ultrasound ndt of drilled holes using 2d array system
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Ultrasound NDT of Drilled Holes using 2D Array System
58th Annual A4A NDT Forum - 2015 Fort LauderdaleEskil Skoglund - Head of Development
DolphiTech
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Drilled Holes in Aircrafts
Tens of thousands drilled holes in a large aircrafts!
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Challenges & Effects - Drilling Holes in CFRP
Hole Entrance
Hole Exit
1: Image: L. M. P. Durão, A. G. Magalhães, João Manuel R. S. Tavares, A. Torres Marques, Delamination analysis after carbon/epoxy plate drilling
• Peel-Up & Push-Out Delamination• Intralaminar Cracking (Vertical)• Fiber Debonding (Horizontal)• Thermal Damage
1
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Drilled Hole Inspection Methods
• Visual Inspection & Borescope
• Single Probe Ultrasound (A-scan)
• Daisy Array UT - Circular Array (A-,B-scan)
• PAUT - Linear Array w/ encoder (A-, B-, C-scan)
• PAUT– Linear Array Rolling Probe (A-, B-, C-scan)
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Matrix / 2D-Array System
DolphiCam• Ultrasound Camera for NDT of CFRP• Matrix/2D Array – 15.376 elements• Dry Coupling• A-, B-, C-Scan & 3D• Easily operated by non-experts
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Drilled Hole Image
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Dry Coupling
Benefits:
- Easy & fast coupling!
- Nothing to clean up!
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Matrix / 2D-Array SystemPitch
10 mil
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Matrix / 2D Array
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Qualification of NDT on Drilled Hole
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NDT Challenges
• Small size - 2x4mm / 80x160 mils• Near surface & near back wall – 2 plies: 0,25mm / 10 mils
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Complex ReflectionsWave length in CFRP: λ =
3000𝑚/𝑠
4 𝑀𝐻𝑧= 𝟎, 𝟕𝟓 𝐦𝐦 𝟑𝟎𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐬
Typically 2 plies = 0,25mm – 0,5mm (10-20 mils)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400A-Scan
Sample Index
Am
plit
ude [
AD
C V
alu
e]
Backwall
Abs(Backwall)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400A-Scan
Sample Index
Am
plit
ude [
AD
C V
alu
e]
Shifted
Abs(Shifted)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400A-Scan
Sample Index
Am
plit
ude [
AD
C V
alu
e]
Backwall+Shifted
Abs(Backwall+Shifted)
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Drilled Hole InspectionRegion of Interest
• Reduces elements from 15376 to 3306
• Fast frame rate to up to 30 FPS
• Very fast user feedback!
• Concentrated area gives even easier complete coupling over the area of interest
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C-scan Time-Of-Flight - Statistical Mode
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C-Scan Amplitude - Running Average
Alpha
Alpha = Forgetful factor
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Measuring Tool
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Drilled Hole AdapterChallenge: Inspect drilled holes with protruding bolt head, disabling coupling to the material
Solution:
Drilled Hole Adapter
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Drilled Hole Adapter - ResultsReference – no bolt head – no adapter:
Bolt head with adapter:
D = 4.8mm (0.19 inches)d = 4.0 mm (0.16 inches)
X= 3.0 mm (0.12inches)
Bolt diamer = 7.5mm (0.3 inches)
«X» = 1.65 mm (0.065 inches)
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Thank You!
Questions?