understanding culture, society and politics · society (zulueta & maglaya, 2005 p.50). lastly,...

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode First Quarter – Module 2: Defining Culture, Society and Politics First Edition, 2020

Printed in the Philippines by: DepEd, Region X Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources Office Address: Zone 1, DepEd Building Mastersons Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000 Telefax: (088) 880 7072 E-mail Address [email protected]

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e.,songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor M. Briones Undersecretary: _______________ Assistant Secretary: _______________

Development Team of the Module

Author: Cheque O. Torres

Evaluator: Swannie Maria Sofia S. Gacus

Illustrator:

Lay-out Artist:

Management Team:

Development Team of the Module:

Author: Cheque O. TorresEvaluator: Swannie Maria Sofia S. GacusIllustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan

Management Team:

Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional DirectorCo-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V Asst. Regional Director Mala Epra B. Magnaong CES, CLMDMembers: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr. Regional ADM Coordinator Ray Butch M. Mahinay EPS-Designate- AP

Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Regional Office 10 Office Address: Zone 1, Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro City 9000Telefax: (088) 880-7071, (088) 880-7072E-mail Address: [email protected]

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode First Quarter – Module 2: Defining Culture, Society and Politics First Edition, 2020

Printed in the Philippines by: DepEd, Region X Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources Office Address: Zone 1, DepEd Building Mastersons Ave., Upper Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000 Telefax: (088) 880 7072 E-mail Address [email protected]

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e.,songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor M. Briones Undersecretary: _______________ Assistant Secretary: _______________

Development Team of the Module

Author: Cheque O. Torres

Evaluator: Swannie Maria Sofia S. Gacus

Illustrator:

Lay-out Artist:

Management Team:

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Quarter 1- Module 2

Defining Culture, Society and Politics

This instructional materials was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at [email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education. Republic of the Philippines

Table of Contents

Module 2- Defining Culture, Society and Politics 1

What I Need to Know 1

What I know 2

Lesson 1 – The Concept of Culture, Society and Politics 3

Activity 1.1 Exploring Community Wonders! 4

Activity1.2 Culture Imagi-hibit! 5

Lesson Concept 6

Activity1.3 Think, Pair and Share 7

Activity 1.4 Draw or Pics? 8

Activity1.5 Essay Writing 9

Lesson 2 – Perspective to the Study of Culture, Society and Politics 10

Activity 2.1 Fill It! 11

Activity 2.2 Share-Perience 12

Activity 2.3 Meet Up! 14

Activity 2.4 Just Saying.. 15

Activity 2.5 React-Say! 15

Activity 2.6 Let’s Reflect 16

Activity 2.7 Trip Ko to! 17

What I have Learned 18

Assessment 19

Glossary 20

Answer Key 21

References 22-24

Table of Contents

Module 2- Defining Culture, Society and Politics 1

What I Need to Know 1

What I know 2

Lesson 1 – The Concept of Culture, Society and Politics 3

Activity 1.1 Exploring Community Wonders! 4

Activity1.2 Culture Imagi-hibit! 5

Lesson Concept 6

Activity1.3 Think, Pair and Share 7

Activity 1.4 Draw or Pics? 8

Activity1.5 Essay Writing 9

Lesson 2 – Perspective to the Study of Culture, Society and Politics 10

Activity 2.1 Fill It! 11

Activity 2.2 Share-Perience 12

Activity 2.3 Meet Up! 14

Activity 2.4 Just Saying.. 15

Activity 2.5 React-Say! 15

Activity 2.6 Let’s Reflect 16

Activity 2.7 Trip Ko to! 17

What I have Learned 18

Assessment 19

Glossary 20

Answer Key 21

References 22-24

1

What I Need to Know

Learners, how’s your day? I hope you will be excited to scrutinized, read and learn the best that you could at your convenience. Did you ever heard the news in your local TV station or heard in radio station about what’s happening in your society? Can you think what was that? Do you ever wonder the reason behind why it happened or you just don’t care at all? Perhaps, the answers will be on this module to give you an idea about it. Let’s work it on together.

This module will definitely give you an idea about the concept, perspective and approaches to the study of culture, society and politics. How they are connected to come up a kind of society whom you lived. You will learn also the different aspects of culture and be aware of why and how cultural relativism mitigates ethnocentrism.

Society has a culture, no matter how simple that culture may be. Day-to-day we interact with each other and develop social relationships. He needs other people who can provide him with the needed opportunities so he can translate these potentialities into realities called achievement. These accomplishments not only help him achieve self-actualization but also make him a contributing member of his society (Zulueta & Maglaya, 2005 p.50).

Lastly, it will help you to be more tolerant and appreciative of other people the

way they are both physically and culturally, thus, appreciation of diversity follows.

By the end of the lesson, you will have been able to:

explain anthropological and sociological perspectives on culture and society describe society and culture as a complex whole identify aspects of culture and society raise questions toward a holistic appreciation of cultures and societies become aware of why and how cultural relativism mitigates ethnocentrism

To attain the goals of this module, please do the following;

Read and understand the lessons carefully Instruction should be follow in each given task Tests and activities should be answer diligently and patiently Familiarize yourselves with the terms given

Defining Culture, Society and Politics

2

What I Know

As an initial activity, you will be assess on your understanding of defining culture, society and politics.

Directions: Read carefully and write the correct answer on your notebook. ____ 1. It is a study that focus in society. a. Anthropology b. Society c. Sociology d. Zoology ____ 2. It refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries. a. Society b. Culture c. Politics d. Community ____ 3. A belief that all cultures as equally complex. a. Cultural Relativism b. Ethnocentrism c. Folkways d. Essentialism ____ 4. It is called the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour. a. Anthropology b. History c. Sociology d. Psychology ____ 5. Which of the following are not examples of material culture? a. Tools b. Economic Goods c. Attitudes d. Vehicles

____ 6. It consists of tangible things such as technological tools, architectural structures, fashion and accessories, and food. a. Non-material Culture b. Folkways

c. Cultural Shock d. Material Culture

____ 7. The following statement are the aspects of culture except a. Shared and contested b. Cumulative

c. Patterned social interactions d. Transmitted through socialization

____ 8. The following are examples of non-material culture except one: a. Behaviour b. Thoughts c. Feelings d. Artifacts ____ 9. It is called the totality of what man has learned as a member of society. a. Politics b. Physiology c. Sociology d. Culture ____ 10. What do you call about judging other cultures by the standards of your own, assuming your own culture to be the best. a. Cultural Variation b. Enculturation c. Ethnocentrism d. Sociological Imagination

2

What I Know

As an initial activity, you will be assess on your understanding of defining culture, society and politics.

Directions: Read carefully and write the correct answer on your notebook. ____ 1. It is a study that focus in society. a. Anthropology b. Society c. Sociology d. Zoology ____ 2. It refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries. a. Society b. Culture c. Politics d. Community ____ 3. A belief that all cultures as equally complex. a. Cultural Relativism b. Ethnocentrism c. Folkways d. Essentialism ____ 4. It is called the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour. a. Anthropology b. History c. Sociology d. Psychology ____ 5. Which of the following are not examples of material culture? a. Tools b. Economic Goods c. Attitudes d. Vehicles






3

LLl

Content Standard 1. The concepts of culture, society and politics 2. Perspectives in approaches to the study of culture, society, and politics (i.e., comparative, historical, structural-functional, interpretive, critical)

Performance Standard

1. Appreciate the nature of culture and society from the perspective of anthropology and sociology 2. Demonstrate a holistic understanding of culture and Society 3. Value cultural heritage and express pride of place without being ethnocentric

Learning Competency 1. Explain anthropological and sociological perspectives on culture and society 2. Describe society and culture as a complex whole

Lesson 1 The Concepts of Culture, Society and

Politics

4

What is Culture?

- is a composite or multifarious areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society (Baleña, Lucero & Peralta, 2016 p. 17).

What is it?

Activity 1.1 Exploring Community-Wonders!!! Directions: Write down what you have been observed in your society when it comes to the following enumerated below.

Forms of Culture

Material (Tangible) – formed by the physical objects that people create ex. cars, clothing, books, buildings, computers, tools, economic goods, property, artifacts, non-symbolic

Non-material (Intangible) – abstract human creations (can’t touch it) ex. language, family patterns, work practices, ideas, rules, values, ideals, symbols, patterns of thinking, political and economic system

Examples

C U L T U R E

Working Schedules 1.

S

O

C

I

E

T

Y

Y

Songs 2. Clothes and

Dressing 3.

Religion 4. Manners 5.

Food 6.

Celebrations 7.

Folk Art 8.

Trends 9.

Medical care 10.

4

What is Culture?

- is a composite or multifarious areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society (Baleña, Lucero & Peralta, 2016 p. 17).

What is it?

Activity 1.1 Exploring Community-Wonders!!! Directions: Write down what you have been observed in your society when it comes to the following enumerated below.

Forms of Culture

Material (Tangible) – formed by the physical objects that people create ex. cars, clothing, books, buildings, computers, tools, economic goods, property, artifacts, non-symbolic

Non-material (Intangible) – abstract human creations (can’t touch it) ex. language, family patterns, work practices, ideas, rules, values, ideals, symbols, patterns of thinking, political and economic system

Examples

C U L T U R E

Working Schedules 1.

S

O

C

I

E

T

Y

Y

Songs 2. Clothes and

Dressing 3.

Religion 4. Manners 5.

Food 6.

Celebrations 7.

Folk Art 8.

Trends 9.

Medical care 10.

5

Society

People

Institution

Organizations

Groups

What’s More?

Activity 1.2 Culture Imagi-hibit! Directions: Identify what forms of culture enumerated below. Put a check ( / ) inside the column where it belonged.

Tangible Intangible 1. A reincarnation belief 2. House and lot 3. Suffrage 4. Rizal’s Monument 5. Democracy

Diagram 1 Concept Map Analysis It shows the contained ideas about culture…

Habits Beliefs, Knowledge Lifestyle, Politics Laws Customs Behavior, Morals Faith, Values, Art CULTURE

6

Lesson Concept

Society – refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries. Society should have rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behaviour among members. Thus, every society is unique in terms of culture (Baleña, Lucero & Peralta, 2016 p. 17).

Anthropology - study man in his entirely - is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of mankind,

his works, his body, his behaviour and values, in time and space (Palipis, 2007 p. 6). Also, it includes man’s physical, social, and cultural development that describes and explains the phenomenon of human life. In short, anthropology studies man and analyses his behaviour as a member of society (Zulueta & Maglaya, 2005 p. 40).

Sociology - focus study is society - is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour. It analyses human interaction which is essential in understanding man’s cultural make-up. It may focus its attention on all kinds of social interactions: social arts, social relationships, social organization, social structures, and social processes (Palispis, 2009 p. 3) Politics

- any activity involving human beings associated together in relationship of power and authority where conflicts occurs (Robert Dahl, 1984 p. 13).

- means compromises, but these compromises “ must in some sense be creative of future benefits --- that each exists for a future purpose.” Or at least, some purpose, like “ enabling orderly government to be carried on at all” (Crick 1982, 21-22).

6

Lesson Concept

Society – refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries. Society should have rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behaviour among members. Thus, every society is unique in terms of culture (Baleña, Lucero & Peralta, 2016 p. 17).

Anthropology - study man in his entirely - is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of mankind,

his works, his body, his behaviour and values, in time and space (Palipis, 2007 p. 6). Also, it includes man’s physical, social, and cultural development that describes and explains the phenomenon of human life. In short, anthropology studies man and analyses his behaviour as a member of society (Zulueta & Maglaya, 2005 p. 40).

Sociology - focus study is society - is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour. It analyses human interaction which is essential in understanding man’s cultural make-up. It may focus its attention on all kinds of social interactions: social arts, social relationships, social organization, social structures, and social processes (Palispis, 2009 p. 3) Politics

- any activity involving human beings associated together in relationship of power and authority where conflicts occurs (Robert Dahl, 1984 p. 13).

- means compromises, but these compromises “ must in some sense be creative of future benefits --- that each exists for a future purpose.” Or at least, some purpose, like “ enabling orderly government to be carried on at all” (Crick 1982, 21-22).

7

What’s In?

Activity 1.3 Think, Pair and Share Directions: Write down on the table your observation or perspective

about anthropological and sociological study on culture and society based on what you have understood about the contained ideas in the Concept Map Analysis in Diagram 1 on page 5.

Anthropological Perspective

CULTURE

Sociological Perspective

SOCIETY

8

Culture - is a complex whole which include knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

Types of Society Primitive

it means belonging to a society in which people live in a very simple way, usually without industries.

Rural a society in which there is a low ratio of inhabitants to open land and in which the most important economic activities are the production of foodstuff, fibres, and raw materials

Urban a society that is typical of modern industrial civilization and heterogeneous in cultural tradition, that emphasizes secular values, and that is individualized rather than integrated contrasted with folk society

What’s New?

Activity 1.4 Draw or Pics? Directions: As defined above, draw or take pictures of the 3 types of each

society according to your observation or what you’ve seen of the kind of culture they have. Describe the difference.

Rubrics Creativity 20 Thoughts and ideas 20 Presentation 10 Total 50 pts.

8

Culture - is a complex whole which include knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

Types of Society Primitive

it means belonging to a society in which people live in a very simple way, usually without industries.

Rural a society in which there is a low ratio of inhabitants to open land and in which the most important economic activities are the production of foodstuff, fibres, and raw materials

Urban a society that is typical of modern industrial civilization and heterogeneous in cultural tradition, that emphasizes secular values, and that is individualized rather than integrated contrasted with folk society

What’s New?

Activity 1.4 Draw or Pics? Directions: As defined above, draw or take pictures of the 3 types of each

society according to your observation or what you’ve seen of the kind of culture they have. Describe the difference.

Rubrics Creativity 20 Thoughts and ideas 20 Presentation 10 Total 50 pts.

9

Elements of Culture

Knowledge – refers to any information received and perceived to be true Beliefs – the perception of accepted reality

reality - refers to the existence of things whether material or non-material

Social Norms – these are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on the requirements of the time, place, or situation.

What I have Learned?

Activity 1.5 Essay Writing Directions: As shown in your drawing or pictures on page 08, describe the culture of each society. Why does each society had a different culture from one another? What makes them a complex whole? If given a chance to choose where would you rather live, in an urban, rural or primitive society? Why?

Rubric in Essay Writing Form, Content and Insight - 10

Presentation and Style - 5 Accuracy - 8 Fairness - 5 Methodology - 7 Total 35 pts.

10




Learning Competency

1. Raise questions toward a holistics appreciation of cultures and societies 2. Become aware of why and how cultural relativism mitigates Ethnocentrism 3. Identify forms of tangible and intangible heritage and the threats to these

What are the ASPECTS OF CULTURE?

Below are collage pictures showing the reality of an aspects of culture that support the development of man’s social interaction.

1. Culture are dynamic, flexible, and adaptive 2. Culture are shared and contested 3. Culture are learned through socialization or enculturation 4. Culture is patterned social interaction 5. Culture is integrated and at times unstable 6. Culture is transmitted through socialization 7. Culture requires language and other forms of communication

Lesson 2 Perspective to the Study of Culture,

Society and Politics

10




Learning Competency

1. Raise questions toward a holistics appreciation of cultures and societies 2. Become aware of why and how cultural relativism mitigates Ethnocentrism 3. Identify forms of tangible and intangible heritage and the threats to these

What are the ASPECTS OF CULTURE?

Below are collage pictures showing the reality of an aspects of culture that support the development of man’s social interaction.

1. Culture are dynamic, flexible, and adaptive 2. Culture are shared and contested 3. Culture are learned through socialization or enculturation 4. Culture is patterned social interaction 5. Culture is integrated and at times unstable 6. Culture is transmitted through socialization 7. Culture requires language and other forms of communication

Lesson 2 Perspective to the Study of Culture,

Society and Politics

11

Image source: https//www.googleimages.com

What is It!

Activity 2.1 Fill It! Directions: Identify the following aspects of culture if it is visible or

non-visible, put (/) to the column where it belonged Visible Non-Visible

1. Food 2. Ethics 3. Festivals 4. Beliefs 5. Values

12

What’s More!

Activity 2.2 Share-Perience! Directions: Give your own experience or observation to describe the aspects of culture in column A, write your answers in column B as your evidence.

Column A (Aspects of Culture)

Column B (Prevalent in Society)

1. Transmitted through socialization ex. Father showing his son how to catch fish.

2. Shared and contested

3. Dynamic, flexible and adaptive

4. Requires language and other forms of communication.

5. Patterned social interactions

6. Learned through socialization or Enculturation

7. Integrated and at times unstable

12

What’s More!

Activity 2.2 Share-Perience! Directions: Give your own experience or observation to describe the aspects of culture in column A, write your answers in column B as your evidence.

Column A (Aspects of Culture)

Column B (Prevalent in Society)

1. Transmitted through socialization ex. Father showing his son how to catch fish.

2. Shared and contested

3. Dynamic, flexible and adaptive

4. Requires language and other forms of communication.

5. Patterned social interactions

6. Learned through socialization or Enculturation

7. Integrated and at times unstable

13

What I can Do?

Activity 2.3 Meet Up! Directions: An individual research, interview a nearest person to you

who is a member of IP or a Meranao and ask them about how they cope up modernity as they entered a new phase of their lives as for their work, creating a family and lifestyle. Have it documented through visual or audio recorded and share it in the class.



14

Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism It is a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality differently. Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture

The attempt to judge behaviour according to its cultural context. The principle that an individual person’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture

Image source: https.//www.googleimages.com

What Is It?

Activity 2.4 Just Saying! Directions: Identify the following if it showing an idea/acting of

ethnocentrism or cultural relativism. Write your answers on the space provided.

--------------------- 1. Even if she’s not fair complexion, black is still beautiful!

____________ 2. Were right, everyone else is wrong. Were better than you! ____________ 3. Mmmm… perfect! Really, our menu is the best among the rest. ____________ 4. We are destined to spread the word of God not them. ____________ 5. Our heroic ancestors, the best among the rest! ____________ 6. Prostitution is illegal in our country yet legal in Germany. ____________ 7. Abortion in the Philippines is illegal while in Singapore is legal. ____________ 8. We are the richest and influential country in the world! ____________ 9. Exclusive for Filipinos only! ___________ 10. Fried worms is disgusting in our taste but I now understand why they loved it!

14

Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism It is a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality differently. Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture

The attempt to judge behaviour according to its cultural context. The principle that an individual person’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture

Image source: https.//www.googleimages.com

What Is It?

Activity 2.4 Just Saying! Directions: Identify the following if it showing an idea/acting of

ethnocentrism or cultural relativism. Write your answers on the space provided.

--------------------- 1. Even if she’s not fair complexion, black is still beautiful!

____________ 2. Were right, everyone else is wrong. Were better than you! ____________ 3. Mmmm… perfect! Really, our menu is the best among the rest. ____________ 4. We are destined to spread the word of God not them. ____________ 5. Our heroic ancestors, the best among the rest! ____________ 6. Prostitution is illegal in our country yet legal in Germany. ____________ 7. Abortion in the Philippines is illegal while in Singapore is legal. ____________ 8. We are the richest and influential country in the world! ____________ 9. Exclusive for Filipinos only! ___________ 10. Fried worms is disgusting in our taste but I now understand why they loved it!

15

What I have Learned?

Activity 2.5 React-Say! Directions: Write your answer in the box-space provided. A minimum of 100

words. Is there such a superior or inferior culture? Why?



16

What I can Do?

Activity 2.6 Let’s Reflect! Directions: Inside the box, write your reflection by completing the open-

ended phrase on what you’ve learned about the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. How valuable to inculcate cultural relativism in a diverse culture we have. Why?

I learned that … I realized that … In the future …



16

What I can Do?

Activity 2.6 Let’s Reflect! Directions: Inside the box, write your reflection by completing the open-

ended phrase on what you’ve learned about the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. How valuable to inculcate cultural relativism in a diverse culture we have. Why?

I learned that … I realized that … In the future …



17

What I can Do?

Activity 2.7 Trip Ko To! Directions: You are going to roam around within your community observe and list down of tangible and intangible heritage. Take sample pictures so that you can review the happenings during the trip, you can use it in making your reflection. After the trip make a narrative report with picture for submission to the teacher.

Words need to define? Tangible – easily seen or recognized, able to be touched or felt Intangible – not made of physical substance: not able to be touched: not tangible Heritage – the traditions, achievements, beliefs, that are part of history of a group or nation Threats – the possibility that something bad or harmful could happen

Assessment: Reflective essay (100 words) Directions: You are going to write a reflective essay on the threats of tangible

and intangible heritage based on your trip experience. Write in A4 size bond paper.

Rubrics:

Relevance to the topic ----------------15 Thoughts and Ideas -------------------15 Total 30 pts.

18

SUMMARY

Each society differ from one another when it comes to culture. People that make up a society usually share a common culture like language, traditions, beliefs, laws, customs, and may use the same technologies. The shared culture will defined that society, it will be the basis of the kind of society whom they lived. To ensure that members of the society will behave appropriately there should be rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores so that there will be a peaceful and harmonious living, thus members are felt secured and will continue to find ways to survive. It should also be noted that there’s no such superior or inferior culture because the people living in a society will definitely adopt themselves to the kind of society whom they belonged in order for them that they can survived and continue living away from any danger and famine.

18

SUMMARY

Each society differ from one another when it comes to culture. People that make up a society usually share a common culture like language, traditions, beliefs, laws, customs, and may use the same technologies. The shared culture will defined that society, it will be the basis of the kind of society whom they lived. To ensure that members of the society will behave appropriately there should be rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores so that there will be a peaceful and harmonious living, thus members are felt secured and will continue to find ways to survive. It should also be noted that there’s no such superior or inferior culture because the people living in a society will definitely adopt themselves to the kind of society whom they belonged in order for them that they can survived and continue living away from any danger and famine.

19

Assessment

Directions: Read carefully and write the correct answer on your notebook.

____ 1. It is a study that focus in society. a. Anthropology b. Society c. Sociology d. Zoology ____ 2. It refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries. a. Society b. Culture c. Politics d. Community ____ 3. A belief that all cultures as equally complex. a. Cultural Relativism b. Ethnocentrism c. Folkways d. Essentialism ____ 4. It is called the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour. a. Anthropology b. History c. Sociology d. Psychology ____ 5. Which of the following are not examples of material culture? a. Tools b. Economic Goods c. Attitudes d. Vehicles






20

GLOSSARY

Anthropology

- study man in his entirely - is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of mankind,

his works, his body, his behaviour and values, in time and space (Palipis, 2007 p. 6). Also, it includes man’s physical, social, and cultural development that describes and explains the phenomenon of human life. In short, anthropology studies man and analyses his behaviour as a member of society

Beliefs – the perception of accepted reality

Culture - is a composite or multifarious areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society

Knowledge – refers to any information received and perceived to be true

Politics - any activity involving human beings associated together in relationship of power and authority where conflicts occurs means compromises, but these compromises “ must in some sense be creative of future benefits --- that each exists for a future purpose.” Or at least, some purpose, like “ enabling orderly government to be carried on at all.”

Reality - refers to the existence of things whether material or non-material


Society – refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries. Society should have rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behaviour among members. Thus, every society is unique in terms of culture

Sociology - focus study is society - is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour. It analyses human interaction which is essential in understanding man’s cultural make- up. It may focus its attention on all kinds of social interactions: social arts, social relationships, social organization, social structures, and social processes

20

GLOSSARY

Anthropology

- study man in his entirely - is the branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of mankind,

his works, his body, his behaviour and values, in time and space (Palipis, 2007 p. 6). Also, it includes man’s physical, social, and cultural development that describes and explains the phenomenon of human life. In short, anthropology studies man and analyses his behaviour as a member of society

Beliefs – the perception of accepted reality

Culture - is a composite or multifarious areas that comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society

Knowledge – refers to any information received and perceived to be true

Politics - any activity involving human beings associated together in relationship of power and authority where conflicts occurs means compromises, but these compromises “ must in some sense be creative of future benefits --- that each exists for a future purpose.” Or at least, some purpose, like “ enabling orderly government to be carried on at all.”

Reality - refers to the existence of things whether material or non-material


Society – refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within a defined territorial boundaries. Society should have rules of conduct, customs, traditions, folkways and mores, and expectations that ensure appropriate behaviour among members. Thus, every society is unique in terms of culture

Sociology - focus study is society - is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behaviour. It analyses human interaction which is essential in understanding man’s cultural make- up. It may focus its attention on all kinds of social interactions: social arts, social relationships, social organization, social structures, and social processes

21

Answer Key

Pre Test/Post Test 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. D

10. C

Activity 1.2 p. 5 Culture Imagi-hibit!

Activity 2.1 p. 11 Fill It!

Visible Non-Visible 1. Food Food 2. Ethics Ethics 3. Festivals Festival 4. Beliefs Beliefs 5. Values Values

Tangible Intangible 1. A reincarnation belief / 2. House and lot / 3. Suffrage / 4. Rizal’s Monument / 5. Democracy /

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REFERENCES Books

Czarina Saloma, Anne Lan Candelaria and Jose Jowel Canuday “Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.” (DepEd 2016) Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero and Arnel M. Peralta Consultant: Adelina A. Sebastian “Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.” (Educational Resources Corporation 2016) Francisco M. Zulueta and Elda M. Maglaya “Foundations of Education.” (National Bookstore 2005) Gerry M. Lanuza and Sarah S. Raymundo “Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.” (Rex Book Store 2016)

Websites

https://www.collinsdictionary.com https://www.britannica.com https://merriam.webster.com https://www.googleimages.com

https://www.google.com/search?q=ethnocentrism&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiX1vyHzYnnAhUOFogKHRYmC3wQ_AUoAXoECBEQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=B_YU6deNmn9f7M:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qR8hXpCSCMeB-QbIpIy4Dw&q=cultural+relativism+pictures&oq=cultural+relativism+&gs_l=img.1.4.0l10.880.880..4783...0.0..1.314.719.0j1j1j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i8i30j0i24.TxX22I4o9wI#imgrc=fQ3zNXfl8TcJ6M:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qR8hXpCSCMeB-QbIpIy4Dw&q=cultural+relativism+pictures&oq=cultural+relativism+&gs_l=img.1.4.0l10.880.880..4783...0.0..1.314.719.0j1j1j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i8i30j0i24.TxX22I4o9wI#imgrc=Rji33pyfx0yrNM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qCAhXtnZA47bhwOJs5vQBw&q=k+to+12+curriculum&oq=K+to+12&gs_l=img.1.1.0l10.29863.35383..37658...0.0..0.874.3050.0j3j1j1j0j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67j0i7i30j0i24.77_8yDA64CY#imgrc=MXj1sW0cBSSt8M:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=zyAhXrPoKoj3hwPXoq3gDg&q=annulment&oq=annulment&gs_l=img.3..0l10.141888.144730..150157...0.0..0.474.3465.0j2j4j1j4......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67j0i131.QVv6m8UCGnA&ved=0ahUKEwjzi6X3z4nnAhWI-2EKHVdRC-wQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=FEmoOjyjM3uyqM:

https://www.google.com/search?q=ethnocentric+views+example&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiajYmD-tzfAhWEFYgKHQ5hD1oQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=H4AiBY8YC6i4NM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=6Wo1XI__Moza8QWOg6zQCg&q=cultural+relativism+example&oq=cultural+relativism&gs_l=img.1.1.0i67j0l9.221241.221241..224419...0.0..0.169.169.0j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.uvfD5Vv4_H0#imgrc=ndzgXdsioAcHpM:

https://www.google.com/search?q=questions+about+ethnocentrism+vs.+cultural+relativism&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CST5zj_1Hr3sxIjhtExSYTk6Ow25xREkcSby0KrtUs4Msd4ywxnNqdD6JmEy56dbHLSLAutSPZPAB2vRZcHRxW0cJryoSCW0TFJhOTo7DER-zvWmrpBwbKhIJbnFESRxJvLQRV0M7D1iX22gqEgkqu1Szgyx3jBGdFTAFjRcFLyoSCbDGc2p0PomYEduN00dC39eUKhIJTLnp1sctIsARKcsznraYAmcqEgm61I9k8AHa9BEqUamo_1dECtioSCVlwdHFb

22

REFERENCES Books

Czarina Saloma, Anne Lan Candelaria and Jose Jowel Canuday “Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.” (DepEd 2016) Ederlina D. Baleña, Dolores M. Lucero and Arnel M. Peralta Consultant: Adelina A. Sebastian “Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.” (Educational Resources Corporation 2016) Francisco M. Zulueta and Elda M. Maglaya “Foundations of Education.” (National Bookstore 2005) Gerry M. Lanuza and Sarah S. Raymundo “Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.” (Rex Book Store 2016)

Websites

https://www.collinsdictionary.com https://www.britannica.com https://merriam.webster.com https://www.googleimages.com

https://www.google.com/search?q=ethnocentrism&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiX1vyHzYnnAhUOFogKHRYmC3wQ_AUoAXoECBEQAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=B_YU6deNmn9f7M:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qR8hXpCSCMeB-QbIpIy4Dw&q=cultural+relativism+pictures&oq=cultural+relativism+&gs_l=img.1.4.0l10.880.880..4783...0.0..1.314.719.0j1j1j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i8i30j0i24.TxX22I4o9wI#imgrc=fQ3zNXfl8TcJ6M:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qR8hXpCSCMeB-QbIpIy4Dw&q=cultural+relativism+pictures&oq=cultural+relativism+&gs_l=img.1.4.0l10.880.880..4783...0.0..1.314.719.0j1j1j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i8i30j0i24.TxX22I4o9wI#imgrc=Rji33pyfx0yrNM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qCAhXtnZA47bhwOJs5vQBw&q=k+to+12+curriculum&oq=K+to+12&gs_l=img.1.1.0l10.29863.35383..37658...0.0..0.874.3050.0j3j1j1j0j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67j0i7i30j0i24.77_8yDA64CY#imgrc=MXj1sW0cBSSt8M:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=zyAhXrPoKoj3hwPXoq3gDg&q=annulment&oq=annulment&gs_l=img.3..0l10.141888.144730..150157...0.0..0.474.3465.0j2j4j1j4......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67j0i131.QVv6m8UCGnA&ved=0ahUKEwjzi6X3z4nnAhWI-2EKHVdRC-wQ4dUDCAc&uact=5#imgrc=FEmoOjyjM3uyqM:

https://www.google.com/search?q=ethnocentric+views+example&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiajYmD-tzfAhWEFYgKHQ5hD1oQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=H4AiBY8YC6i4NM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=6Wo1XI__Moza8QWOg6zQCg&q=cultural+relativism+example&oq=cultural+relativism&gs_l=img.1.1.0i67j0l9.221241.221241..224419...0.0..0.169.169.0j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.uvfD5Vv4_H0#imgrc=ndzgXdsioAcHpM:

https://www.google.com/search?q=questions+about+ethnocentrism+vs.+cultural+relativism&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CST5zj_1Hr3sxIjhtExSYTk6Ow25xREkcSby0KrtUs4Msd4ywxnNqdD6JmEy56dbHLSLAutSPZPAB2vRZcHRxW0cJryoSCW0TFJhOTo7DER-zvWmrpBwbKhIJbnFESRxJvLQRV0M7D1iX22gqEgkqu1Szgyx3jBGdFTAFjRcFLyoSCbDGc2p0PomYEduN00dC39eUKhIJTLnp1sctIsARKcsznraYAmcqEgm61I9k8AHa9BEqUamo_1dECtioSCVlwdHFb

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RwmvEULM0c-EDkqL&tbo=u&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi67tWQ4d_fAhULybwKHeXdBBUQ9C96BAgBEBg&biw=1366&bih=657&dpr=1#imgrc=-mEOt8urJxkZZM:

https://www.google.com/search?q=primitive+society+and+modern+society&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjL15Kk3ubeAhXMS7wKHb7rBXMQ_AUIDigB&biw

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=Y_j1W-tnkca9BMWRnbgJ&q=urban+society+in+the+philippines&oq=urban+society+in+the+phil

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=X_n1W9KuDcrVvgTV9prwCg&q=rural+society+in+the+philippines&oq=rural+society+in+the+ph

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=wQv2W7HRO8rWvASNkquwBA&q=bahay+sa+probinsya&oq=bahay+sa&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.18208

https://www.google.com/search?q=condo+unit+sa+tagig&tbm=isch&tbs=rimg:CfqVMBLNNbQZIjjsloVOdNZNbyw4Sxq40g5O4wxzgwujA0HmA4gXksXWcJLetQ_1oKqEK0XCs

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=PA_2W9itNIuNvQSDz4fYAQ&q=+shoppers+in+ayala+malls&oq=+shoppers+in+ayala+malls&gs

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=QBD2W7zFCcKDvQT_u7ioDw&q=rural+shoppers&oq=rural+shoppers&gs_l=img.3...55877.59476.

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=QBP2W675MYvSvwSOl53QCw&q=example+of+kakanin+foods+in+the+philippines&oq=exampl

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=d1ktXObyJcqBoASW2a3YAg&q=pagtutuli+ng+lalaki+to+medical+circumcision&oq=pagtutuli+n

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=d1ktXObyJcqBoASW2a3YAg&q=pagtutuli+ng+lalaki+to+medical+circumcision&oq=pagtutuli+ng

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=MWItXN-HAYPy8QW1p66gBQ&q=facebooking&oq=facebooking&gs_l=img.3..0j0i5i30l2j0i24l7.4

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=4mMtXNz2DsX48gXEhZjIBg&q=filipino+watching+tv&oq=filipino+watching+&gs_l=img.1.0.0j0i8

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=4mMtXNz2DsX48gXEhZjIBg&q=filipino+watching+tv&oq=filipino+watching+&gs_l=img.1.0.0j0i8

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=yGMtXOTrLcL98QXw_bXYBw&q=filipino+watching+korean+teleserye%2Blove+from+the+star&oq

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=lGktXLCpN8GD8gX98qnoCA&q=example+of+paterned+social+interaction&oq=example+of+pat

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=lmstXP6LO5bq8wXznoqQCg&q=example+of+words+in+different+dialects+in+the+philippines&o

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=lmstXP6LO5bq8wXznoqQCg&q=example+of+words+in+different+dialects+in+the+philippines&

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=lmstXP6LO5bq8wXznoqQCg&q=example+of+words+in+different+dialects+in+the+philippines&

https://www.google.com/search?q=philippine+flag&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj5keXV-9LfAhXFyLwKHQzLA7gQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=R

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=mLYuXLWgFon68gWN5rjABw&q=different+dances+in+the+philippines&oq=different+dances&g

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=ybYuXKSdBYmu8QXzgpuQBA&q=different+tribe+dances+in+the+philippines&oq=different+tribe

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=KrcuXPzJAsmd8QWN24_oDQ&q=kto12+curriculum&oq=kto12+curriculum&gs_l=img.3..0i10i24l4

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=37cuXNXBJ8mK8gXNsI_ADA&q=japanese+food+sushe&oq=japanese+food+sushe&gs_l=img.3...1

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https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=N7guXJmoK8aX8wWXiaaICg&q=soccer+sports+in+filipino+azcals&oq=soccer+sports+in+filipino

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=RLguXK74Ocem8QXO0buIDA&q=christmas+holidays&oq=christmas+holidays&gs_l=img.3..0l10.62581.69853..70195...0.0..0.418.2801.0j16j1j0j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67j0i10i67.uE81vcePrYs#imgrc=L0WCGluCN7nAZM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=jbguXLS6CoGZ8gWY7KvYCQ&q=hug&oq=hug&gs_l=img.3..0i67j0l3j0i67j0l2j0i67j0l2.56173.57337

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=ybguXNfNA4qt8QXlva8I&q=japanese+respect&oq=japanese+respect&gs_l=img.3..0l3j0i8i30l5j0i24l2.154830.160623..160885...0.0..0.163.1971.2j14......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67.BEWa26vthys#imgrc=Tr5tS627tPc7uM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=a7kuXMukNYKD8wXDprP4Bw&q=migration&oq=migration&gs_l=img.3..0l10.156165.158471..158695...0.0..0.184.1403.0j9......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67.kX8pJYLhja0#imgrc=DlXvqAFL1fU0QM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=KLsuXNafBMSR8gXW2bFg&q=divorce+vs+annulment&oq=divorce+vs+annulment&gs_l=img.3..0j0i24l9.30061.37854..38427...0.0..0.349.3313.0j18j1j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67j0i5i30j0i8i30.Bz2aUYaPVao#imgrc=1vtNpytxJQ2UIM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=ULsuXMvpHZfo8wX52bnACA&q=annulment&oq=annulment&gs_l=img.3..0l4j0i67j0l5.112590.112590..113019...0.0..0.174.174.0j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.VJzR5J6X8BQ#imgrc=rnJbBddBsd-S6M:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=w7suXPvtJoWl8AW_oISwCw&q=democracy&oq=democracy&gs_l=img.3..0l10.86977.89878..91185...0.0..0.173.1172.0j9......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0..0i67.6Sh4QASVOQ4#imgrc=WPsTYh2UEIJHjM:

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=608&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=IbwuXNWnB8r88AXUr5X4DQ&q=trade&oq=trade&gs_l=img.3..0i67l3j0j0i67j0l5.35140.37175..37493...0.0..0.207.641.0j3j1......0....1..gws-wiz-img.....0.-qOp6YFPnAo#imgrc=T9WOZ8Z05B_i2M:

https://www.google.com/search?q=culture&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwilnYizpo_hAhVQ6bwKHaOCDRAQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=xzwez6J0fC0G

https://www.google.com/search?biw=1366&bih=657&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=XnORXMDrAoOdhwPf6qVQ&q=society&oq=society&gs_l=img.1.0.0i67l2j0j0i67l2j0j0i67j0j0i67j0.82143

understanding culture, society and politics · society (zulueta & maglaya, 2005 p.50). lastly,...

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