UnUn repasorepaso dede

ESPAÑOL IESPAÑOL I

La gramáticaLa gramáticaPresent tense verbs (Present tense verbs (ARAR, , ERER, ,

IRIR))Definite & Indefinite ArticlesDefinite & Indefinite ArticlesPersonal APersonal AIrregular VerbsIrregular VerbsSer vs. EstarSer vs. Estar

La gramática (cont)La gramática (cont)PossessivesPossessivesAgreementAgreementPresent ProgressivePresent ProgressiveCommands (+ tú)Commands (+ tú)

– 8 irregulars!8 irregulars!DOPDOPIOPIOP

¡Vamos!¡Vamos!

How do you conjugate regular How do you conjugate regular arar, , erer, , and and irir verbs? verbs?

HABLARHABLAR COMERCOMER ESCRIBIRESCRIBIR

Definite ArticlesDefinite Articles

Definite articles Definite articles mean “the” and mean “the” and are SPECIFIC. are SPECIFIC. (ie: “the” boy, (ie: “the” boy, “the” girl…)“the” girl…)

What are they in What are they in Spanish?Spanish?

Masc.Masc.

SingularSingularFem. Fem.

SingularSingular

Masc.Masc.

PluralPluralFem.Fem.

PluralPlural

For masculine For masculine objects, use “el” objects, use “el” or “los” if the or “los” if the object is plural.object is plural.

For feminine For feminine objects, use “la” objects, use “la” or “las” if the or “las” if the object is plural.object is plural.

Indefinite ArticlesIndefinite Articles

Indefinite Indefinite articles mean articles mean “a,” “an,” or “a,” “an,” or “some” and are “some” and are NON-SPECIFIC. NON-SPECIFIC. (ie: a horse, some (ie: a horse, some sports)sports)

What are they What are they in Spanish?in Spanish?

Masc.Masc.

SingularSingularFem. Fem.

SingularSingular

Masc.Masc.

PluralPluralFem.Fem.

PluralPlural

For masculine For masculine objects, use objects, use “un” or “unos” “un” or “unos” if the object is if the object is plural.plural.

For feminine For feminine objects, use objects, use “una” or “una” or “unas” if the “unas” if the object is object is plural.plural.

Personal “A”Personal “A”

The “personal a” is used to The “personal a” is used to separate a verb from a subject separate a verb from a subject when the subject is:when the subject is:

A personA personAn important animalAn important animal

Irregular VerbsIrregular Verbs

The ONLY verb that does NOT take The ONLY verb that does NOT take the “personal a” is TENER.the “personal a” is TENER.

Yo tengo a dos hermanas simpáticas.Yo tengo a dos hermanas simpáticas.

tengotengo tenemostenemos

tienestienes tenéistenéis

tienetiene tienentienen

Conjugate the following verbs:Conjugate the following verbs:

SerSer vs. vs. EstarEstar

What are the What are the differences differences between between serser and and estarestar??

When do you When do you use each?use each?

“To be or not to be? That is the question!”

Reasons to use…Reasons to use…

1.1. __________________________ 1. 1. ____________________________________

2.2. __________________________ 2. 2. ____________________________________

3.3. __________________________ 3. 3. ____________________________________

Possessives Possessives

What is a possessive adjective?________________________________________________________________.

Mi (s)Mi (s) Nuestro (s)Nuestro (s)

Nuestra (s)Nuestra (s)

Tu (s)Tu (s)

Su (s)Su (s) Su (s)Su (s)

¡Son mis

dulces! ¡Los

quiero!

AgreementAgreementNouns and adjectives must agree in ________ and in _________.

Present ProgressivePresent Progressive

1.1. CONJUGATE CONJUGATE ESTAR TO AGREE ESTAR TO AGREE WITH YOUR WITH YOUR SUBJECT.SUBJECT.

3.3. ADD THE ADD THE PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE ENDING!ENDING!

ARARANDOANDO

ER/IR ER/IR IENDO IENDO

2.2. TAKE THE 2TAKE THE 2NDND VERB AND CUT VERB AND CUT OFF THE “AR,” OFF THE “AR,” “ER,” OR “IR.”“ER,” OR “IR.”

Let’s try it!Let’s try it! I am walking I am walking (Yo) estoy (Yo) estoy

camincaminandoando..

We are playing football. We are playing football. (Nosotros) estamos jug(Nosotros) estamos jugandoando al al futbol americano.futbol americano.

La Srta. Albright is talking. La Srta. Albright is talking. __________________________.__________________________.

Affirmative “tú” CommandsAffirmative “tú” Commands¡Dime la verdad!

Escribe, por

favor.

¡Escuch

a la

música!

¡Patina conmigo!

How to Form a Command:How to Form a Command:

Take the “él, ella, Vd.” form of Take the “él, ella, Vd.” form of the verb.the verb.

MandatoMandato– ComerComer Timoteo Timoteo comecome helado. helado. ¡Come!¡Come!– EsquiarEsquiar A él le gusta esquíar. A él le gusta esquíar. ¡Esquía!¡Esquía!– EscribirEscribir Ella escribe en alemén. Ella escribe en alemén.

¡Escribe!¡Escribe!

8 Irregulars8 Irregulars

There are 8 There are 8 irregular “tú” irregular “tú” commands that commands that you MUST you MUST memorize!memorize!

DecirDecir DiDiSalirSalir SalSalIrIr VeVeSerSer SéSéHacerHacer HazHazTenerTener TenTenVenirVenir VenVenPonerPoner PonPon

Direct Object PronounsDirect Object Pronouns

DOPs answer 2 DOPs answer 2 questions:questions:

1. Who?1. Who?

2. What?2. What?

In a sentence, In a sentence, always always UNDERLINEUNDERLINE the the DOP!DOP!

MeMe NosNos

TeTe

Lo, LaLo, La Los, LasLos, Las

Do you remember the DOPs? Here they are!!

Where to Put Pronouns:Where to Put Pronouns:

3 Steps to Find the DOP:3 Steps to Find the DOP:

Step 1Step 1: Underline the subject.: Underline the subject.

Step 2Step 2: Replace subject with the : Replace subject with the appropriate DOP.appropriate DOP.

Step 3Step 3: Rewrite the sentence.: Rewrite the sentence.

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!

Luisa tiene un muñeco de peluche.

(Pregunta: ¿Qué tiene Luisa?)

(Contesta: Un muneco de peluche.)

Luisa lo tiene.

La doctora está ayudando al niño.

(P: ¿La doctora ayuda a quién?)

(C: Al niño.)

La doctora lo está ayudando.

La doctora está ayudándolo.

Indirect Object PronounsIndirect Object Pronouns

IOPs answer 2 IOPs answer 2 questions:questions:

1. 1. To whom?To whom?

2. For whom?2. For whom?

In a sentence, In a sentence, always CIRCLE always CIRCLE the IOP!the IOP!

MeMe NosNos

TeTe

LeLe LesLes

Do you remember the

IOPs? Here they are!!

3 Steps to Find the IOP:3 Steps to Find the IOP:

Step 1Step 1: Circle the subject.: Circle the subject.

Step 2Step 2: Replace subject with the : Replace subject with the appropriate IOP.appropriate IOP.

Step 3Step 3: Rewrite the sentence.: Rewrite the sentence.

Let’s Practice!Let’s Practice!

A ellosA ellos

Mi novio llama a mí todos los días.

(Pregunta: ¿Mi novio llama a quién?)

(Contesta: )

Mi novio me llama.

Yo estoy escribiendo a mis abuelos en California.

(P: ¿Yo escribo a quién en California?)

(C: )

Les estoy escribiendo.

Estoy escribiéndoles.

A mí.A mí.

IOP & DOPIOP & DOP

When using a DOP and an IOP, which ALWAYS

goes first?

I’m not

sure.

What

do you

guys

think???

THE IOP!!!!THE IOP!!!!Una regla importante: You learned in Spanish I that you CAN NOT have lela, lesla, etc. because of the double “l” sound. You would need to replace the “le” with ___.

Let’s try it!!Let’s try it!! 1. Mi amiga compra el regalo para mí.

Step 1: Underline the DOP.

Step 2: Circle the IOP.

Step 3: Rewrite the sentence putting the IOP first!

Mi amiga lo compra.

What does this mean in English?

meme

2. Mis padres dan el dinero a nosotros.2. Mis padres dan el dinero a nosotros.

3. Ricardo contesta la pregunta para 3. Ricardo contesta la pregunta para mí.mí.

4. María hace la cama para su 4. María hace la cama para su hermana.hermana.

Don’t forget the 3 steps!

¡El fin!¡El fin!