ukef;abmifacwfausmufpmrsm;rs txl;jykemrfyk'frsm;zgjupnf .... daw khin khin...

J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6B

Ä

a':? uxdu? jrefrmpmXme? &efukefynma&;wuúodkvf

ukef;abmifacwfausmufpmrsm;rS txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;zGJUpnf;yHk

avhvmcsuf

cifcifvwf

Ä

pmwrf;tusOf;

þpmwrf;wGif ukef;abmifacwf (jrefrmouú&mZf 1114 rS 1247 txd)

jrefrmausmufpmrsm;rS ausmufpmtcsyf (20)ukd tavhvmcHe,fy,f

tjzpf owfrSwfcJhygonf/ þtavhvmcHausmufpmrsm;rS txl;jyKemrfyk'f

rsm;\ zGJUpnf;yHkudk bmomaA'enf;jzihf avhvmcJhonf/ avhvm&m

wGifvnf; tajccHo'´g,lepf ig;rsdK;jzpfaom 0gus? 0guscGJ? yk'f?

pum;vHk;? ½kyf&if; [laom tqihfig;rsdK;&Sd&m yk'ftqihf jzpfaom tydkif;rS

txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHktaMumif;udk o½kyfazmfbmomaA'enf;jzihf

avhvmqef;ppf wifjyxm;ygonf/

ed'gef;

þpmwrf;wGif ukef;abmifacwfausmufpmrsm;&Sd ]txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;}

zGJUpnf;xm;yHkudk bmomaA'enf;jzihf avhvmwifjycJhygonf/ jrefrmouú&mZf

(1114 rS 1247) txd jreffrmausmufpmrsm;rS txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;

xm;yHkudk ]txl;jyKemrfyk'ffrsm;[lonf} ESihf ]ukef;abmifacwfausmufpmrsm;&Sd

txl;jyKemrfykk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHk} [lí tydkif;(2)ydkif;cGJum avhvmwifjyxm;

ygonf/

ukef;abmifacwf jrefrmausmufpmrsm;rS ausmufpmtcsyf (20)udkom

tavhvmcHe,fy,ftjzpf owfrSwfí þtavhvmcHausmufpmrsm;rS txl;jyK

emrfyk'frsm;? zGJUpnf;xm;&SdyHkudkvnf; u@(3)ckcGJum avhvmwifjycJhygonf/

tavhvmcH o'´gtrsdK;tpm;jzpfaom emrf? Bud,m? 0dbwfwkdYudk tajccHí

txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;udkvnf; o'´gpnf;urf;t& rnfodkY zGJUpnf;xm;&SdyHkudkvnf;

avhvmqef;ppfwifjycJhygonf/ tavhvmcH ukef;abmifacwf ausmufpmrsm;

pm&if;ESihf txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;\ tBudrf ta&twGufudkom azmfjyxm;&SdcJhNyD;

472 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6B

azmfjyxm;&Sdjcif; r&SdcJhaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;udk aemufqufwGJwGif qufvuf

azmfjyoGm;ygrnf/

1/ txl;jyKemrfyk'f[lonf

]txl;jyKemrfyk'f} 1

qkdonfrSm emrftxl;jyKpum;vHk;wpfck? wpfckxuf

ydkaom txl;jyKpum;vHk;rsm;ESihf zGJUpnf;xm;aom pum;vHk;tpkta0;udk ac:onf/

,if;pum;vHk;tpkta0;wGif yg0ifaom pum;vHk;rsm;teuf tenf;qHk; pum;vHk;

wpfckonf ]OD;aqmifemrf}2

jzpf&rnf/ ,if;OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGifvnf;aumif;?

OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufwGifvnf;aumif;? OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUa&m aemufüyg

vnf;aumif; ]emrftxl;jyK} 3

rsm; tuefUtowfr&Sd yg0ifEkdifygonf/

,if;pum;vHk;tpkta0;\ aemufqHk;ae&mwGif ]emrf0dbwf} 4

ygonfvnf;&Sdí

rygonfvnf; &SdEkdifygonf/ ,if;udk yHkaoenf;jzihf jyvQif-

txl;jyKemrfyk'femrftxl;jyK...+OD;aqmifemrfemrftxl;jyK... emrf0dbwf

[lí jyEkdifonf/ oauFwjzihf jy&vQif-

MN adj … + hn adj … np

[lí jyEkdifygonf/

1? 1/ ausmufpmrsm;&Sd txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHk

emrftxl;jyKrsm;udk tajccHí ausmufpmrsm;&Sd txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;udk

zGihfqkdowfrSwf&mwGif txl;jyKemrfyk'fwpfckü-

(u) OD;aqmifemrfwpfck yg&Sd&rnf/ OD;aqmifemrfaemufwGif emrf0dbwf

ygonfvnf; &Sdí rygonfvnf; &SdEkdifygonf/

1

Modifier noun 2

head noun 3

adjectival 4

Noun particle

J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6B 473

(c) OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUwGif tenf;qHk; emrftxl;jyKwpfck yg&dSonf/

emrftxl;jyKyk'f\ aemufwGif yk'fjzpfaMumif;jyypönf; ygonfvnf;

&Sdí rygonfvnf; &SdEkdifygonf/

(*) emrftxl;jyKonf OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGifomru aemufwGifvnf;

wpfNydKifeuf &SdEkdifygonf/

(C) txl;jyKemrfyk'fwpfckwGif OD;aqmifemrf wpfck yg0ifNyD; emrftxl;jyK

wkdYrSm wpfckxufru ESpfck oHk;ck av;ck ig;ck ponfjzihf yg&Sd

Ekdifonf/

xkdzGJUpnf;yHkudk yHkaoenf;xkwfí oauFwjzihf azmfjy&vQif-

txl;jyKemrf emrftxl;jyK...+OD;aqmifemrf emrftxl;jyK... emrf0dbwf

[lí jyEkdifonf/ oauFwjzihfjy&vQif-

MN adj … + hn adj … np

[lí jzpfygonf/ azmfjyygzGJUpnf;yHkt& tavhvmcHausmufpmrsm;&Sd txl;jyK

emrfyk'frsm;\ zGJUpnf;xm;yHkudk avhvmwifjyygrnf/

2/ ukef;abmifacwf ausmufpmrsm;&Sd txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHk

tavhvmcHausmufpmrsm;&Sd txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;twGif; yg0ifzGJUpnf;

xm;aom OD;aqmifemrfudk txl;jyKxm;onhf emrftxl;jyKrsm;\ zGJUpnf;yHkudk

azmfjy&mwGif-

(1) OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUrS emrftxl;jyKygaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;

(2) OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufrS emrftxl;jyKygaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;

(3) OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUESihfaemufrS emrftxl;jyKygaom txl;jyK

emrfyk'frsm;

[lí azmfjyygrnf/

tavhvmcH ausmufpmrsm;&Sd txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;wGif yg0ifaom emrf

txl;jyKrsm;ukd azmfjy&mwGif OD;aqmifemrfudk txl;jyKyHkt& ta&twGuftvkduf


azmfjyoGm;ygrnf/ txl;jyKemrfyk'fwpfckwGif OD;aqmifemrfukd txl;jyKEkdifaom

emrftxl;jyKonf ta&twGuf wpfckru yg&SdEkdifygonf/ odkYjzpfygí

emrftxl;jyKrsm;udk ta&twGuftvkduf azmfjy&jcif; jzpfygonf/

2? 1/ OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUrS emrftxl;jyKygaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;

þtxl;jyKemrfyk'f zGJUpnf;yHkwGif OD;aqmifemrfonf wpfckom yg&rnf

jzpfonf/ OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUrS txl;jyKaom emrftxl;jyKonf wpfckru ESpfck?

oHk;ck ponfjzihf yg0ifEkdifonf/ OD;aqmifemrf\aemufwGif emrf0dbwf ygonfvnf;

&Sdonf/ rygbJESihfvnf; &SdEkdifonf/ ,if;zGJUpnf;yHkudk yHkaoenf;xkwfí

oauFwjzihf jy&aomf-

txl;jyKemrfyk'f emrftxl;jyK... + OD;aqmifemrf emrf0dbwf

MN adj … + hn np

[lí azmfjyygrnf/ ,if;zGJUpnf;rItwkdif; tavhvmcHausmufpmrsm;rS txl;jyK

emrfyk'frsm;udk atmufygtwkdif; azmfjyxm;ygonf/

2? 1? 1/ OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyKwpfckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\

aemufwGif emrf0dbwfygaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;

txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHkwGif OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyK

wpfckyg&SdNyD; OD;aqmifemrf\aemufwGif emrf0dbwf yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;onf/

,if;zGJUpnf;yHkudk yHkaoenf;xkwfí oauFwjzihf azmfjy&vQif-

txl;jyKemrfyk'f emrftxl;jyK + OD;aqmifemrf + emrf0dbwf

MN adj + hn + np

[lí azmfjyygonf/ OD;aqmifemrfa&SUrS emrftxl;jyKwpfckESihf OD;aqmifemrf

aemufrS emrf0dbwf yg0ifzGJUpnf;yHkudk tavhvmcHausmufpmwkdYwGif atmufyg

twkdif; awGU&onf/


- rkwfqdk0fbdk0frnfaom&Gmudk0f a½S;? pm-14 ? u-9

- rkwfqdk0fbdk0frnfaom adj

- &Gm hn

- udk0f np

- trifrifwkd0f\t½Sif &mZm"dywdjzpfawmf a&S;? pm-14? u-12

rlaom tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;onf

- trifrifwkd0f\t&Sif&mZm"dywd adj

jzpfawmfrlaom

- tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD; hn

- onf np

- igbk&m;{,fudk,fpm;jzpfo0f rdG,fwf"mwfwf a&S;? pm-24? u-26

wkdYonf

- igbk&m;{,fudk,fpm;jzpfo0f adj

- rGd,fwf"mwfwfwkdY hn

- onf np

- tqHk;pGefo0f edAÁmefjynfudk jrifwfrlo0f a&S;? pm-25? u-26

bk&m;ocifonf

- tqHk;pGefo0f edAÁmefjynfudk adj

jrifwfrlo0f

- bk&m;ocif hn

- onf np


- xl;jrwfpGmaom w&m;awmfudk a&S;? pm-46? u-50

- xl;jrwfpGmaom adj

- w&m;awmf hn

- udk np

txufazmfjyyg OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyKwpfckESihf

OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufwGif emrf0dbwf yg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;

zGJUpnf;yHkudk tavhvmcHausmufpmwkdYwGif (39)Budrf toHk;jyKa&;xkd;xm;onf/

azmfjyyg usef&Sdaeaom txl;jyKemrfyk'ftzGJUrsm;udk aemufqufwGJwGif azmfjy

ygrnf/

2? 1? 2/ OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyK ESpfck ESihf OD;aqmifemrf\


txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHkwGif OD;aqmifemrff\a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyK

ESpfckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\aemufwGif emrf0dbwfyg&Sdaom zGJUpnf;xm;yHkudkvnf;

awGU&onf/ ,if;zGJUpnf;yHkudk bmomaA't& yHkaoenf;xkwfí oauFwjzifh

azmfjy&aomf-

txl;jyKemrfyk'f emrftxl;jyK

1-2

+ OD;aqmifemrf + emrf0dbwf

MN adj1-2

+ hn + np

[lí azmfjyygrnf/ tavhvmcHausmufpmwkdYwGifvnf; þodkYaom zGJUpnf;rIudk

awGU&Sd&onf/

- ZrÁL'DygwpfuRef;vHk;ü &Sdaom 84000 aom a½S;? pm-20? u-25

xD;aqmif;rif;wkdYonf

- ZrÁL'DygwpfuRef;vHk;ü &Sdaom adj

- 84000 aom adj

- xD;aqmif;rif;wkdY hn

- onf np


- jrwfaomESvHk;awf[daom oD&d ok"r®r[m a½S;? pm-35 ? u-36

&mZm"dywdtrnfawf&Sdaom rif;w&m;BuD;onf

- jrwfaomESvHk;awf[daom adj

- oD&dok"r®r[m&mZm"dywd adj

trnfawf&Sdaom

- rif;w&m;BuD; hn

- onf np

- atmifolwkd0f t"dywdjzpfaom igbk&m;\ a½S;? pm-77 ? u-9

omoemwfudk0f NcD;jr§ifh jyKpk o0f

rif;{u&mZfwkd0fonf

- atmifolwkd0f t"dywd jzpfaom adj

- igbk&m;\ omoemwfudk0f adj

NcD;jr§ihfjyKpko0f

- rif;{u&mZfwkd0f hn

- onf np

- ewfeef;AdrmefESihfwlo0f a&Teef;a&TbHkrS a½S;? pm-95 ? u-16

y'HkrmESihf wlo0fpufpHk a&Tu’myGifhudk0f

- ewfeef;AdrmefESihfwlo0f adj

- a&Teef;a&TbHkrS y'HkrmESihfwlo0f adj

- pufpHka&Tu’myGihf hn

- udk0f np

txufazmfjyyg emrftxl;jyK ESpfckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufwGif

emrf0dbwf yg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;xm;&SdyHkudk tavhvmcH

ausmufpmwkdYwGif (6)Budrf a&;xdk;xm;onf/ usef&Sdaeaom txl;jyKemrfyk'ftzGJU

rsm;udk aemufqufwGJwGif azmjfyygrnf/


2? 1? 3/ OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyK oHk;ckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\


txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHkwGif OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyK

oHk;ckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\aemufwGif emrf0dbwfygaom zGJUpnf;yHkrsdK;udkvnf;

awGU&onf/ ,if;zGJUpnf;yHkwGif bmomaA't& yHkaoenf;xkwfí oauFwjzihf

azmfjy&vQif-


1-3


MN adj 1-3

+ hn + np

[lí azmfjyygrnf/ þzGJUpnf;yHkt& tavhvmcHausmufpmrsm;rS txl;jyKemrfyk'f

rsm;udk wifjy&vQif-

- qifjrwf,Ofomtaygif; NcH&Htyfaom a½S;? pm-42? u-22

qifjzL&wemjrwfocif odMum; ab;bdk;

a&Teef;pdk;om; aersdK;Zmwd r[d'¨dvnf;

jzpfawmfrlxaom bkef;awmf tvGef

BuD;jrwfawmfrlvSo0f t&Sifb0&Sif

rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf

- qifjrwf,Ofomtaygif; adj

NcH&Htyfaom

- qifjzL&wemjrwfocifab;bkd; adj

a&Teef; pdk;om; aersdK; Zmwd

r[d'¨dvnf; jzpfawmfrlxaom

- bkef;awmftvGefBuD;jrwfawmf adj

rlvSo0f

- t&Sifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; hn

- onf np


- aumifr’wfpGm o0f usefvu©Pm&Sd o0f r’; a½S;? pm-93? u-6

pGmo0f qifwkd0fhudk0f

- auifr’wfpGm o0f adj

- usefvu©Pm &Sdo0f adj

- r’; pGm o0f adj

- qifwkd0fh hn

- udk0f np

- waumifjynfBuD; a&TxD; bGihf o0f owdk0f a½S;? pm-77? u-10

rif; r[m ZrÁL 'Dy"Z trnf [dod0f

rif;w&m;BuD;\ tEG,ft½dk;trsdK0f&if;

jzpfo0f owkd;rif;zsm; rif;w&m;onf

- waumifjynfBuD; adj

a&TxD;bGihfo0f

- owkd0f rif; r[m ZrÁL'Dy"Z adj

trnf[dod0f

- rif;w&m;BuD;\ tEG,ft½dk; adj

trsdK0f&if; jzpfo0f

- owkd;rif;zsm; rif;w&m; hn

- onf np

azmfjyyg OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUrS emrftxl;jyK (3)ckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\

aemufrS emrf0dbwf yg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'f zGJUpnf;yHkudk tavhvmcH

ausmufpmwkdYwGif (8)Budrf a&;xdk;xm;onf/ useftxl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; tzGJUudkrl

aemufqufwGJwGif azmfjyygrnf/


2? 1? 4/ OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyKav;ckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\


txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHkwGif OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyK

av;ckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\aemufwGif emrf0dbwfygaom zGJUpnf;xm;yHkudkvnf;

awGU&onf/ ,if;zGJUpnf;yHkudk yHkaoenf;jyKí oauFwjzihfjyaomf-


1-4


MN adj 1-4

+ hn + np

[lí azmfjyygrnf/ xkdzGJUpnf;yHkt& tavhvmcHausmufpmwkdYwGif-

- v,fwGif;udk;c½dkifudkpD&ifaom ynmowåd a½S;? pm-14? u-19

ESihfjynhfpHkaom omoe0k'¨d twå0k'¨d

y&0k'¨dwkdYudk0f tvdk&Sdaom olawmfaumif;

oabm&Sdo0f trwfawmfudk0f

- v,fwGif;udk;c½dkifudkpD&ifaom adj

- ynmowådESihf jynhfpHkaom adj

- omoe0k'¨d twå0k'¨d y&0k'¨d adj

wkdYudk0f tvkd&Sdaom

- olawmfaumif;oabm&Sdaom adj

- trwfawmf hn

- udk0f np


- ZrÁL'dyfuRef;wGif twkr&Sdo0f bkefwefcdk0f a½S;? pm-77? u-15-16

ynmo'¨gESihf jynhfpHkrfwfrlo0f bkef;\

tvGefBuD;jrwfwfrlvSo0f qifz’Locif

toQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m;onf

- ZrÁL'dyfuRef;wGif twkr&Sdaom adj

- bkef;wefcdk0fynmo'¨gESihf adj

jynhfpHkrfwfrlo0f

- bkef;\ tvGefBuD;jrwfwf adj

rlvSo0f

- qifz’Locif adj

- toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; hn

bk&m;

- onf np

OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyK av;ckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\

aemufwGif emrf0dbwf yg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'f zGJUpnf;yHkudk tavhvmcH

ausmufpmwkdYwGif (2)Budrfom a&;xdk;xm;onfudk awGU&Sd&onf/

2? 1? 5/ OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyK ig;ckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\



ig;ckESifh OD;aqmifemrf\aemufwGif emrf0dbwfygaom zGJUpnf;yHkudkvnf; awGU&Sd

&onf/ ,if;zGJUpnf;yHkudk yHkaoenf;jzihf oauFwjzihf jy&aomf-


1-5


MN adj 1-5

+ hn + np

[lí azmfjyygrnf/ tavhvmcHausmufpmwGifvnf; þodkYaom emrftxl;jyK

rsm;pGmESihf zGJUpnf;yHkudkvnf; awGU&onf/


- wwd,&mZ0ifrif;w&m;u’D; bk&;\ a½S;? pm-89? u-23

o;wf tppf r’wf &ifESpfvQif z’pfwf

rlxo0f bkef;wefcdk0ftmPm u’ufoa&

aevuJhodkU0f 0if0ify½k,f omoem

0k¹d avmu0k¹d [lo0f y’nfolwkdifo;pDyG;

taygifwkd0fudk0f &Gufaqmifawmfrlo0f

okemy&ef wrÜ'Dypo0fwkdifu’D; 16 wkdif\

t&Sif &wemwGif rwf r; o©dif toQif

b0&Sif rif;w&m;onf

- wwd,&mZ0ifb0&Sif adj

rif;w&m;u’D; bk&;\

om;awmftppfr’wf

&ifESpfvQif z ’pfwfrlxoif

- bkefwefcdk0ftmPm u’ufoa& adj

aevuJhodk0f 0if0ify½k,f

- omoem 0k¹d avmu0k¹d adj

[lo0f y’nfolwdk0f o;pD;yGm;

taygif wkd0fudk0f &Gufaqmif

awmfrlo0f

- okemy&ef wrÜ'dypo0f adj

wkdif;u’D;16wdk0f\t&Sif

- &wemwGif rwfr;o©dif adj

- toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m; hn

- onf np

þuJhodkY emrftxl;jyKaygif;rsm;pGmwkdYESihf zGJUpnf;xm;&SdrIudk a&S;pmay

a&;zGJUrIwkdYwGif trsm;qHk; awGU&Sd&onf/ emrftxl;jyKaygif;rsm;pGmESihf zGJUpnf;

xm;&SdaomaMumihf t"du qkdvkdcsufudk csufcsif;rodEkdifay/


2? 1/ 6/ OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyK wpfck? ESpfck ESihf OD;aqmifemrf\

aemufwGif emrf0dbwf rygaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;


wpfck odkUr[kwf ESpfck yg0ifNyD; OD;aqmifemrf\aemufwGif emrf0dbwf

ryg0ifaom zGJUpnf;rIrsdK;udkvnf; awGU&onf/ þzGJUpnf;yHkudk bmomaA't&

yHkaoenf;xkwfí oauFwjzihf azmfjy&aomf-


(1-2)

+ OD;aqmifemrf

MN adj (1-2)

+ hn

[lí azmfjyygrnf/ tavhvmcH ausmufpmwkdYwGif OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGif

emrftxl;jyK wpfck? ESpfck ESihf OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufwGif emrf0dbwf

ryg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'f tzGJUrsm;udk avhvmwifjyygrnf/

- bk&m;&Sifudk0f u’nfvif wkyfy’yf nGwfqnf a½S;? pm-86? u-2

uyf o0f ok'óerif;

- bk&m;&Sifudk u’nfvif wkyfy’yf adj

nGwfqnf uyfo0f

- ok'óerif; hn

- r&f 5;udk0fxG;xG;nufnuf y,fbsuf a½S;? pm-87? u-5

ckwfwGif atmifr’ifawf rlo0f bk&m;od©if

- rm&f5;ukd0fxG;xG;nufnuf adj

y,fbswfckwfxGif atmifr’if

awfrlo0f

- bk&m;o©dif hn

- &wemrdk,f;u’d; tz’D;z’D;o0f apwem a½S;? pm-98? u-35

- &wemrkd,f;u’D; tz’D;z’D;o0f adj

- apwem hn


- opfap;[ifoywm; a&TaiG tp&Sdonf a½S;? pm-14? u-25

wkd0fjzihfwihfw,f½IbG,fvSpGmaom vQyfppf

a&TawmifxG#f uJhodk0faom apwDawmf

- opfap;[ifoywm; a&TaiG adj

tp&Sdonfwkd0fjzihf wifhw,f

½IbG,fvSpGmaom

- vQyfppfa&TawmifxG#f adj

uJhodk0faom

- apwDawmf hn

- tóZmenfjrif;ysHuao0f ewf&xm;uJhodkY a½S;? pm-45? u-25

tvGefvQif ½IbG,f&Sdao0f a&TaiG ywåjrm;

zefrSeftxd qef;Mu,fpGm wefqmqif

tyfaom jrif;&xm;

- tóZmenf jrif;ysHuao0f adj

ewf&xm;uJhodkU tvGefvQif

½IbG,f&Sdao0f

- a&TaiGywåjrm; zefrSeftwd adj

qef;Mu,fpGm wefqmqif

tyfaom

- jrif;&xm; hn

- bkef;awmftvGefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom pMum a½S;? pm-45? u-25

qifjzLrsm;od©if b0&Sif tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;

- bkef;awmftvGefBuD;jrwfawmf adj

rlvSaom

- pMumqifjzLrsm; od©if adj

- b0&Siftavmif;rif;w&m;BuD; hn


OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufwGif emrf0dbwf ryg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'f

rsm;udk tavhvmcHausmufpmwkdYwGif (28)Budrf a&;xdk;xm;onfudk awGU&onf/

azmfjyxm;jcif; r&Sdaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;udk aemufqufwGJwGif qufvuf

azmfjyygrnf/

2? 1? 7/ OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUrS emrftxl;jyKaom udef;*Pef;qkdif&m txl;jyK

emrfyk'frsm;

txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGif

udef;*Pef;qkdif&m emrftxl;jyKrsm;vnf; yg&Sdonf/ OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUrS

txl;jyK&mwGif ta&twGufudkjyaom rsdK;jypum;vHk;udkoHk;í udef;*Pef;qkdif&m

txl;jyKjcif;rsdK;udk trsm;qHk; awGU&onf/ OD;aqmifemrf\aemufwGif emrf0dbwf

ygonfvnf;&Sdí rygonfvnf; &Sdygonf/ ,if;zGJUpnf;yHkudk yHkaoenf;xkwfí

oauFwjzihf azmfjy&aomf-

txl;jyKemrfyk'f emrftxl;jyK ... + OD;aqmifemrf emrf0dbwf

MN adj … + hn np

[lí azmfjyygrnf/ OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUrS emrftxl;jyKwpfckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\

aemufrS emrf0dbwf yg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;udk OD;pGmwifjyNyD;rS

OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufrS emrf0dbwf ryg0ifaom zGJUpnf;yHkudk wifjyoGm;rnf

jzpfygonf/

- oHk;yg;o0f omoemwfudk a½S;? pm-23? u-36

- oHk;yg;o0f adj

- omoemwf hn

- udk np

- 30 o0f yg&rDwkd0f udk0f a½S;? pm-79? u-4

- 30 o0f adj

- yg&rDwkd0f hn

- udk0f np


- 84000 aom apwDtaygif;wkdYwGif a½S;? pm-19? u-33

- 84000 aom adj

- apwDtaygif;wdkY hn

- wGif np

- ajcmufyg;o0f a&mifjcnfwf a½S;? pm-32? u-15

- ajcmufyg;o0f adj

- a&mifjcnfwf hn

- oHkrfoG,faomuyf a½S;? pm-71? u-10

- oHkrfoG,faom adj

- uyf hn

txufazmfjyyg OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUrS udef;*Pef;qkdif&m txl;jyKemrfyk'f

zGJUpnf;xm;yHkwGif OD;aqmifemrf\aemufrS emrf0dbwf yg0ifaom zGJUpnf;yHkudk

(5)Budrf awGU&NyD; emrf0dbwf yg0ifrIr&Sdaom zGJUpnf;yHktBudrf (20) a&;xdk;xm;

onfudk awGU&onf/ azmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sdaom txl;jyKemrfyk'fwkdYudk aemufqufwGJwGif

azmfjyygrnf/

2?2/ OD;aqmifemrf\aemufrS emrftxl;jyKygaom udef;*Pef;qkdif&m txl;jyK

emrfyk'frsm;

txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; wnfaqmuf&mwGif OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGifomru

OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufuyg txl;jyKEkdifygonf/ xkduJhodkY OD;aqmifemrf\

aemufrS txl;jyKEkdifaom emrftxl;jyKonf tenf;qHk; wpfck yg&Sd&rnf/ ESpfck

oHk;ck ponfjzifhvnf; yg0ifEkdifonf/ tuefYtowf r&Sday/ OD;aqmifemrf\

aemufrSaeí txl;jyK&mwGifvnf; rsdK;jypum;vHk;udk oHk;í udef;*Pef;qkdif&m

toHk;jyKjcif;tjyif emrftxl;jyKudkvnf; xyfrHawGU&Sd&onf/ ,if;tzGJUtpnf;yHk

wkdYudk yHkaoenf;xkwfí oauFwjzihf azmfjy&aomf-

txl;jyKemrfyk'f OD;aqmifemrf + emrftxl;jyK ... emrf0dbwf


MN hn + adj … np

[lí azmfjyygrnf/ þzGJUpnf;yHkt& tavhvmcHausmufpmrsm;&Sd udef;*Pef;

qkdif&m txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;udk wifjyygrnf/ þwGif emrftxl;jyK\aemufwGif

emrf0dbwf ryg&Sdaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;xm;&SdrIudk OD;pGmwifjyNyD;rS

emrf0dbwfygaom txl;jyKemrfyk'f zGJUpnf;yHkESihf udef;*Pef;qkdif&m txl;jyKjcif;

tjyif emrftxl;jyK xyfrHyg&Sdaom zGJUpnf;yHkudk azmfjyygrnf/

- omoemoHk;yg; a½S;? pm-23? u-13

- omoem hn

- oHk;yg; adj (Num+CL)

- p&yfawmf 4aqmif a½S;? pm-23? u-42

- p&yfawmf hn

- 4aqmif adj (Num+CL)

- y&du©&m&Spfyg; a½S;? pm-30? u-14

- y&du©&m hn

- &Spfyg; adj (Num+CL)

- b0oHk;yg;EdIuf a½S;? pm-43? u-53

- b0 hn

- oHk;yg; adj (Num+CL)

- EdIuf np

- &wemjrwf 3y; a½S;? pm-102? u-31

- &wem hn

- jrwf adj

- 3y; adj (Num+CL)


ukef;abmifacwf tavhvmcHausmufpmrsm;wGif OD;aqmifemrfaemufrS

emrftxl;jyKygaom udef;*Pef;qkdif&m txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;wGif emrf0dbwf

ygaom zGJUpnf;yHkudk tenf;i,fom awGU&Sd&í emrf0dbwf rygaom zGJUpnf;rIudk

trsm;qHk; awGU&onf/ OD;aqmifemrf\aemufrS udef;*Pef;qkdif&m txl;jyK

emrfyk'ftzGJUrsm;udk (33)Budrf awGU&onf/ OD;aqmifemrf\aemufwGif emrftxl;jyK

ESpfckom trsm;qHk;xnhfí a&;zGJUonf/ azmfjy&ef usef&Sdaom txl;jyKemrfyk'f

rsm;udk aemufqufwGJwGif qufí azmfjyygonf/

2? 3/ OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUaemufwkdUrS emrftxl;jyKygaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;

þzGJUpnf;yHkü txl;jyKemrfyk'fwGif OD;aqmifemrfonf rygrjzpf yg&rnf/

OD;aqmifemrfudk txl;jyKaom emrftxl;jyKrsm;onfvnf; OD;aqmifemrf\

a&SUESifh aemufwkdUwGif wpfNydKifeufwnf; yg&rnfjzpfonf/ OD;aqmifemrf\

a&SUwGif emrftxl;jyKwpfckru ESpfck oHk;ck ponfjzihf yg0ifzGJUpnf;Ekdifaomfvnf;

OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufwGif emrftxl;jyK wpfckom trsm;qHk; awGU&onf/

emrftxl;jyK\ aemufwGif emrf0dbwf ygonfvnf;&Sdí rygonfvnf; &SdEkdif

onf/ ,if;udk yHkaoenf;jyKí oauFwjzihf jy&aomf-

txl;jyKemrfyk'f emrftxl;jyK ... + OD;aqmifemrf + emrftxl;jyK... + emrf0dbwf

MN adj… + hn adj…. + np

[lí azmfjyygrnf/ OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUaemufrS emrftxl;jyKwpfckpD yg0ifNyD;

emrf0dbwf yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;aomtzGJUudk tavhvmcHausmufpmwkdYwGif atmufyg

twkdif; awGU&onf/ ¤if;wkdYudk oauFwjyKí azmfjyoGm;rnf jzpfonf/

MN adj + hn + adj + np

- edAÁmefqdyfOD;trnfwf[dao0f a½S;? pm-35? u-38

apwDawmfBuD;udk

- edAÁmefqdyfOD; trnfwf[dao0f adj

- apwDawmf hn

- BuD; adj

- udk np


- oHawmif120 r’ihf o0f jyom'fwfBuD;udk a½S;? pm-87? u-13

- oHawmif 120 r’ihfho0f adj

- jyom'fwf hn

- BuD; adj

- udk np

- edAÁmefwnf;[laom0f xkdrSmbufurf;odkY a½S;? pm-46? u-54

aqmifu,f,lEkdifao0f or®moarÁm"dqkjrwfudk

- edAÁmefwnf;[lao0f adj

xkdrSmbufurf;odkY

aqmifu,f,lEkdifao0f

- or®moar®m"dqk hn

- jrwf adj

- udk np

- r[medAÁmefwnf;[laom a&TjynfBuD;udk0f a½S;? pm-58? u-9

- r[medAÁmefwnf;[laom adj

- a&Tjynf hn

- BuD; adj

- udk0f np


MN adj… + hn + adj

- a0Z,EÅm &wemewfeef; AdrmefuJhodk0f a½S;? pm-87? u-13

tvGef qef;u’,fpGm taqmif 40 z’ihf

&Ho0f a&Teef;wfu’D;

- a0Z,EÅm &wem ewfeef; adj

AdrmefuJhodk0f tvGef

qef;u’,fpGm taqmif

40 z’ifh&Ho0f

- a&Teef;awmf hn

- u’D; adj

- tvs; t;z’ihf oHwm 250 teHt;z’ifh a½S;? pm-90? u-35

vl 40tNydKif oG;omo0fwefw;wfu’D;

- tvs;t;z’ihf oHwm 250 adj

teH t;z’ihf vl40tNydKif

oG;omo0f

- wefw;wf hn

- u’D; adj

- aNrd,fBuD;ivsifyJhwifwfvnf; ½dkufMunf; a½S;? pm-25? u-28

a,Of0ef;usif pMu0Vmjyif;pGm

wkefvIyfjcif;[lo0f edrdwfwfBuD;

- ajrd,fBuD;ivsifyJhwifwfvnf; adj

½dkufMunf; a,Of0ef;usif

pMu0Vmjyif;pGm wkefvIyfjcif;

[lo0f

- edrdwfwf hn

- BuD; adj


- bHkrftqifhqifh rSefuif 12ql z’ihf a½S;? pm-90? u-34

qefu’,fpGm a&TawmifaygufouJhokd0f

o0f yd#uwfwkdufwfu’D;

- bHktqihfqifh rSefuif adj

12ql z’ihf qefu’,fpGm

a&TawmifaygufouJhodk0fo0f

- yd#uwfwdkufwf hn

- u’D; adj

MN adj1 + adj

2 + hn + adj + np

- BuD;pGmaom £E´eDvm tqif;[daom a½S;? pm-33? u-22

ausmufBuD;udk

- BuD;pGmaom adj

- £E´eDvm tqif;[daom adj

- ausmuf hn

- BuD; adj

- udk np

- BuD;us,fwifhw,fvSpGm ao0f bHktqihfqifh a½S;? pm-43? u-33

t&H taqmifaqmifjzihf qef;us,f

wihfw,fao0f ausmif;awmfBuD;onf

- BuD;us,fwihfw,fvSpGmao0f adj

- bHktqifhqihft&H taqmifaqmifjzihf adj

qef;us,fwihfw,fao0f

- ausmif;awmf hn

- BuD; adj

- onf np


MN adj1 + adj

2 + hn + adj

- rSefuif; 24ql pdefy’H 40 rkwfeefOuif 8&uf a½S;? pm-90? u-35

pdefy’H 16ql z’ihfwifhw,fpGm o0f 2xyfo0f

r[m&HwHwdkif;wf u’D;

- rSefuif; 24ql pdefy’H 40 adj

rkwfeefOuif8&uf pdefy’H

16 ql z’ifhwifhw,fpGm o0f

- 2xyfo0f adj

- r[m&HwHwkdif;wf hn

- u’D; adj

- *kP0,t;z’ifhoCFrdz’pfo0f wdyd#uvuFm& a½S;? pm-97? u-29

omrdr[m"r®&mZm"d&mZm *k½k[lo0f

wHqdyfwf&Sdo0f q&mwfr’wf

- *kP0,t;z’ihf oCFrdz’pfo0f adj

- wdyd#uvuFm&omrd adj

r[m"r®&mZm"d&mZm *k½k[lo0f

wHqdyfwf&Sdo0f

- q&mwf hn

- r’wf adj


MN adj(1-6)

+ hn + adj + np

- a&G;cs,fpdppf½k,fcsD;jr§ihfudk;uG,fawfrlao0f a½S;? pm-44? u-38

pwkyg&d ok'¨dav;yg; jzLxGm;oefU&Sif;

pifMu,f jynhfpHkao0f omoemawmf\

tjrpfyifpnf obG,f jzpfawmfrlao0f

ZrÁL'dyf0,f taMutnm 'dom&Spf&yf

ESHYpyf ausmfapmao0f y&d,wfy#dywf

pao0f txl;xl;o0f *kPfESihf jynhfpHkao0f

ZrÁL'Dy teEÅ"Zr[m"r®&mZm*k½k[lao0f

emrH wHqdyfawmfjzihf csD;jr§ihfudk;uG,fawf

rlao0f q&mawmfjrwftm;

- a&G;cs,fpdppf½k,f csD;jr§ihf adj-1

udk;uG,fawfrlao0f

- pwkyg&dok'¨dav;yg;jzLxGm; adj-2

oefU&Sif; pifMu,fjynhfpHkao0f

- omoemawmf\tjrpfyifpnf adj-3

obG,fjzpfawmfrlao0f

- ZrÁL'dyf0,f taMutnm 'dom adj-4

&Spf&yfESHYpyf ausmfapmao0f

- y&d,wf y#dywf pao0f adj-5

txl;xl;ao0f *kPfESihf

jynhfpHkao0f

- ZrÁL'Dy teEÅ"Zr[m"r®&mZm adj-6

*k½k[lao0f emrHwHqdyfawfjzihf

csD;jr§ihfudk;uG,fawfrlao0f

- q&mawmf hn

- jrwf adj

- tm; np


OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUaemufrS emrftxl;jyKygaom zGJUpnf;yHkudk tavhvmcH

ausmufpmrsm;wGif txufazmfjycJhonhftwkdif; awGU&Sd&onf/ tavhvmcH

ausmufpmrsm;wGif OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUaemufrS emrftxl;jyKwpfckpD yg0ifNyD;

OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufrS emrf0dbwf yg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'f (8)ckESihf

emrf0dbwf ryg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'f (12)ck? OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUrS

emrftxl;jyK ESpfckESihf OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufrS emrftxl;jyK wpfck yg0ifNyD;

emrf0dbwf yg0ifaom txl;jyKemrfyk'f (4)ckESifh emrf0dbwf ryg0ifaom

txl;jyKemrfyk'f (3)cktjyif OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUrS emrftxl;aygif; (6)ckESihf

OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufrS emrftxl;jyK (1)cktjyif emrf0dbwf yg0ifaom

txl;jyKemrfyk'fudkvnf; awGU&onf/

emrftxl;jyKudk OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUESihfaemufwkdUü wpfNydKifeufxm;í

zGJUpnf;xm;aom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;wGif OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUü emrftxl;jyK

ESpfck oHk;ck av;ck ig;ck ponfjzihf zGJUpnf;xm;aomfvnf; OD;aqmifemrf\

aemufwGifrl emrftxl;jyK wpfckom trsm;qHk; awGU&onf/ azmfjy&ef usef&Sd

aeaom txl;jyKemrfyk'ftzGJUrsm;udk aemufqufwGJwGif qufvufazmfjyygrnf/

NcHKiHkoHk;oyfcsuf

þpmwrf;onf ukef;abmifacwf ouú&mZf (1114 rS 1247) ckESpf

twGif; awGU&Sd&aom tvSLrSwfwrf;wifausmufpmrsm;rS txl;jyKygaom

txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;xm;yHkudk bmomaA'enf;t& avhvmwifjyxm;

ygonf/ bmompum;wGif tajymbmompum;ESihf ta&;bmompum; [lí

(2)rsdK;&Sd&m ta&;bmompum;udk tajccHí avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/ bmom

pum;udk tajccHí pmayzGJUpnf;wnfaqmuf&mwGif o'́gzGJUpnf;yHkudk vnf;aumif;?

t"dyÜg,fxnhfoGif;zGJUpnf;yHkudk vnf;aumif; avhvm&ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh

o'´gzGJUpnf;ykHjzpfaom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;\ zGJUpnf;xm;yHkudk o'´gpnf;urf;

ESihf avhvmwifjycJhonf/

txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;xm;&SdyHkudk avhvm&mwGifvnf; emrftxl;jyKudk

OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUwGifxm;í zGJUpnf;xm;aom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;? emrf

txl;jyKudk OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufwGifxm;í zGJJUpnf;xm;aom txl;jyK

emrfyk'frsm;ESihf emrftxl;jyKudk OD;aqmifemrf\ a&SUESihfaemufwGifxm;í zGJUpnf;


xm;aom txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;[k oHk;rsdK;cGJí yHkaoenf;rsm;xkwfum bmomaA'

tjrifjzihf oHk;oyfwifjycJhygonf/

tavhvmcHausmufpmwkdYwGif emrftxl;jyKtjzpf emrf? Bud,m pum;vHk;

rsm;ESihf twGJrsm;aomypönf;rSm ]aom} jzpfNyD; rsdK;jyESihfta&twGufudk wGJí

oHk;aom udef;*Pef;qkdif&m txl;jyKrsm;udkvnf; awGU&onf/

OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUwGif&Sdaom emrftxl;jyKrsm;udk avhvmMunhfvQif

wpfckru wkd;csJUzGJUpnf;xm;onfudk awGU&onf/ OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUwGif txl;jyKemrf

aygif;rsm;pGm xnhfoGif;a&;zGJUxm;aomfvnf; OD;aqmifemrf\ aemufwGifrl

emrftxl;jyKwpfckom trsm;qHk; xnhfoGif;a&;zGJUxm;&SdrIudk awGU&onf/

þodkUjzihf OD;aqmifemrf\a&SUrS emrftxl;jyKaygif;rsm;pGmjzifh a&;zGJUavh

&Sdonfh ukef;abmifacwf jrefrmpmaya&;zGJUrIudk od&SdEkdifonhfjyif xkdacwf\

a&;[efudkvnf; ay:vGifapcJhygonf/ a&S;jrefrmpma&;zGJUrIwkdYwGif rsm;aom

tm;jzihf jrefrmo'´gt& teuft"dyÜm,ft& qufpyfaeonhf txl;jyKrsm;jzihf

a&;zGJUxm;onhf ta&;tom;rsm; rsm;pGmyg0ifaeaMumif;udkvnf; avhvmrd

ygonf/ þpmwrf;onf ukef;abmifacwf jrefrmausmufpmrsm;vm txl;jyK

emrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;xm;&SdrIudk avhvmrIjyKcJhonhf pmwrf;jzpfNyD; ukef;abmifacwf

jrefrmpma&;zGJUrIudk avhvmvdkolrsm;twGuf wpfaxmihf wpfae&mrS taxmuf

tul jyKEkdifvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfrdygonf/

ed*Hk;

þpmwrf;onf ukef;abmifacwf jrefrmouú&mZf (1114 rS 1247) ckESpf

twGif;&Sd tvSLrSwfwrf;wifausmufpmrsm;vm txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;udk bmomaA'

tjrifjzihf avhvmwifjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/ ukef;abmifacwf jrefrmausmufpm

rsm;wGif a&;zGJUcJhaom txl;jyKyk'ftzGJUrsm;onf ,aeYacwf txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;

zGJUpnf;xm;&SdrIESihf tenf;i,fom uGmjcm;rI&Sdonf/ þuGmjcm;rIrSm ukef;abmif

acwfxkd; ausmufpmwkdYwGif wpfckruaom emrftxl;jyKrsm; rsm;pGmjzihf zGJUpnf;

xm;jcif;jzpfNyD; ,aeYacwf jrefrmpma&;zGJUrIwGifrl þodkYaom emrftxl;jyKaygif;

rsm;pGmjzihf a&;zGJUrIudk rawGU&oavmufyif enf;yg;onf/ &Snfvsm;pGmaom

emrftxl;jyKrsm;jzihf a&;zGJUrIonf t"duqkdvkdcsufudk csufcsif; rodEkdifbJ

jzpfaponf/ rnfodkYyifqkdapumrl ukef;abmifacwf jrefrmausmufpmrsm;rS


txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm; zGJUpnf;yHkudk avhvmjcif;onf ukef;abmifacwfwGif a&;xkd;

cJhonhf jrefrmausmufpmrsm;rS jrefrmpma&;zGJUrIqkdif&m oabmobm0udk avhvmcGifh

&ygonf/ ukef;abmifacwfonf pmya'omacwf[k wifpm;ac:&avmufatmif

0daoo tzGJUtEGJUrsm;jzihf vufpGrf;jya&;zGJUcJhMujcif; jzpf&m ausmufpmpum;ajy

ta&;tom;rsm;üyg 0daootzGJUtEGJUrsm; yg0ifaeonfudk awGU&Sd&onf/

bmompum;avhvmrI½IaxmifhrS MunhfvQif 0gus&SnftzGJUrsm;aMumihf ausmufpm

pum;ajy\ &Sif;vif;jcif;*kPf&nfudk xdcdkufEkdifaomfvnf; ukef;abmifacwf pmay

a&pD;aMumif;twkdif; a&;xkd;cJhjcif; jzpfonf[k ,lqEkdifygonf/

usrf;udk;pm&if;

jrefrmbmom

cifrif? armif("EkjzL)/ (1992)/ jrefrmbmompum;ynm&Sifrsm;ESihf bmompum;tjrif/

&efukef? qkpmay/

cifrif? armif("EkjzL)/ (2013)/ bmompmay taoG;ta&mif tqiftuGuf (yBudrf)/

&efukef? &mjynhfpmay/

cifrif? armif("EkjzL)/ (2016)/ jrefrmpum;taMumif; waphwapmif;/ &efukef/

vif;vGef;cifpmaywkduf/

xGef;jrihf? OD;/ (1995)/ bmomaA'/ &efukefwuúodkvf? *sDtD;pD (ynma&;)? or0g,r

bPfvdrdwuf/

jrefrmpmtzGJU/ (2016)/ jrefrmo'´g (w-Budrf)/ jrefrmpmESihfbmompum; ynma&;

OD;pD;Xme/

,Ofaus;rI0efBuD;Xme/ (2013)/ a&S;a[mif;jrefrmausmufpm (q|rwGJ)/ &efukef?

a&S;a[mif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme? trsdK;om;jywkdufESihfpmMunfhwkdufOD;pD;Xme/

atmifjrihfOD;? a'gufwm/ (2010)/ bmompum;okawoe/ &efukef? "l0Hpmtkyfwkduf/

t*Fvdyfbmom

Okell, John and Anna Allott. (2001). Burmese/ Myanmar Dictionary of Grammatical Forms.

Richmord; Curzon Press.

Okell, John. (1969). A REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF COLLOQUIAL BURMESE.

LONDON; Oxford University Press.


twkdaumuftñTef;

adj = adjectival

CL = classifier

hn = head noun

MN = modifier noun phrase

Num = numberal

np = noun particle

a&S; = a&S;a[mif;jrefrmausmufpmrsm;

pm = pmrsufESm

u-1 = ausmufpmaMumif;a& - 1

pmrJhtrSwftom;

= zGJUpnf;yHkjyoauFw

= &SdEkdif r&SdEkdif oauFw

... = wpfckxufydkaMumif;jy oauFw


aemufqufwGJ(u)

tavhvmcHukef;abmifacwfausmufpmrsm;

pOf ausmufpmtrnf ausmufpm

trsdK;tpm;

ckESpf

1 a*gwr*l ausmufpm rlvxkd; 1119

2 ajcawmf&m ausmufpm / 1122

3 a&Twefqmbk&m; ausmufpm / 1124

4 a&TMuuf,ufrkaw¬mbk&m; ausmufpm / 1125

5 a&Trkaw¬mapwD ausmufpm / 1126

6 edAÁmefqdyfOD;bk&m; ausmufpm (u) / 1126

7 edAÁmefqdyfOD;bk&m; ausmufpm (c) / 1126

8 bHkpHwkvTwfausmif; ausmufpm(u) / 1127

9 bHkpHwkvTwfausmif; ausmufpm(c) / 1127

10 &efatmifr*FvmapwD ausmufpm / 1129

11 yk*Ha&Tpnf;cHk ausmufpm / 1130

12 odrfatmif ausmufpm / 1133

13 yefpGmq&mawmf t&kd;tkd; ausmufpm / 1135

14 jynfedAÁmefbk&m; ausmufpm / 1135

15 jrifrdrkaw¬mbk&m; ausmufpm

(txufydkif;)

/ 1138

16 jrifrdrkaw¬mbk&m; ausmufpm

(atmufykdif;)

/ 1138


pOf ausmufpmtrnf ausmufpm

trsdK;tpm;

ckESpf

17 tif;0qifjzL&Sifrif; tvSLjyKaom

ausmufpm

/ 1138

18 tif;0rdk;xdausmif; ausmufpm (u) / 1139

19 tif;0rdk;xdausmif; ausmufpm (c) / 1139

20 r[modrfawmf ausmufpm / 1139


aemufqufwGJ(c)

tavhvmcHausmufpmrsm;rS txl;jyKemrfyk'frsm;

MN adj + hn + np

- oAÁnK&Sifawmfbk&m;\ omoemawmfonf a&S;? pm-13? u-90

- ESvHkwfra&mif&Jxl;uJo0fapwemjzihf a&S;? pm-90? u-30

- tjrifwaxmifaqmifo0fodMum;ewfonf a&S;? pm-66? u-62

- &Td,fxD;a&Td,feef;ajymifajymif xGef;½k,fh a&S;? pm-24? u-19

yGifhvif;pGmaom omoemawmfonf

- oHo&m0,f epfrGef;ukefo0fowå0g a&S;? pm-70? u-28

taygif;wkd0ftm;

- oAÁnK&Sifawmfbk&m;\ omoemawmfonf a&S;? pm-13? u-5

- ajrjyifom,m MoZm&Sdaomt&yfü a&S;? pm-14? u-21

- jrwfaom xD;aqmif;jynfaxmifrif;wkdYudk a&S;? pm-20? u-30

- cHwGif;rSxGufaom tcdk;tvQHonf a&S;? pm-25? u-31

- oDvESihfjynfhpHko0folawmfaumif;wkdYudk a&S;? pm-30? u-4

- r*¾if&Spfyg;[laom oabFmavSjzihf a&S;? pm-38? u-60

- oefY&Sif;pifaom ajrjyifudk a&S;? pm-42? u-28

- xl;jrwfpGmaomw&m;awmfudk a&S;? pm-46? u-50

- b0oHk;yg;EdIufjzpfaom ork',opömudk a&S;? pm-46? u-53

- edAÁmef[laom ab;r,hfjynfodk0f a&S;? pm-65? u-55

- jynfedAÁmeftrnf&Sdo0fbk&m;&Siftm; a&S;? pm-77? u-13

- teEÅpuú0VmEdIufaeukefo0f owå0g a&S;? pm-82? u-16

taygif;wkd0ftm;

- w½kyfw&uf vlr’dK0fwkd0fhudk tpdk;&o0f a&S;? pm-87? u-14

Oa'nfyG;onf

- 32yg; xif&Sm;vu©Pm t*Fg&Spfq,fa&mif a&S;? pm-24? u-19

ajcmHoG,fjzihf wihfw,fpGmo0f bk&m;ocifonf


- &mZm"d&mZmjzpfwfrlo0f tavmif;rif;w&m; a&S;? pm-25? u-23

bk&m;BuD;onf

- ZrÁL'dyfwuRef;vHk;udk tpdk;&o0f oD&d"r®m a&S;? pm-44? u-41

aomurif;onf

- BuD;pGmaomobifudk a&S;? pm-30? u-13

- oAÁnKw txGwfjrwfaomqkudk a&S;? pm-38? u-61

- omoemwfudk0faqmif&Gufo0fodef;Cdk0fa&muf a&S;? pm-63? u-47

rax&fonf

- bHkrforÜgEdIufusifvnf ukefo0f owå0g a&S;? pm-69? u-83

taygif;wkd0ft;

- a&Ttu©&m a&Tpma&o0f yd#uwfwf 3yHkudk0f a&S;? pm-90? u-30

- &mZlq,f0if trifrifwkd0f eifESdyfykdifo a&S;? pm-112? u-30

tpdk0f&o0f b0ocif toQifrif;w&m;BuD;onf

- ewfwumwkdYudk tpdk;&ao0f odMum;ewfrif; a&S;? pm-47? u-56

wkdY\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk

- atmifolwugEkdif&m bufuif;w&m;rif;\ a&S;? pm-67? u-11

oémwfudk0f

- ynmowådAswådAvESif pHktrftif nDnGwfpGmo0f a&S;? pm-102? u-37

q&mwf oCFmwfjrwfwkd0fonf

- oémwfpD;yG;y’nfol vlwumwkd0f pD;yG;udk0f a&S;? pm-87? u-6

&GufaqmifEkdifo0f tavmif;rif;w&m;onf

- twå[dw y&[dw? y@dwvu©Pm a&S;? pm-14? u-14

trpötrnf&Sdaom trwfudk0f

- Bwdb0em wdwsm y0& y@dw r[m&mZm"dywd a&S;? pm-14? u-16

trnf&Sdaom om;awmfOy&mZmonf

- &wemodCFtrnf&Sdaom a&S;? pm-14? u-17

ukef;abmifjynfBuD;udk0f

t


MN adj 1 + adj

2 + hn + np

- txl;xl;o0faus;Zl;taygif;ESihfjynhfpHkrfwf a&S;? pm-76? u-6

rlxo0f or®morÁK'¨oHkrfavmu{,f

t"dywd rkedyk*F0 a*gwr[ktrnfwf

&o0f bk&m;ocifonf

- bkef;aw0ftvGefBuD;r’wfawmfrlv So0fqifz’L a&S;? pm-84? u-13

ocif toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;uD;bk&m;onf

MN adj 1 + adj

2 + adj

3 + hn + np

- 16; o0fÓPfwfudk tpdk;&wfrl½k,fatmifolwkdY a&S;? pm-86? u-2

xGufz’; 5rm&fatmifr’if bk&m;&Sifukd0f

- tcsif;,lZem 1203450? t0ef;,lZem a&S;? pm-22? u-5-6

3610350 [daom oHk;q,fwbHkESihfwuG

pMum0Vm wkdufaygif;uka# waomif;rQaom

xuf0ef;usift&yfwkdYEdIuf ouúa'0E´

o[óaewåd[laom trnfjzihf ausmapm

xif&Sm; odMum; wpfaomif;vd,faxmifaom

pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;wkdYonf

- wkdifu’D; 16 wkdifudk0f tpdk;&wf rl½k,f a&S;? pm-86? u-4

&efoltaygif;ukd0f atmifwfrlvsuf ZrÁL'dyf

xufwnfo0f a&TwGif aiGwGif ywår;wGif

y,ifwGif pao0f &wemwGif r’; ocif

toQif b0&Sif zkd0fwf tavmif;rif;w&m;u’D;

bk&m;onf

- 'kwd,&mZ0ifwGif b0&Sifrif;w&m;\ a&S;? pm-87? u-10

nDwf&if tppf {u&mZfvQif z’pfwfrl½k,f

&efoltaygif;udk r’ufapmif&nfum

tomvG,fulatmifwf rlo0f qifz’L&wem

od’iftoQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;u’D;

bk&m;onf


- rif;wkdY\t&Sif &wemwkdY\ocif a&S;? pm-14? u-18

txG#ftjrwf jzpfawmfrlxaom

om;awmf tavmif;bk&m;onf

MN adj + hn

- ZrÁL'DygwuRef;vHk;udk tpkd;&aom a&S;? pm-20? u-24

"r®maomurif;

- omoemwfudk xGef;0if;apEkdifo0f a&S;? pm-26? u-36

taemf&xma'0rif;

- &wem7yg;ESihfwuG vd,f;uRef;vHk;udk a&S;? pm-38? u-63

tpdk;&o0fpMumrif;

- a&Td,fNrdKUawmf a&Td,feef;awmfxD;csufawf a&S;? pm-38? u-65

apmifhaomewf

- &wem 7yg;ESihfwuG 4uRef;vHk;udk a&S;? pm-47? u-56

tpdk;&aom pMumrif;\pnf;pdrfcsrf;om

- &mZm"dywdjzpfawmfrlaom a&S;? pm-14? u-15

tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;

- ZrÁL'dyfwuRef;vHk;udk tpdk;&o0f a&S;? pm-26? u-36

to0fu "r®&mZmrif;

- omoemwfukd xGef;0if;apEkdifo0f a&S;? pm-26? u-36

taemf&xma'0rif;

- t*Faw opfapa&TaiGwkdYjzihf wefqmqifí a&S;? pm-54? u-5

wnfaom &efatmifr*FvmapwDawmf

- ewfwumwkd0fxuf jrwfo0f odMumewf a&S;? pm-

- vlwumwkd0fudk tpdk;&o0f pMumrE¨mwfrif; a&S;? pm-78? u-26


- tqHkrfpGefo0fukd,fwftz’pfEdIufbGm;wfrlo0f a&S;? pm-83? u-5

ed,fESihf wy’dKifeufayguf½k,faxmufo0f

a&TanmifAk'¨a[yif

- aAm"dorÇm&jzpfaom yg&rD udk0fjznhfpGrf; a&S;? pm-78? u-27

aqmif&Guf&onf jzpfvdk0fo0f

t&drdawå,s&Sifwfbk&m;

- ZrÁL'dyfuRef;vHkrf;ESihfwuG atmufxuf a&S;? pm-79? u-6

zDvmESpf,lZemudk tpdk;&o0f taomu

"r®&mZmrif;

- vlwumwkd0f{,f tZÆo,udk0fayurf a&S;? pm-85? u-23

z’nhfpGrfEkdifo0f ol<u,frif

- xufMoufw,lZem tpdk0f&o0f a&S;? pm-87? u-5

oD&d"r®maomurif;

- bk&m;o©if\ torådEéezl;oif u’pfwf"mwfukd0f a&S;? pm-87? u-17

xmyemwfrlo0f a&Tpnf;cHkrfapwDawmf

- tr’ifwaxmifaqmifo0f odu’m;ewfrif; a&S;? pm-90? u-31

- atmifoltaygifwkd0f\ t"dywdjzpfwfrlo0f a&S;? pm-102? u-29

bk&m;od©if

MN adj 1 + adj

2 + hn

- Oapö y’nf0,f aerrlí ygwvdykwfy’nf a&S;? pm-87? u-10

wnfo0f oD&d"r®maomurif;

- bk&m;tavgifwf pHy’wfrlo0f a'0'[ a&S;? pm-87? u-10

aumvdw uyÜd, [lao0f 3y’nfu’D;

- bkef;awmftvGefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom a&S;? pm-9? u-1

pMumqifjzLrsm; o©difb0&Sif

tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;


MN adj (Num + CL) + hn

- orÜg;o0f r*FvmBuD;wkdYonf a&S;? pm- ? u-

- 5usdwf 5a,muf o0f olaX;om;wkdYudk a&S;? pm-32? u-18

- 9 qlaom apwDawmf a&S;? pm-32? u-41

- tcsyfw&m&Sdo0f ukrk'´&mMumyGifh a&S;? pm-30? u-9

- &Spfjynfaxmifaom rif;wkdY a&S;? pm-30? u-34

- oHkrfq,fwxyf b0&yf a&S;? pm-78? u-30

- ajcmufqihfewf&Gm a&S;? pm-39? u-8

- oHk;usdyfoHk;a,Hao0f odMum;ewfrif;wkdY a&S;? pm-2? u-16

- 3yHkao0f yd#uwfawf a&S;? pm-44? u-34

- 4;o0fypönf; a&S;? pm-92? u-45

- 315; o0f u’ef vu©Pm a&S;? pm-94? u-8

- 3wef o0f apwem a&S;? pm-97? u-30

- oHk;yg;aom o0f apwem a&S;? pm-21? u-41

- 3tif apwem a&S;? pm-97? u-31

- vd,fygaom tyg,fi&,f a&S;? pm-32? u-15

MN hn + adj (Num + CL)

- omoem awmf 5 axmif a&S;? pm-30? u-6

- ppft*Fg 4yg; a&S;? pm-30? u-12

- ausmHajcmufcsyfwkdY a&S;? pm-30? u-8

- pwkr[m&mZfewfrif;av;a,muf a&S;? pm-30? u-16

- ypönf;av;yg; a&S;? pm-30? u-47

- &wem 7yg; a&S;? pm-43? u-56


- p&d, 3yg; a&S;? pm-38? u-64

- trwf 4a,muf a&S;? pm-37? u-52

- trwf 2 a,muf a&S;? pm-37? u-52

- r*¾if 8yg; a&S;? pm-38? u-60

- 'dó½Spf&yf a&S;? pm-44? u-37

- opömav;qifh a&S;? pm-46? u-54

- tkef;aygufpGmajre,f 8&yf a&S;? pm-48? u-1

- owåd 3yg; a&S;? pm-27? u-49

- &mZ"r® 10yg; a&S;? pm-27? u-49

- o*F[w&m; 4yg; a&S;? pm-27? u-49

- ty&d[med,w&m; 7yg; a&S;? pm-27? u-49

- &yfjypf &Spfyg; a&S;? pm-71? u-10

- t&yf 8 r’ufESm a&S;? pm-91? u-40

- obifonf 37 &yf a&S;? pm-97? u-33

- bHk 3 &yf a&S;? pm-98? u-36

- y&dowf&Spfyg; a&S;? pm-31? u-31

- yg&rD 10yg; a&S;? pm-43? u-56-14

- ty,f 4yg; a&S;? pm-81? u-24

- &wem 7yg; a&S;? pm-46? u-56

- yd#uwf 3yHk a&S;? pm-90? u-30

- t&yfBuD; 6yg; a&S;? pm-23? u-64

- pGef;jcif;BuD; 5yg; a&S;? pm-37? u-64


MN adj + hn + adj + np

- ok"r®mewfobifuJhodkY tvGefwifhw,fpGmao0f a&S;? pm-45? u-45

r[m0d[m&ausmif;awmfBuD;udk

- edAÁmefwnf;[laom acrmbufodk0f a&S;? pm-46? u-54

wifydkUEkdifo0f or®moarÁm"dqkjrwfudk

- r[medAÁmefwnf;[laom a&TjynfBuD;udk0f

- taqmifaqmifjzihf qef;Mu,fpGmao0f a&S;? pm-44? u-36

r[m0d[m& ausmif;awmfBuD;udk

MN adj + hn + adj

- rSefuif; 32 ql pdefysH 32ql rkwfeef; a&S;? pm-90? u-34

Ouif 3qihfESihfwuG wifhw,fpGmo0f

au’mifwfOD;y’mó'fwfu’D;

- wmaygif; 3206 wm&Sdaom a&TNrdKUawmfBuD; a&S;? pm-41? u-18

- bHk 7 qihf [daom a&Teef;jyó'fawmfBuD; a&S;? pm-41? u-19

- taqmifaqmifao0f t&Hjzihf qef;Mu,fao0f a&S;? pm-41? u-31

ausmif;awmfBuD;

- bHkrftqifhqihf rSefuif 12ql z’ihf qefu’,fpGm a&S;? pm-90? u-34

a&Tawmifayguf ouJhokd0f yd#uwfwkdufwfu’D;

- tvGefoz’ihfpifu’,fo0f a&uefwfu’D; a&S;? pm-90? u-35

- oCFmwf 2500 &efo0f tvSLwfu’D; a&S;? pm-90? u-36

- Munf&TifpGmo0f apwemjrwf a&S;? pm-102? u-35


MN adj1 + adj

2 + hn np

- csrf;omckdifNyD; tNrdKufoD;udk0f rNiD;vdk&m a&S;? pm-58? u-9

a&G;qGwf&mjzpfaom r[medAÁmefwnf;[laom

a&TjynfBuD;udk

- r[mr*Fvma&Ttkyf urÜnf;armfuGef;wyfo0f a&S;? pm-97? u-29

bHkrf 5xyf tOD jyó'ft&Hau’mifwf r[m&H

2xyfz’ihf wihfw,fo0f au’mifwfBuD;udk

- t"dywd yk*F0 orÁK'¨ trnfwf &o0f bk&; a&S;? pm-84? u-7 o©dif{,f omoemwfr’wf

ukef;abmifacwfausmufpmrsm;rs txl;jykemrfyk'frsm;zgjupnf .... daw khin khin...

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