Ukrainian culture as spiritual phenomena.

Patriarch

Archdiocese/Archbishop

Bishop/Diocese

Priest/Parish

Pope

Gregory I

Feudalism: MilitaryService for Land

http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/astonhall/changingtimes/themes/homes/rich/mans.htm

http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/astonhall/changingtimes/themes/women/mans.htm

Alfred the Great UnifiedThe Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy

William I, the ConquerorBrought Norman

Feudalism To England

John Was Forced

To Sign the Magna

Carta in 1215

Edward I Called a ParliamentOf Lords and Commons

Philip IV Called the Estates-General to Raise Taxes

East & Central Europe• Slavic people divided into 3 groups: western,

eastern, & southern Slavs

• Western Slavs formed the Polish & Bohemian kingdoms

• Poles, Czechs, Hungarians were all converted to Christianity by German Monks

• Eastern Slavic people were converted to Orthodox Christianity by two Byzantine missionary brothers; Cyril & Methodius

• Croats, Serbs, & Bulgarians were converted to Eastern Orthodoxy

St. Cyril and St. Methodius

Russia• Eastern Slavic people settled in present day Ukraine

& Russia

• 8th century, Swedish Vikings began to move in search of plunder & trade routes

• Vikings eventually dominated the native people

• Vikings named it Rus = where word Russia is derived

Kievan Rus• Oleg, Viking leader, settled in Kiev at the beginning

of 10th century & created principality of Kiev• Oleg successors expanded Kiev until it reached

territory between Baltic & Black Seas, & Danube & Volga rivers

• Vikings married Slavic wives & gradually assimilated into the Slavic population

• Rus leader, Vladimir, married sister of Byzantine Emperor & officially accepted the Eastern Orthodox Church for all the people in 988

• Kievan Rus prospered up until invasions brought an end to the 1st Russian state in 1169

Vladimir I ChoseEastern Orthodoxy

Mongol Rule in Russia• 13th century, Mongols conquered Russia & forced

Russian princes to pay tribute to them

• Alexander Nevsky, prince of Novgorood, defeated a German army in northwest Russia in 1242

• Khan, leader of Mongolia, rewarded Nevsky title of grand prince

• Nevsky descendants became princes of Moscow & eventual leaders of Russia

AlexanderNevsky, PrinceOf Novgorod

Constantinople

Emperor Justinian

Byzantine Art: Mosaicsand Illuminated Manuscripts

Hagia Sophia

Crusades• 11th & 13th centuries, European Christians carried

out a series of military expeditions to take back the holy land from the Muslims

• Seljuk Turks won the battle of Manzikert & threatened Constantinople

• Crusades began when Pope Urban II responded to the request of Alexius I to liberate Jerusalem & Palestine

• Urban II called for crusades @ infidels

• Infidels were the non believers = Muslims, Jews

Alexius I AskedFor Help and

Urban II CalledFor the

First Crusade

Louis VII and Conrad III RespondTo Bernard of Clairvaux’s Call

For a Second Crusade