partition is 128 MB.

Up to 128 primary partitions

You can use primary partitions to store files and utilities.

Each bootable drive must contain an operating system, such as Windows.

Each partition can have a maximum of 18 exabytes (EB) of space.

The following diagram shows the default Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 GPT-based partition structure:

For more information about UEFI disks and hard disk partitions, see The Windows and GPT FAQ.

The computer will boot to the Extensible Firmware Interface System Partition (EFI System Partition, or ESP).

System Partitions


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You can use system partitions to:

Manage and load other partitions. If there are multiple operating systems, for example, Windows 7 and Windows Vista®computer displays a list of operating systems. The user can then select which operating system to use.

Use security tools, such as Windows® BitLocker® Drive Encryption.

Use recovery tools, such as Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE).

In Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2, system partitions do not appear in the list of available drives, although they can appsuch as Computer Management.

System Partition RequirementsBasic system partition requirements are:

Must have at least 100 megabytes (MB) of hard drive space.

Must have enough free space to create shadow copies of the partition.

If the partition is less than 500 MB, it must have at least 50 MB of free space.

If the partition is 500 MB or larger, it must have at least 320 MB of free space.

If the partition is larger than 1 gigabyte (GB), we recommend that it should have at least 1 GB free.

Note

Aside from the Windows RE tools, we recommend that you place no other files on the system volume, and that you discouusers from storing files on this partition, to avoid filling up this space.

Must not be an encrypted partition.

Must be configured as the active partition.

BIOS/MBR: May be formatted as either FAT32 or NTFS.

UEFI/GPT: Must be formatted as FAT32 .

Note

To discourage users from accidentally modifying or deleting the partition:

Identify the partition as a utility partition. Utility partitions do not receive a drive letter. To identify the partition as a utilityset the unattended setting, Microsoft-Windows-Setup\DiskConfiguration\Disk\ModifyPartitions\ModifyPartition\T0x27 on BIOS-based systems, or de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac for UEFI-based systems.

Add a label to the partition. This helps users identify the partition when viewing the disk with tools such as


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Additional requirements for BitLocker

BitLocker increases protection for your computer by running Windows in a separate, encrypted data partition.

When BitLocker is installed, the following are additional requirements for the system partition:

The partition must be separate from the Windows partition.

For more information, see Understanding BitLocker Drive Encryption.

Additional requirements for Windows RE

Windows RE can help users recover from critical system failure.

You can install Windows RE tools in the system partition, in the Windows partition or in a separate recovery partition.

When Windows RE tools are installed on the system partition, the following are additional requirements for the combined partition

The partition must be physically located in front of all user partitions.

Must have an additional 200 MB of hard drive space for Windows RE tools.

Example: System + Windows RE tools = 300 MB

Must not be used to store user files.

When Windows RE tools are installed on a separate partition, the following are additional requirements for the Windows RE partit

Must have enough free space to create shadow copies of the partition.

If the partition is less than 500 MB, it must have at least 50 MB of free space.

If the partition is 500 MB or larger, it must have at least 320 MB of free space.

If the partition is larger than 1 GB, we recommend that it should have at least 1 GB free.

Must not be used to store user files.

For more information, see Understanding Windows Recovery.

For information about deploying Windows RE, see Deploy a System Recovery Image.

Additional requirements for Advanced Format Generation One (4-KB-per-sector) drives

The minimum size of the system partition on an Advanced Format Generation One drive is 260 MB.

Microsoft Reserved Partition (MSR)The MSR is used on UEFI/GPT systems, to support software components that formerly used hidden sectors.

The MSR partition must:

Have 128 MB of hard drive space.

Be located before the Windows operating-system partitions.


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For more information about MSR partitions, see Windows and GPT FAQ

Windows Partition RequirementsThe Windows partition must:

Have at least 15 gigabytes (GB) of hard drive space, including 700 MB of free space during Windows Setup.

Recovery ToolsTo help end users recover from critical system failures, you can include system-recovery tools on your system. In the case of a syyou can configure the computer to fail over to the recovery tools, to help end users repair or reinstall Windows.

The requirements for a recovery partition will vary, depending on the recovery environment you intend to implement.

Note

Consider installing recovery tools in either the system partition or a separate partition, to enable end users to repair or reinstallwithout deleting the recovery tools.

To discourage users from accidentally modifying or deleting the partition:

Identify the partition as a utility partition. Utility partitions do not receive a drive letter. To identify the partition as a utilityset the unattended setting, Microsoft-Windows-Setup\DiskConfiguration\Disk\ModifyPartitions\ModifyPartition\T0x27 on BIOS-based systems, or de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac for UEFI-based systems.

Add a label to the partition. This helps users identify the partition when viewing the disk with tools such as

Changing the Disk Configurations During Windows SetupYou can change the default disk configurations by using any of the following options:

Use Windows System Image Manager (Windows SIM) to configure settings. For more information on creating hard disk parCreate BIOS-based Hard-Disk Partitions by Using Windows SIM and Create UEFI-based Hard-Disk Partitions by Using Windo

From Windows PE, or another environment, use the Diskpart command to create and modify partitions. For more informatDiskpart, see Apply Images by Using ImageX.

During an attended installation, click Advanced while the Disk Configuration user-interface page is displayed, and followon-screen instructions to set up partitions.

Recommended Disk-Partition ConfigurationsThe following table includes links to topics that include recommended disk-partition configurations.

Recommended BIOS-Based Disk-Partition Configurations BIOS-based systems


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Community Additions

Recommended UEFI-Based Disk-Partition Configurations UEFI-based systems

See AlsoConceptsUnderstanding BitLocker Drive EncryptionDeploy a System Recovery Image

© 2015 Microsoft


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understanding disk partitions (entendo partições de discos)

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