UK Working Group: Territorial Cohesion Territorial Description: London London in UK Context; What we mean by London; Population; Housing; Infrastructure; Economic Functions and Town Centres; Planning Context. Territory: London Capital of England and United Kingdom Home of 12.5% of UK Population on 0.6% of land area: 7.75 million live in 3.3 million households; 4,900 persons per square kilometre London in the UK context London is the political, economic, social and cultural capital of England and the UK London contains 12.5% of the UKs Population on 0.6% of its land mass London in the UK context (2) Strong links with surrounding areas (dependent on these for some growth as a city region) Physically constrained from outward expansion by the Metropolitan Green Belt Population Population distribution Deprivation Housing What is the impact? National Housing Disparity: North/ South Divide; London House Prices over double national average. Post market crash- the trend is accelerating High and rising rates- +17% increase in 2010. London Variation House Building Response Tourist London vs. Our London 1.Central Tourist London 2.London 020 dialling code area in red 3.The London postal district in red 4.Aerial imagery of Londons built up areas 5.London Travel To Work Area in dark blue 6.City of London in bright red 7.Former County of London in green Living in London Vs Commuting into London Complex relationships of radial and cross-commuting flows into but also around London; biggest pull is Central London, with Heathrow also being a major attractor of long distance commuting. 722,000 people living outside the Greater London area commuted into London to work London 1 hour commute Londons inter- relationship with the Greater South East Existing Infrastructure (1) Londons major roads and international airports Londons international and national rail connections Existing Infrastructure (2) Complex London-wide transport connectivity Existing Infrastructure (3) Londons green and blue infrastructure Future Infrastructure (1) Major transport projects will be altering Londons accessibility. High Speed Rail: already completed line to Ebbsfleet and Ashford. Future plans for HS2 to link to Birmingham. Crossrail: Speed and capacity expansion on main east-west growth corridor. Infrastructure upgrades: General capacity expansion on most rail corridors, London Over- and Underground, Thameslink. Future Infrastructure (2) New Flood Barrier 2030+? New Thames Crossing 2020+? Thames Sewage Storage Tunnel (2020) Crossrail 1 (2018) London 400kV Cable Tunnels (2018) Lee Valley Sewage Storage Tunnel (2015) Crossrail 2 (2025?) HS2 to Birmingham (2026) New Island Airport? Extended CC and LEZ? Economic Centres City of London Vs West End Town Centre Networks Changing Patterns of Economic Activity and Land Use Places to Watch East London Emerging Economic Networks London and the wider south-east Planning Legislation Structural and Local Plans Town & Country Planning Act 1947 [Separate Act for Scotland] Town & Country Planning Act 1968 Increased powers Town & Country Planning Act 1990; Town & Country Planning Act 1990 (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Planning and Compensation Act 1991 New regional tier Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 Recent Reform Localism Act 2011 Recent Changes in Legislation New Coalition Government elected in 2010 Major changes to planning system: Abolition of Regional Spatial Strategies Localism Act 2011 Neighbourhood planning Duty to co-operate National Planning Policy Framework 2012 Planning as an instrument for economic growth Implementation of Community Infrastructure Levy Pre and Post 2010 No national plan for England Regional Spatial StrategiesNo sub regional planning Local Development Framework Non statutory neighbourhood plans No national plan for England Regional planning abolished apart from Greater London Duty-to-co-operate allows sub-regional alliances Local Plans Neighbourhood plans statutory documents London: Local Policy Example: London Borough of Richmond Hierarchy of planning policies National Planning Policy Framework (England) The London Plan (Regional Strategy) Richmonds Core Strategy (Local Plan) English local government forms : Within London: 32 London Boroughs and City of London Outside London: County Councils and below District Councils Population data: England appr. 52 million London appr. 8 million Richmond appr. 180,000 Average of 160,000 per LPA! Local Planning Authorities (LPA): 326 Local Planning Authorities in England Statutory town and spatial planning functions developing plans, policies and making decisions on developments Comparison of English local authorities to other EU countries: France: 36,679 Communes average of 2,000 habitants per commune Germany: 12,141 municipalities average of 7,000 per municipality Switzerland: 2596 municipalities average of 3,000 per municipality Territorial Description: London