ukm auditorium

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Sound and Lighting System in an AuditoriumBCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Learning the topic of lighting and sound system in an enclosed area, we are

being conducted to do a research in an auditorium. This research is done to evaluateand examine the level of effectiveness of sound and lighting system in the auditorium. A

good auditorium will give satisfaction to the people in it and have a consistence sound

level that can be received by the ears.

We have chosen Dewan Canselor Tun Abdul Razak (D!TA"#, $niversity

%ebangsaan &alaya ($% as our auditorium to do the research. This auditorium is

constructed on ')* and can occupied ++** peoples. This auditorium is use for any art

and culture events, convocation events, annual dinner, competition and examination.Typically the system and technology used before in this auditorium is the old technology

and not too effective compared to the new high technology auditorium used nowadays.

ut, improvements have been made to increase the -uality of the auditorium. n this

report, we have included all the details of the auditorium through observations and

research at $niversity %ebangsaan &alaya.


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2.0 History and Background of the uditoriu!

!hancellor Tun Abdul "a/a0 Auditorium 1all or D!TA" is a main hall of the

oldest and largest in the 2ational $niversity of &alaysia or 0nown as $%&. This

auditorium was used for the first time at $%& !onvocation !eremony of the 3th.!onstruction began on 4'st 5une ')3 it was costing "&34,446.4' and '7+.87*

s-uare feet completed. D!TA" is the largest hall in &alaysia at that time. D!TA"

was inaugurated on 4th 9eptember ') by :.A. Tun 1a;i Abdul "a/a0 bin 1ussein.

This hall is also used for formal events such as convocation ceremony, university final

examination, staff awards ceremony, heritage performance and any celebration.


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".0 #re$ie% of the uditoriu!

This auditorium can be declared as multi purpose auditoria. ecause it is used

for formal events such as convocation ceremony, conference> speech, university finalexamination, staffs and students awards ceremony, heritage performance, music and

any celebration. efore enter the D!TA" auditorium, peoples will pass through the

Tun Abdul "a/a0 gallery. This gallery displays all the art wor0 by Latif &ohaidden and

have uni-ue fretwor0 which is seen as ?syahadah@. This gallery located in between of

entrance of the auditorium and entrance of building. This floor area of the auditorium is

'*7 x '*8.3 made up from dar0 brownish colour par-uet with pattern it can placed

'4** portable ban-uet seats and '7* round table and 4'** terrace seats. This material

good from any various aspect performance such as the amount of light, its direction,intensity and colour (for example artificial light# all have a decisive influence on the

impression created by par-uet. Bor example, can create interesting reflections with an

oiled floor, good reception of speech and music is that the performance is intelligible, the

clarity -uality of the sound, cleanliness and maintenance.

esides that, ergonomic planning and colour coordination for this hall plays

important role to give comfort and better environment for users. ecause, matching withcontra combination colour for the dar0 brownish colour for the wall surrounding and floor

give nice eye views and cream>white colour terrace seat and ceiling give the audiences

feel en;oy and relax during watching performance.

And the raise stage area is ++ x )6.) and made up from wood floor and

composite concrete with fire insulation and covered with carpet. This stage placed the

performer, musician and audio visual system. The chosen colour for this carpet stageis soft blue colour to match dar0 and soft colour from the auditorium surrounding.

Dramatic stage lighting system, including front lighting, foot lighting, spot lights,

follow spot lights, beam lights, flood lights. 9tep lights recessed into floor risers at each seating

tier. Wall mounted low light level sconce lights along side walls, downlight lamps at

ceiling.


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Air distribution system for this auditoria type re-uires a +*C increases in cooling

capacity of constant volume with modulated temperature control. ut according to

interviewee, air distribution system separate into /ones for hall auditorium, stagearea, audience seating, lobby and pro;ection spaces.


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&.0 D'(I)N * +,OUT O- TH' UDITORIU

Design of the auditorium is based on prestige design which symboli/es the

ob;ectives of the university itself. The main function of the auditorium at first is for any

official events of the university and art and culture events. 9o, the design is more li0ely

as a main attraction to the university on a +.7 hectare of land. This auditorium is attach

to the Panggung Seniwhich located behind of the auditorium or to be exact bac0stage of

the auditorium. Panggung Seniis another small auditorium for art events and recording

for television show such as Pi Mai Pi Mai Tang Tu.These two auditoriums are located

in one large building structure includes office area for technical group. Distance of the

auditorium from the main road is '* meters.

Bigure 8.'= Layout of the building from main road

D'CTRDe%an Tun

/du Raak

#anggung (eni

ainroad

#arkingrea

ain 'ntrance

10 metres


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Seniis use as bac0stage for preparation for the show and changing costume area. Brom

the main entrance, it can be seen the stage which located opposite with the main

entrance and there is empty space in the middle of the auditorium. The seats for

audiences located at the both side of the auditorium and another one opposite with the

stage.

Birst floor of the auditorium includes of control room where it control the lighting,

sound and slide during the events. t also consists of art foyer, store, E< rooms, toilets,

preFview room, prayer room, technical office, technician room, airFcondition room, dance

studio, second layer for staging seat and dimmer which located near to the stage. The

control room of the auditorium located opposite with the stage to give full view of the

auditorium and the stage.

The second floor level is the top of auditorium where maintenance wor0 is done.

This area is where the light axle is located. Gnly technician and maintenance people can

enter this area. Around this floor level also located the Wayang uli!studio, designers

room, coach theater room, gallery, A.1.$ room, cultural office, water storage tan0,

toilets, prayer room and store. "efers to the layout plan, this auditorium is rectangular

shape and have lots of rooms around the building. The designed is wide spans and

multiple stories high because to accommodate seating, sightline and acoustical

re-uirement. The entire layout plan for this auditorium is being attach in the appendix

section of the report.


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.0 '+''NT( O- TH' UDITORIU

This auditorium has many elements that made and cover from different types of

materials. The elements are wall, floor, ceiling, doors, stage, seats and stairs. These

elements are cover and made from different types of material that have different purpose

and effect for the acoustical purpose. All the elements are described below=

i. 9eats


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This is terrace seat which being arrange in terraces to allow full sightlines

for audiences to see the view on stage. n this auditorium, terrace seat located on

both side of auditorium and at the main entrance. t consists of 4'** units of

terrace seat which cover with cream colour leather and '4** moveable seats

which being arrange at the centre of the auditorium.

ii. Wall


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iv. !eiling


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v. Door


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vi. 9tage


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vii. 9tairs


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n order to have a good -uality of sounds received by the users of the auditorium, here

are the e-uipment used in the auditorium=F

5.1 +ouds7eaker (yste!

1) lectroFvoice HFLine !ompact BullFandwidth Line Array ( 4 units#


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users received the same -uality, the same volume of sound same as the

front users, despite they sit at the bac0 of the auditorium.

c# t is compact, and lightweight.

d# t is paired with a 1ydra system, which is a planeFwave generator that

can be tuned to produce optimal waveFfront geometry for any design.Thus, it results in giving superior highFfre-uency summing troughout the

entire listening field, near or far.

e# t is portable, where it can be pull out and placed anywhere.

2)


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3) &onitor spea0er


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b# The performer has a separated spea0er since when they perform on

stage, they actually can@t hear the voice or sound produce from

themselves. That is why they need a separated spea0er.

5.2 (ound (yste! Contro Consoe

Bor most of the activities or performance held in the auditorium of $%&, either it

is for speech or live music performance, they used a modern sound system

control. 2evertheless, if the activity is only for minor purposes by means of, a

good -uality is not the priority, and then they will use the conventional sound

system which located in the control room.

'#


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4# !onventional sound control system console


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c# t is usually used when there is activities for dinner, awards ceremony,

speech, and etc.

5.& #ro9ection (creen


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a#


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5. icro7hones

Bigure 3.= Eocal microphone Bigure 3.'*= nstrument microphone

a# &icrophones are a type of transducer which converts the pressure waves

caused by sound into vibrations within a coil which transform the vibrations

into electric signal.

b# These electric signals will be sent by using wire or wireless to an amp or mixer

to spea0ers or recording device.

c# n this auditorium, they used two types of microphones, which is a vocal

microphone and instrument microphone.

d# Eocal microphone is used when the -uality of sounds is not a priority (for

example speech purpose#. &eanwhile, instrument microphone is used when

the performance need a good -uality of sound and to enhance the sound

produced by the users (for example live music band#

e# $%&@s auditorium used both wireless and wire type of microphone,

5.5. (7otight


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'#


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a# This type of spotlight is used to give effects by emitting various of colours to

shows the mood for that particular performance.

b# t is installed at the catwal0 of the stage.

c# The position is ad;ustable.

d# t is normally used when there is special performance such as theaters and

music live band when the lighting will enhance the performance.

4# Bollow 9potlight


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:.1 (ound !7ifier

$se to reduce the sound problem that produces by the acoustical sound effects.

The effects are the reverberation, echo and delay of sound. This amplifier also

uses to ad;ust the sound setting li0e the volume of sound and others to be

suitable to the function in the auditorium.


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This is the latest type of spea0er use in every function neither in auditorium or

open function li0e concert. This spea0er installed suspended at the ceiling of the

auditorium. This spea0er in shape of curve shape. The spea0er comes in three or

more spea0er that combines in curve frame to form the curve shape in vertical

position. The vertical position will spread the sound from front to the bac0 of the

auditorium. ts cover the distribution of sound and the entire listener at every

position in the auditorium can hear the sound in the same decibel.


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$sed at the bac0stage. This rotary motor use to move the curtain at the stage. n

D!TA", there have two rotary motor. The motor only one in use and the other

installed as standby rotary motor. This motor also uses to move the colour

lighting on the stage.


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cho means the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound

waves. The sound produce in the space will repeating and disturb the other

sound. The reverberation will form when the listener receive to many reflection of

sound that produce from the space elements li0e wall and floor. n D!TA", the

reverberation also produced but the finishes that used in the auditorium that

absorb the sound reduce this sound effect. There are some examples the

finishes that install to reduce the reverberation in D!TA".

6.'.' Timber finishes on wall

The wall of the auditorium installed with timber in batten shape. The

batten timber not ;ust installed independent on the wall but it come with

the fiber glass layer install before the batten. The timber batten installs

with some space between each timber about half inch to allow the sound

flow through the space and the fiber glass layer will reduce the

reverberation effect.


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6.'.4 !arpet on floor

Bloor at E< seat area is using carpet for it finishes. The type of carpet

used in the auditorium is the type of absorb the sound. 9o, the entire

sound passes the carpet will absorb the sound and avoid it from reflect

around the auditorium. t is also for decorative purpose.


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different purpose in the auditorium. The white lamp use in formal function and the

yellow lamp use for informal function li0e dinner. This lighting comes in downlight

and small spotlight. The stage lighting system installed with colour spotlight to give

dramatic effect on stage. The lighting on stage can be move by the rotary motor.


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Bor every 0inds of performances which be held in this auditorium, they will use

modern system or conventional systems of sound control system. Bor instance, if the

performance is only main for speech purpose, they will use conventional sound control

system which located in control room. ut, if the performance re-uiring a good -uality of

sound, for example music live band shows, they will use modern e-uipment system to

control over the sound systems. The modern type of control systems is able to produce

a better -uality of sound.

This is also applied when it comes to the lighting system. f the performance

re-uires a good -uality of lighting with various colours and lighting effects, for example

when there is theatre performance, they will use spotlight which have various colours

and ad;ustable intensity to give mood to the audience. 2evertheless, if the performance

is re-uiring full attention and clear vision to the audience, for example for academic

examination for the students, they will use normal lighting which is recessed downlight.

10.0 N)''NT O- TH' UDITORIU

The function of management of the auditorium is to always ma0e sure that this

auditorium is functioning well and always been ready to be use weather by the student

or the outsider. t also has to prepare all the facilities needed for this auditorium to ma0e

sure this auditorium have all the advance system that an auditorium needs.

n this auditorium, they need to fill a form manually to


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Bor sound and lighting management, if there is any event conducted in

this auditorium, the lighting and sound system will be control by soundman and

lighting man. "ehearsal will be conduct for every event to 0now the suitable

lighting and good sound system produce during the event. This is also to ma0e

sure the event is run smoothly without any technical problem. f there is any slide

or video that want to be pro;ect through the L!D, it will be made through the

control room and rehearsal also need to be conduct to ma0e sure the L!D is

functionally well. n addition, this auditorium also provides a generator as a

bac0up if in case that there is a blac0out.


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12.0 CONC+U(ION

n a conclusion, by doing this case study we can analy/e the important for an auditorium

to provide sufficient sound and lighting as it affect the audiences comfort. t also affects

the entire performance in the auditorium. The sound level provided must be accurate

and can be received by the normal human ear level. enefits from this research it allows

us to see and interperate how the surrounding in the auditorium and it acoustical effect

affects the material and elements in the auditorium itself. Brom our observation, four

main aspects which is design, layout, element and e-uipment used in the auditorium

plays important role in this D!TA" performance. ven though this D!TA" was built

half a century but this auditorium still performs well with some new technologies applies

in the auditorium. This is all to give good acoustical effect and provide best performance

of auditorium together with the high technology of lighting system.


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1".0 R'-'R'NC'(

i# n

ukm auditorium

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