ultracapacitors and batteries: differences and … · ultracapacitors offer: + power from 1kw to...
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Dr. Sebastian Pohlmann, Head of Cell Development
ULTRACAPACITORS AND BATTERIES:
DIFFERENCES AND SYNERGIES
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ULTRACAPACITORS: TECHNOLOGY
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Lithium Ion Battery Skeleton Ultracapacitor
Porous carbons are derived from coconut industry waste
MaterialsWhat is in a battery, what is in an Ultracapacitor?
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Lithium Ion Battery Skeleton Ultracapacitor
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Electrolyte
+-
+-
+-+
-+ -
+-
++++++++
Graphite Metal Oxide
Charge Discharge
• Li-Ions move freely from Graphite into metal oxides
Charges are stored in the bulk material Charges are stored on material’s surface
Energy storageWhere is the charge stored?
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Lithium Ion Battery Skeleton Ultracapacitor
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Electrolyte
+
-
+
-+
-
+
-+
- +
-
++++++++
• Static charge build upon surface
• Opposite charge in ionlayer
Graphite Metal Oxide
Charge Discharge
• Li-Ions move freely from Graphite into metal oxides
Charges are stored in the bulk material Charges are stored on material’s surface
Energy storageWhere is the charge stored?
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Lithium Ion Battery Skeleton Ultracapacitor
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Graphite Metal Oxide
Charge Discharge
F=As
V
𝐸max = 0.5𝐶 ⋅ 𝑈𝑚𝑎𝑥2
Capacity is presented in mAh or AhEnergy = Capacity x Voltage
Capacitance is presented in FEnergy = 0.5 x Capacitance x Voltage2
Electrolyte
+
-
+
-+
-
+
-+
- +
-
++++++++
Energy storageCapacity vs. Capacitance
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Lithium Ion Battery Skeleton Ultracapacitor
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Chemical energy storage: High energy density
Steady release of energy limited: Low power density
Lifetime limited by cycles (500 to 5000 cycles)
Stored chemical energy is relatively unsafe
Physical energy storage: Low energy density
Fast release of energy: High power density
Long cycle lifetime (>1,000,000 cycles)
Stored electrostatic energy is safe(r)
CONCLUSIONUltracapacitor vs Lithium-Ion Battery
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ULTRACAPACITORS ARE MOST ECONOMICALFOR HIGH POWER APPLICATIONS BETWEEN 10ms-60s
ULTRACAPACITORS OFFER:
+ POWER FROM 1KW TO 10’s OF MW’s
+ VOLTAGE FROM UNDER 12V TO 1500V
(standard modules and systems, custom systems up to 10kV)
+ INCREASED SAFETY+ NO LITHIUM, COBALT OR NICKEL
→ 10 ms 10 ms – 60 s 60 s →
CAPACITORS ULTRACAPACITORS BATTERIES
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ULTRACAPACITORS ARE MOST ECONOMICALFOR HIGH POWER APPLICATIONS BETWEEN 10ms-60s
ULTRACAPACITORS OFFER:
+ POWER FROM 1KW TO 10’s OF MW’s
+ VOLTAGE FROM UNDER 12V TO 1500V
(standard modules and systems, custom systems up to 10kV)
+ INCREASED SAFETY+ NO LITHIUM, COBALT OR NICKEL
→ 10 ms 10 ms – 60 s 60 s →
CAPACITORS ULTRACAPACITORS BATTERIES
ULTRACAPACITORS COVER
instead of
kWh
MWs
GLOBAL LEADER IN ULTRACAPACITOR-BASED ENERGY STORAGE
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+ Corporate Introduction
FEATURED INNAMED IN WINNER OF
Tallinn, Estonia | Skeleton Technologies OÜGroßröhrsdorf, Germany | Skeleton Technologies GmbH
Leading European Ultracapacitor Manufacturer
German engineering & Estonian IT
+ Industrial scale manufacturing facility+ Ultracapacitor Research & Development center+ Application Engineering+ Electrode Center of Excellence
+ Software development+ Electronics Engineering+ Module & System Development
140+ EmployeesFrom raw material to product design and manufacturing11 Patent Families
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SINGLE CELLS
SYSTEMSINDUSTRIAL MODULES
SkelCap SCA Series
300-3200FIndustrial ultracapacitors
SkelGridUltracapacitor-based
energy storage system
SkelKERSUltracapacitor system
SkelMod 170VUltracapacitor module
SkelStart 12V & 24V Ultracapacitor engine module
SkelGrid OmniUltracapacitor-based
energy storage system
The only full value-chain manufacturer on the market
From single cells to full energy storage systems
ElevatorKERSUltracapacitor system
SkelMod 131VUltracapacitor module
SkelMod 51VUltracapacitor module
SkelMod 102VUltracapacitor module
Custom SkelPacksLaser-welded
ultracapacitor packs
RAW MATERIAL
Curved Graphene
Cells per year
3.5m 400kThe largest ultracapacitorfactory in Europe(Grossröhrsdorf, Germany)
Modules per year
High quality & performance energy storage solutions made in EuropeFully integrated manufacturing
Capacity after current scale-up:
A Qualified Supplier & System ProviderTo Automotive, Grid, Transportation, and Industrial Companies, OEMs & Tier 1s
POWER DENSITY vs COMPETITION
4xLowest ESR on the marketOur competitive advantage
https://www.skeletontech.com/news/skeleton-beats-competitors-in-us-office-of-naval-research-ultracapacitor-testRead the US Navy study:
64,3kW/L
15,6kW/L
Lowest ESR on the marketOur competitive advantage
Lower ESR
Higher energyefficiency
Less thermal losses Less self-heating
Longer lifetimeSmaller systems
Same amount of Ultracapacitor strings
50% less Ultracapacitors neededwhen using Skeleton Ultracapacitors
30% Energy savings
Kinetic Energy Recovery reduces costs and protects infrastructure
Ultracapacitors Electrifying Trams in Germany
34%Fuel consumption decreased by
Use Case – HHLA Port in Muuga, EstoniaKinetic Energy Recovery in Port Cranes
Recharging in seconds enables continuous operationAutomating Intralogistics Shuttles
FOROperation
24/7Lifetime
15+ YEARS
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Fast Frequency Response
Peak Power(overload capacity)
Virtual Inertia
PV RampManagement
Wind RampManagement
Wind Pitch Control
EV Fast Charging
Micro Grid
Backup Power (UPS)
Skeleton offers solutions for a majority of future challengesGrid Applications
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Energy storage systems are often required to cover a wider range of applications• High power applications in the range of
0.1 to 60 s pulses• High energy applications in the range of
1 min to 10 h charge-discharges
Solving all grid challenges at once – at a low costHybridization opportunities
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Lithium Ion Battery sized for energy applicationsUltracapacitor sized for peak power
Lithium Ion Battery –Ultracapacitor Hybrid
Solving all grid challenges at once – at a low costHybridization opportunities
To working with usKey Benefits
+ Fully integrated manufacturing from raw materials to full systems – Skeleton Technologies is the only ultracapacitor energy storage manufacturer in the world with control over the entire manufacturing chain
+ Stringent quality control processes have ensured Skeleton is a qualified supplier to some of the largest OEMs in the world
+ Lean production processes enable fast & cost-effective production ramp-up and short lead times
+ The most modern ultracapacitor factory in the world, located in the heart of Saxony in Germany
+ Chemical storage of energy
+ Limited power density (0.5 kW/kg)
+ High energy density (205 Wh/kg)
+ Limited cycle life (<3000)
+ Slow charge rate (1.5 C)
+ Scarcity of raw materials
+ Difficult to recycle
+ Physical storage of energy
+ High power density (up to 60 kW/kg)
+ Limited energy density (up to 20 Wh/kg)
+ Extreme cycle life (>1 million)
+ Extremely fast charge rate (2000 C)
+ Abundance of raw materials
+ Easy to recycle
Li-ion Batteries use a chemical reaction to store energy
SLOWUltracapacitors use an electric field to store energy
FAST
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Ultracapacitors and BatteriesConclusions
+ Chemical storage of energy
+ Limited power density (0.5 kW/kg)
+ High energy density (205 Wh/kg)
+ Limited cycle life (<3000)
+ Slow charge rate (1.5 C)
+ Scarcity of raw materials
+ Difficult to recycle
+ Physical storage of energy
+ High power density (up to 60 kW/kg)
+ Limited energy density (up to 20 Wh/kg)
+ Extreme cycle life (>1 million)
+ Extremely fast charge rate (2000 C)
+ Abundance of raw materials
+ Easy to recycle
Li-ion Batteries use a chemical reaction to store energy
SLOWUltracapacitors use an electric field to store energy
FAST
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Ultracapacitors and BatteriesConclusions
Hybrid Systems for
longerlifetime and lower cost
WE HELP TO SAVE ENERGY
Skeleton Technologies GmbH | [email protected] | +49 3595 2416 040
WE ARE
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SKELETON TECHNOLOGIES PARTNER IN THE BENELUXNijkerk Electronics B.V.Willem Fenengastraat 121096 BN Amsterdam020 50 41 [email protected]
Nijkerk Electronics N.V.Romeynsweel 72030 Antwerpen03 544 70 [email protected]
www.nijkerk-ne.com
Backup Slides and use case:
Wind Turbine Inertia
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Grid | Power Generation | Wind Turbine InertiaCHALLENGE: grid support with extra active power
BACKGROUND
+ Grid disturbances are less smoothed by rotating masses
+ Grid lacks extra active power
KEY CHALLENGES
+ Weaker & unstable grid due to the lack of rotating masses
+ Low power quality & high frequency deviations
+ Traditional converter is not ideal for weak AC grids or island systems
KNOWN CONSEQUENCES
+ No contribution to support the grid with extra temporary active power (virtual inertia)
+ No enhancement in frequency support
+ Higher risk of load shedding or grid black outs
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Grid | Power Generation | Wind Turbine InertiaSOLUTION: grid stability & higher power quality
WHAT WE OFFER
+ SkelGrid system connected to wind turbine system
+ Providing necessary inertia
ADVANTAGES OF OUR PRODUCT
+ High power density energy storage
+ Over 1 million cycles & longer calendar life: 15 to 20 years
+ -40°C to +65°C operating temperature range
+ Considerably lighter than batteries
+ Easily fully discharged for safe maintenance operations
+ Simpler monitoring and system health checks
+ Ultracapacitors do not leak or contain acid or lead
*WTG = Wind turbine generator
3 OPTIONS TO PROVIDE INERTIA
Only 6-8% of rated WTG* power2| WTG* uses rotor‘s inertia to provide extra power
1| WTG* runs curtailedto provide extra power
Money loss
3| WTG* uses Ultracapacitorsto provide extra power
Fully flexible design, 100% of rated WTG* power possible
* Wind Turbine Generator
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+ Grid stability
+ Provides system inertia
+ Mitigates frequency deviations
+ Improved power quality
+ Operation down to very low short circuit ratio (SCR) compared to conventional current control
Grid | Power Generation | Wind Turbine InertiaBENEFITS: improved power quality & grid stability
BENEFITSfor our clients