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Under the Abbasids- Muslim Golden ageo Incorporated all people who lie under Muslim rule, incl. Jews and

Christianso Scholars

Social/Economico Blend of traditionso Merchants honored b/c Muhammad had been a merchanto Network of trade

Camel caravans ships of desert MerchantsChina & = link for trade b/w East Asia and

Europeo Trade spreads products, technologies, ideas, etc

Muslim merchants - Indian # system W Arabic numerals

Sugar from India, papermaking from Chinao $new business practices

Used credit, formed banks to change currency, bank checks Sakkcheck

o Manufactured goods= valued Guilds

Heads regulated prices, weights, measures, methods,and quality

Labor by workerso Agriculture

Preserve agri. Land Small farms face scarcity of water

Irrigation Tigris and Euphrates Nomads and farmers

Meat , etc. from nomad, grains from farmerso Social Structure and Slavery

Social mobility- ability to social class Religious, scholarly, military achievements

Slavery Islamic law encouraged freeing of slaves From conquered lands; could buy freedom Relationship w/ masterfreedom

Abbasid caliphsclass of Turkish slave soldiers who wereloyalcaliph

Educated couldgovt, like becoming vizier Set stage for Turkspowerful

Muslim Art, Lit, and Architectureo Quaran

Forbidden to portray god or human figures in art, givingdistinctive style

o Poetry

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Important themes- chivalry and romance of nomadic life Persians Firdawsi- wrote in Persian using Arabic script

Shah Namah- book of kings, history of Persia Omar Khayym- The Rubiyt, fate and nature

Stories adapted from many cultures The Thousand and One Nights- princesses, romances,anecdotes

o Religious Buildings Domed mosques, minarets Adapted from Byzantine

Domes and arches Walls decorated with patterns Calligraphy- the art of handwriting

o Non-Religious Art Human and animals

Muslims Seek Knowledgeo Muhammads respect for learning Muslim people

Elementary education for childreno Centers of Learning

Baaghdad= center of learning Libraries

o Philosophy and History Translated work of Greek philosophers & Hindu & Buddhist

texts Ibn Rushd- put all knowledge except the Quaran to the test of

reason Ibn Khaldun- set standards for the scientific study of history

Economics and social structures as causes of events Warned about common errors in historical accounts

o Mathematics Al-Khwarizimi-algebra, wrote book Latinstandard

textbook in Europeo Medicine

Caliphs, physicians, and pharmacists had to pass a test Govthospitals Muhammad al-Razi- head physician at Baghdads chief

hostpital

Measles and smallpox Treat mind well

IbnSina- Persian physician. Canon on Medicine(encyclopediaon what he, Greeks, and Arabs learned about diseases)

Surgeons- develop way to treat cataracts Mix medicine w/ sweet things Important