understanding and mitigating the impacts of altered temperature and precipitation regimes on the...
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Understanding and mitigating the impacts of altered temperature and precipitation regimes on the function and biodiversity
of rangeland communities
April 15th, 2008
Stakeholders Meeting
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Objectives of Today
Introduce researchers, supporting organizations, stakeholders, and other interested parties
Provide an overview of project objectives, progress to date, and future goals.
Exchange ideas between stakeholders and research team
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Project Objectives
Understand how linkages between aspects of climate change and native rangeland ecology.
Use this information to develop management suggestions to mitigate the negative aspects of climate change in these systems.
Disseminate this information amongst stakeholders, the research community, and other interested parties
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Research Team
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Understanding Interactions
Precipitation Warming
Rising CO2 GrazingCarbon Sequestration?
Forage Production?
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Experimental Design
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Field Sites
Kinsella, ABPFRA GAP Community Pasture, SK
Riding Mountain NP, MB
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Warming Treatment
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Precipitation
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Defoliation
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0 20cm
SoilRespiration
Collar
Radiation Shields
1 3
2
PRS Probes
PRS Probes
PRS Probes
PRS Probes
Environmental Monitoring
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Vegetation Sampling (Non-Destructive)
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Vegetation Sampling (Aboveground)
Biomass Calibration HarvestDefoliation
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Vegetation Sampling (Belowground)
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Soil Chemistry Sampling
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Microbial Respiration
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Invertebrate Sampling
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Additions - 2008
+75% precipitation addition treatment Minirhizotron imaging
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Here come the grad students!
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Shannon White
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Introduction
Little research has explored the effects of climate change and grazing on vegetation in temperature grasslands
Critical for land managers
Following a disturbance, seed bank and seed rain influences may become important factors in the formation of plant communities
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Research Questions
1) How will climate change (temperature and precipitation) interact with defoliation to alter primary production and associated forage quality in northern temperate grasslands?
2) How will these changes cause shifts in plant community composition and range health?
3) How will these changes alter the community reproductive output?
4) What role will current year seed rain, versus seed bank, play in population dynamics?
5) How will these changes alter subsequent germination and recruitment?
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Methods
1) Primary production and forage quality
2) Community composition and range health
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Methods
3) Reproductive output
4) Seed rain, versus seed bank
5) Germination and recruitment
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Questions?
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Samson Nyanumba
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Education:
University of Nairobi (Kenya)
Ben Gurion University of the Negev (Israel)
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Litter decomposition and, Carbon and Nitrogen flux
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29
Decomposition of litter (including root litter) contribute approximately 70% to the total annual carbon flux
Climate
Soil organisms
Litter decompositionLitter quality
(1)
(3) (2)
Climate > Litter quality > Soil organisms
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30
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Research questions
1. Do climate effects and defoliation interact to affect litter decomposition, and belowground carbon storage?
2. How do rates of soil flux (e.g. N mineralization) change in response to defoliation and climate effects?
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Behnaz Attaeian
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Biological Fingerprints of Climate Change and
Grazing Management on Carbon and Nitrogen
Cycling
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1- How warming, precipitation and defoliation would affect composition and function of soil microbial community in rough fescue grassland?
2- How warming, precipitation and defoliation regulate in situ soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in rough fescue grassland?
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1- Soil properties 1- Soil properties 2- Rangeland 2- Rangeland productivityproductivity3- Rangeland health3- Rangeland health4- Environmental 4- Environmental policies: policies: carbon tradingcarbon trading
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"We accept the views of most "We accept the views of most scientists that enough is known scientists that enough is known about the science and about the science and environmental impacts of climate environmental impacts of climate change for us to take actions to change for us to take actions to address its consequences."address its consequences."Business Environmental Leadership Council, Pew Center on Business Environmental Leadership Council, Pew Center on Global Climate ChangeGlobal Climate Change
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Jeffrey Newton
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Sint Maarten?
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Education
Wageningen University (Netherlands)
Dutch Ecological Institute (NIOO)
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Research question
What is the effect of climate change on (rangeland) soil arthropod communities?
Microbivore Predator Fungivore
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Soil Critters
•Species richness to date: 40 RRTU’s out of <1600 individuals
•Abundance e.g. Fescue grassland (Stavely, AB) Mites: 426,000/ m^2 (0-8cm depth) Springtails: 6,000/ m^2 (0-8cm depth)
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•Organic C (detritus) decomposition
•Temporary nutrient storage
•Fungal propagule dispersers
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Field Sites – AB (Kinsella)
240 mm precipitation during field season (May-Oct)
32 vascular plant spp.
Agropyron smithii, Stipa curtiseta dominant grasses (Carex spp. also abundant)
Artemisia frigida, Oxytropis campestris most common forbs
Koeleria macrantha, Festuca hallii, Bouteloua gracilis also common
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Field Sites – SK (GAP Pasture)
260 mm precipitation during field season (May-Oct)
32 vascular plant spp.
Agropyron smithii, Stipa curtiseta dominant grasses (Carex spp. also abundant)
Artemisia frigida, Sphaeralcea coccinea most common forbs
Bouteloua gracilis, Koeleria macrantha also common
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Field Sites – MB (Riding Mountain)
309 mm precipitation during field season (May-Oct)
44 vascular plant spp.
Poa secunda dominant grass
Galium boreale, Monarda fistulosa most common forbs
Achillea millefolium, Artemisia ludoviciana, Aster laevis, Rosa arkansana, Solidago rigida, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, Thalictrum venulosum, Vicia americana also common
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Air temperature
Air temperature in non-defoliated plots (3 PM)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
May June July August September October
Tem
peratu
re (
deg
rees C
els
ius)
Control
Warm
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Soil temperature
Soil temperature at 3 PM (0-5 cm depth)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Undefol LightDef HeavyDef
Defoliation Treatment
So
il T
em
pera
ture
(°C
)
Control
Warm
Dry
Warm&DrySoil temperature at 3 PM (5-15 cm depth)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Undefol LightDef HeavyDef
Defoliation Treatment
So
il T
emp
erat
ure
(°C
)
Control
Warm
Dry
Warm&Dry
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Soil moisture
Soil Volumetric Water Content (August 2007)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Undefol Lightdef Heavydef
Defoliation Treatment
Vo
lum
etr
ic W
ate
r C
on
ten
t (%
)
Drought, Control
Drought, Warming
Ambient, Control
Ambient, Warming
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Species richness
Species Richness in July 2007
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Undefol L ightDef HeavyDef
Nu
mb
er o
f S
pec
ies
per
4 m
2
C ontrol
Warm
Dry
Warm&Dry
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Shannon-Weiner diversity
Species Diversity in July 2007
1.85
1.9
1.95
2
2.05
2.1
2.15
Undefol L ightDef HeavyDef
Nu
mb
er o
f S
pec
ies
per
4 m
2
C ontrol
Warm
Dry
Warm&Dry
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Range Health in Droughted Plots (July 2007)
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
Nu
mb
er
of
plo
ts i
n c
ate
go
ry
1 - Healthy withP roblems
2 - Healthy
Range health
Range Health in Ambient Precip Plots (July 2007)
0123456789
10
Nu
mb
er
of
plo
ts i
n c
ate
go
ry
1 - Unhealthy
2 - Healthy withP roblems
3 - Healthy
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Total shoot biomass
The effect of defoliation, precipitation, and warming treatments on total live biomass
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Undefol LightDef HeavyDef
Live
bio
mas
s (g
/m²)
Control
Warm
Dry
Warm&Dry
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Graminoid biomass
The effect of defoliation, precipitation, and warming treatments on total graminoid biomass
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Undefol LightDef HeavyDef
Gra
min
oid
biom
ass
(g/m
²)
Control
Warm
Dry
Warm&Dry
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Moss and lichen biomass
The effect of defoliation, precipitation, and warming treatments on moss/lichens biomass
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
Undefol LightDef HeavyDef
Biom
ass
(g/m
²)
Control
Warm
Dry
Warm&Dry
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Total soil N
Total nitrogen for mid-June to mid-July burial period
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Undefol LightDef HeavyDef
Tota
l nitr
ogen (µ
g/1
0cm
2/b
urial l
ength
)
Control
Warm
Dry
Warm&Dry
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Soil organisms
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Communication efforts to date
Webpage is launched– http://climate.biology.ualberta.ca
Reports written for SRD, and are publicly available
Talks at SRM, Agronomy update, upcoming soil science.
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climate.biology.ualberta.ca
Goals for website:
1) Public outreach
2) Communication portal
3) Internal uses
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climate.biology.ualberta.ca
1) Public outreach
– Hello world!– General goals/research questions– Introduce researchers– Results!
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climate.biology.ualberta.ca
1) Communication portal– Questions about project– Contact information, websites of individual
researchers
2) Internal use– Data/file storage and transfer
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climate.biology.ualberta.ca
Increasing visibility:1) Biological Sciences dept. webpage link2) Google/Yahoo
– General searches– Directories
3) Links from other pages– Supporting organizations– Feedback to Google ranking
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climate.biology.ualberta.ca
Measuring effectiveness:
1) Active feedback– Email
2) Passive feedback– StatCounter.com
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NSERC Reporting Requirments
Progress Report– Prepared by PIs– Due to NSERC, and stakeholders, June 30th
Comments on report– Prepared by participating organizations– Due directly to NSERC July 15th
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Comments by Supporting Organizations
i) the amount and type of interaction their organization has had with the academic members and trainees working on the project;
ii) the progress achieved toward the project's objectives;
iii) the level of support committed (cash and/or in-kind, if applicable) as indicated in the original proposal;
iv) the significance and usefulness of the results (advancement of knowledge, technology transfer) to their organization;
v) their satisfaction with the overall direction of the research;
vi) their efforts towards exploiting the research results.
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The future
Gearing up for year 2! Ongoing studies
– Funding options
Communication– Field day– Email updates– Meetings